合同英语2虚词

1、英文合同常用虚词（UsualFunctionWords一、英文合同常用虚词(UsualFunctionWords)1.Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here代表this,there代表that,where代表which或what即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/whichorwhatlHereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis.特止匕，由止匕，兹等意。例句：TheBuyerherebyordersfromtheSellertheundermentionedgoodssubjecttothefollowingco

2、nditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：lHerein：inthis。此中，于此。例句：TheminimumroyaltyhereinspecifiedshallbepaidbyPartyBtoPartyA.在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。lHereinafter:laterinthesameContract.以下，在下文。通常与tobereferredtoas,referredas,called连用。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedon,(date)(year),byandbetween(hereinaftercalledParty

3、A)ontheonehandand(hereinaftercalledPartyB)ontheotherhand.本协议书于年月曰由(以下简称甲方)为一方，与(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。lHereof:ofthis。关于此点，在本文件中。Hereunder:underthis.本文件规定。例句：Bothpartiesagreetoattempttoresolvealldisputesbetweenthepartieswithrespecttotheapplicationorinterpretationofanytermhereofoftransactionhereunder,througha

4、micablenegotiation.合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。lHereto:tothis.本文件的。Thereof:ofthat.其它的。Thereto:tothat与之，向那里。例句：“LicensedProducts"meansthedevicesandproductsdescribedinSchedule1. annexedheretotogetherwithallimprovementandmodificationthereofordevelopmentwithrespectthereto."特许产

5、品”系指在本协议附件1中所述的装置和产品，及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。lHerewith:withthis.与此，附此。Thereby:bythatmeans.因此，由此，从而例句：InanyoneormoreoftheprovisionscontainedinthisContractoranydocumentexecutedinconnectionherewithshallbeinvalidofunenforceableinanyrespectunderanyapplicablelaw,thevalidityandenforceabilityoftheremainingprov

6、isionscontainedhereinshallnotinanywaybeaffectedthereby.如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。lThereafter:afterthat,afterwards.止匕后。例句：TheContractforthecontractualjointventureshallcontinuefromaperiodotwoyearsthereafter.本合作经营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。在那里；在那点Therein:inthat;inthatparticularcon

7、text;inthatrespect.上；在那方面。例句：TheLeasedPremisesaredeemedtobefitforoccupationwhenthebuildingthereinissubstantiallycompleted.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。lTherewith:withthat.以此；此外。例句：TheEmployershallindemnifyandsaveharmlesstheContractoragainstandfromthesameandagainstandfromallclaims,proceedings,damages

8、,costs,chargesandexpenseswhatsoeverarisingthereoutorinconnectiontherewith.业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花费、费用，不论因本合同产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。lWhereby:bytheagreement;bythefollowingtermsandconditions,etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedbyandbetweenAACorporation（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA）andBBCom

9、pany（hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB）wherebythePartiesheretoagreetoenterintothecompensationtradeunderthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:本协议由AA公司（以下简称甲方）和BB公司（以下简称乙方）签订。双方同意按下列条款进行补偿贸易。（本句中省略未译）2. .WITNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore,NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS,KnowAllMenbythesepresents,InwitnessWhereof,InTest

10、imonyWhereof,Undersigned.WITHNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore用于英文合同前言部分，InwitnessWhereof用于合同结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。lInTestimonyWhereof:inWitnessWhereof.以此为证，特立此证。例句：InTestimonyWhereofwehaveheretosignedthisDocumenton（date）acceptedon（date）.我方于年月日签署本文件，并于一年月日接受该文件，特此为证。lNOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS:兹特立约为据，

11、本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。例句：NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESSthatitisherebyagreedbetweenthepartiesheretoasfollows:兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：lKNOWALLMENbythesepresents:根据本文件，特此宣布。（通常用于前言部例句：KNOWALLMENbythesepresentsthatwe（bank'sname）havingourregisteredofficeat（hereinaftercalled“theBank"）willbeboundunto（theO

12、wner'sname）（hereinaftercalled“theOwner"）inthesumofforpaymentwellandtrulytobemadetothesaidOwner,theBankwillbinditself,itssuccessorsandbetterassigneebythesepresents.根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称），其注册地点在（以下简称本银行）向（业主名称）（以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。lUndersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者，前面加定冠词the,是指文

13、件签署者的自称。例句：TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactioninaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsstipulatedasfollows:兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。3. .Notwithstanding:inspiteof,despite.即使，尽管。例1:Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionstothecontraryherein,insurancecoverageandlimitsshallbesubjec

14、ttoapprovalofalltheparties.即使有与本合同相悖的规定，保险范围和责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。例2:NotwithstandingArticle2.2,thepartiesmayagreetoextendtheExpirationdatetosuchdateasisreasonableinthecircumstancesifanyoftheconditionsprecedentreferredtoinArticle2.1isnotsatisfiedorwaivedonorbeforetheExpirationDate,anysuchagreementorwaivert

15、obeinwriting.尽管有本合同第二条第二款规定，如上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在合同期满日之前既未实现又未放弃，合同各方亦可根据具体情况，约定合理延长合同的期满日。4. As合同英语中as出现的频率极高，而且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲，as使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例：lAs放在代表规定的provide,stipulate,setforth,prescribe等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某规定”。例1:Forpurposeofthis,CapitalAccountshallbeadjustedhypotheticallyaspr

16、ovidedforinSection4.6herein.基于此，应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。例2:basedontheirrespectiveVentureinterestsassetforthinSection5.2hereof.基于本合同第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。l另有Exceptasotherwiseprovided结构，表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定“。例句：Exceptasotherwiseprovidedherein,allnoticesordemandssentbyregisteredairmailshallbedeemedreceived8daysaf

17、tertheyhavebeensentandnoticesordemandssentbytelexshallbedeemedreceivedatthetimeofthedispatchthereof.除非本合同另有规定，所有通知和请求以航空挂号信寄出则发出后8日应视为送达收悉，以电传方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。lAs构成asthecasemaybe（视具体情况而定）,asthecasemayrequire（视具体要求而定）和astheVenturersmaydetermine等短语。例句：TheVenturemayrelocateitsofficefromtimetotimeorhaveadd

18、itionalofficesastheVenturersmaydetermine.该合资公司视投资者决策，可随时迁址或增添营业场所。lAs构成asofthedateof（date）短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起“最正式的表达。例句：Inwitnesswhereof,thepartieshavecausedthisinstrumenttobedulyexecutedasofthedayandyearfirstabovewritten.合同双方签订本文件，该文件自以上书就日期即时生效，特此为证。lAs还用在assoonaspractical短语中，意义用法相当于assoonaspossib

19、le.例句：DuringtheEmploymentPeriod,theCompanyagreesthatitshallrecommendtotheBoardtheelectionoftheEmployeeasaDirectoroftheCompanyontheCommencementDateorassoonaspracticalthereafter.本公司同意在聘用期间，应自本协议开始或其后尽早的时间向董事会推选受聘方为本公司董事。As与such连用是英文合同中一大特色，参看本书第二章第三节部分，在此不在赘述。5. foregoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementio

20、ned,above-mentioned,inquestionlForegoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,above-mentioned族,一般放在名词前作限定，意为“前述的”或“上述的”，为避免重复已经提到的姓名或名称。例1:TheBankshallgivepromptwrittenortelexnoticetotheBorroweroftheInterestRateineffectfromtimetotimeinaccordancewiththeforegoingsentence.本银行将根据前述的句子以书面或电传形式随时及时通知借款方生效的利率。

21、例2:ThecontractshallbewritteninChineseandin.Bothlanguagediscrepancy between the twoversionsareequallyauthentic.Intheeventofany本合同应以中文和文书.通常表示“在考虑或讨论its obligations of theaforementionedversions,theChineseversionshallprevail.就，具同等法律效力。前述两种文本如有歧异，以中文文本为准。lInquestion;underconsideration;beingtalkabout中的”某

22、件事或某个问题，可译为“这”或“该”问题。例句：AllpricestobepaidbytheBuyerunderbuyback/counter-purchaseContractshallbetheworldmarketpricestakingintoaccounttheotherdeliverytermsforthegoodsinquestion.买方根据返销或回购货物合同的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格，结合考虑该货物的其他交货条件。6. follows,asbelow,thefollowing这一族都表示“下列"，一般放在动词后，而thefollowing作为“下列”在英文合同

23、中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的。NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows;为此，双方达成契约，约定如下：NOWTHEREFORE,itisherebyagreedasbelow.为此，双方约定如下：Nowtherefore,inconsiderationofthepremisesandcovenantsdescribedhereinafter,PartyAandPartyBagreeasfollows:兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：7. accordingto,under,su

24、bjectto,inaccordancewith,asper,asprovidedin,pursuantto,incompliancewith这一族都表示“依照，根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“accordingto”最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“inaccordancewith”最为常见。例如：Incasenosettlementcanbereached,thecasemaythenbesubmittedforarbitrationtoChinaInternationalEconomicAndTradeArbitrationCommissioninaccordancewiththe

25、provisionalRulesofProcedurespromulgatedbythesaidArbitrationCommission.如未能达成和解，该案件可提交中国国际贸易仲裁委员会根据该仲裁委员会颁布的仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。又如：APhotostatcopyoftheAcceptanceCertificateoftheContractPlantsignedbytherepresentativesofbothpartiesasperChapter9ofthepresentContract.该合同设备的验收证书的影印副本由双方代表按照该合同第九章签收。再如：BothPartiessh

26、alleachcontributetheirpaidincapitalincompliancewiththeitemsspecifiedintheappendixtotheContract.合同双方应按照本合同附件中载明的项目进行出资。8. Includingbutnotlimitedto与including,withoutlimitation以及includingbywayofillustrationbutnotlimitation英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时，就会用到这几个短语。例如：ThetimefortheperformanceoftheSeller'sobligations

27、setforthinthisContractshallbeautomaticallyextendedforaperiodequaltothedurationofanynonperformancearisingdirectlyorindirectlyfromForceMajeureeventsincludingbutnotlimitedtofire,flood,earthquake,typhoon,naturalcatastrophe,andallothercontingenciesandcircumstanceswhatsoeverbeyondtheSeller'sreasonable

28、controlpreventing,hinderingorinterferingwiththeperformancethereof.本合同规定卖方履行义务的时间应自动延长等同于由于直接或间接由于不可抗力事件导致的不能履行的期间。不可抗力事件包括但不限于火灾、洪水、地震、台风、自然灾害和卖方无论怎样也无法合理控制的阻止、妨碍、干扰本合同履行的其他风险和情形。9. priorto,nolaterthan,onorbefore,onandafterpriorto,onorbefore,nolaterthan,onorafter常用在英文合同中限定日期，priorto表示“某日之前，提前多少日“。on

29、orbefore,no(not)laterthan,表示“不迟于"，Onandafter表示“从某日起”。例如：PartyAshallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyordersorttocollectanyaccountonandafterSeptember20.自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。例如：Ourtermsarecashwithinthreemonths,i.e.onorbeforeMay1.我公司的条件是，3个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。例如：PartyBshallshipthegoodswithinonemonthoftheda

30、teofsigningthisContract,i.e.notlaterthanDecember.本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。例如：10-15dayspriortothedateofshipment,theBuyershallinformtheSellerbycableortelexofthecontractnumber,nameofvessel,ETAofvessel,quantitytobeloadedandthenameofshippingagent,soastoenabletheSellertocontacttheshippingagentdirec

31、tandarrangetheshipmentofthegoods.装运前10天至U15天，买方应以电报或电传方式通知卖方合同编号、装运船名，预计到达时间，装载数量和承运代理商名称，以便能使卖方直接联系承运代理商安排货物装运。此外，为限定时间更为明确，还常用inclusive>including和included,来限定含当日在内的时间。例如：ThiscreditexpirestillJanuary1(inclusive)fornegotiationinBeijing.(or:ThiscreditexpirestillandincludingJanuary1fornegotiationin

32、Beijing.)本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。如果不包括1月1日在内，则为tillandnotincludingJanuary1。10. .WithoutprejudicetoWithoutprejudiceto,常用于英文合同中，表示在“不损害某规定/情况下”。例如：TheBuyershallneverthelesshavetherighttocancelinpartorinwholeofthecontractwithoutprejudicetotheBuyer'srighttoclaimcompensations.不妨害买方索赔权，买方仍有权取消合同的部分或全部。11. At

33、tributableto,dueto,owingto,byvirtueof,inviewof,becauseof,onaccountof，considering,inconsiderationof这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”，其中dueto，owingto，becauseof较不正式，很少使用。国际商务合同古体词详解PartI:AdverbsinLawDocuments1 HerebyHereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis特此，因此，兹等意，常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。例1ThisContractishereby

34、madeandconcludedbyandbetweenCo.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)andCo.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)on(Date),in(Place),China,ontheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandthroughamicableconsultation.Chineseversionforreference:本合同双方，公司(以下称甲方)与公司(以下称乙方)，在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于年月日在中国(地点)，特签订本合同。例2ThePartiestothi

35、sContract,inthespiritoffriendlycooperation,herebysignedandconcludedthisContractinaccordancewiththefollowingtermsandconditions:Chineseversionforreference:双方本着友好合作的精神，特签订本合同，其条件如下：例3TheHousingAdministrationDepartmentofBeijingDiplomaticPersonnelServiceCompany(hereinaftertobereferredtoasPartyA)and(herei

36、naftertobereferredtoasPartyB)herebyenteredintoandconcludedthisLeaseContractasfollows:Chineseversionforreference:北京市外交人员服务公司房屋管理处(以下称甲方)与(以下称乙方)订立租赁合同如下：2 HereofHereof:ofthis关于此点，在本文件中。例1ForeigntradedealersasmentionedinthisLawshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionshereof,coversuchlegalentitiesandotherorg

37、anizationsasareengagedinforeigntradedealings.Notes:1) foreigntradedealers外贸经营者2) legalentities法人Chineseversionforreference:本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。例2If,asaresultofwithdrawaloranyotherreasons,anarbitratorfailstoperformhisdutiesasanarbitrator,anotherarbitratorshall,inaccordancewiththepr

38、ovisionshereof,beselectedorappointed.Chineseversionforreference:仲裁员因回避或者其他原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。例3TheAttachmentstothisContractshallbedeemedaparthereofandshallbeeffectiveasanyotherprovisionhereof.Notes:1) TheAttachmentstothisContract本合同的附件2) shallbedeemedaparthereof应被视为本合同的一部分3) anyotherprovis

39、ionshereof其他条款Chineseversionforreference:本合同的附件应被视为本合同的一部分，与其他条款有同样效力。3HeretoHereto:tothis至此，对此。例1ThisContractshallbeinduplicate,tobeheldbyeachofthePartiesheretoandshallhavetwocopieskeptbyeachofthePartiesheretofortherecord.Chineseversionforreference:本合同一式两份，合同双方各执一份，并各保留两份复印件，供双方存档。例2ThescopeofWorks

40、ofthisContractshallbespecifiedinsuchDrawingsandbillsofQuantitiesasareattachedhereto.Notes:1) ThescopeofWorks工程范围2) BillsofQuantities工程量表Chineseversionforreference:本合同工程范围应按所附的图纸及工程量表中规定的范围。例3IntheeventthatthereshallbenewlyincreaseditemsofWork,thePartiesheretoshallenterintoanagreementfortheunitpriceo

41、fsuchitems.Notes:1) Intheeventthat如果2) newlyincreaseditemsofWork新增加工程3) theunitpriceofsuchitems该项新增工程的单价Chineseversionforreference:如果需新增加工程，双方应另行协定该项新增工程的单价。4) HereinHerein:inthis此中，于此。例1Theterm“company"mentionedhereinreferstoalimitedliabilitycompanyoracompanylimitedbysharesestablishedwithinthe

42、territoryofChinainaccordancewiththisLaw.Notes:1) herein:inthisLaw在本法中2) thisLaw:CompanyLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国公司3) acompanyliabilitycompany有限责任公司4) acompanylimitedbyshares股份有限公司Chineseversionforreference:本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。例2Theterms"FOB","CFR"or

43、"CIF"shallbesubjecttotheaInternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms”(INCOTERMS,2000)providedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)unlessotherwisespecifiedherein(inthisContract).Chineseversionforreference:除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的国际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS)2000»办理。例3Thepr

44、ocedurescontainedhereinshallbefollowedbytheconcernedagenciesofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC),responsiblefortheimplementationoftheBank-supportedprojects.Notes:1) Theprocedurescontainedherein:本文件中规定的程序2) theconcernedagencies:有关机构3) theimplementationoftheBank-supportedprojects执行世界专艮行贷款项目theBank:th

45、eWorldBankChineseversionforreference:执行世界银行贷款项目的中华人民共和国各有关机构，均遵循本文所规定的程序。5HereinafterHereinafter:laterinthesameContract以下，在下文。一般与tobereferredtoas,referredtoas,called等词组连用，以避免重复。例1InaccordancewiththeLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonChinese-ForeignEquityJointVenturesandtheContractsignedbyandbetwee

46、nCo.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)andCO.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB),thearticlesofassociationherebyisformulatedandprepared.Notes:1) LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonChinese-ForeignEquityJointVentures:中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法2) articlesofassociation:合营公司章程(条款)Chineseversionforreference:根据中华人民共和国中外合资经

47、营企业法以及由公司(以下称甲方)与公司(以下称乙方)所订的合资经营的合同，特制订本公司章程。例2WhenexistingChinese-foreignequityjointventures,Chinese-foreigncooperativejointventuresandwhollyforeign-ownedenterprises(hereinafterreferredtoas“enterpriseswithforeigninvestment"applytoreorganizethemselvesintoacompany,theenterpriseswithforeigninves

48、tmentshallhavearecordofmakingprofitsfortherecentthreeconsecutiveyears.Notes:1) Chinese-foreignequityjointventures:中夕卜合资经营企业2) Chinese-foreigncooperativejointventures:中夕卜合作经营企业3) foreign-ownedenterprises:夕卜资企业Chineseversionforreference:已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业(以下简称外商投资企业)，如申请转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利记录。例3

49、ThefollowingwordsandexpressionsintheContract(ashereinafterdefined)1shallhavethemeaningsherebyassignedtothem,exceptwheretheContractotherwiserequires2.Notes:1) exceptwheretheContractotherwiserequires:除根据合同另有要求者夕卜Chineseversionforreference:以下合同(如下文定义)1中的用语和用词,除根据合同另有要求者外2,应具有下述所赋予它们的涵义。36ThereinTherein

50、:inthat;inthatparticularcontext;inthatrespect.在刃B里；在刃B点上，在那方面。例1“TemporaryWorks"meansalltemporaryworksofeverykind(otherthantheContractor'sEquipment)requiredinorabouttheexecutionandcompletionoftheWorksandtheremedyingofanydefectstherein.Chineseversionforreference:临时工程是指在工程施工、竣工和修补工程中任何缺陷时需要或与

51、上述工程阶段有关的所有各种临时工程，但承包人的设备除外。例2AcertificateoftheBorrowershall,substantially,complywiththeformsetforthinAppendix4,andtheattachmentsspecifiedtherein.Chineseversionforreference:借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。例3TheContractorshall,withduecareanddiligence,design(totheextentprovidedforbytheContract),execut

52、eandcompletetheWorksandremedyanydefectsthereinundertheprovisionsoftheContract.Chineseversionforreference:、施工承包人应根据合同的各项规定，以应有的细心和勤勉，设计（在合同规定的范围内）和完成工程，并修补工程中缺陷。7ThereofThereof:ofthat,ofit它的，其。例1Theheadingsandmarginalnotesintheseconditionsshallnotbedeemedpartthereoforbetakenintoconsiderationintheinte

53、rpretationorconstructionthereofoftheContract.Notes:1） headings:标题2） marginalnotes:旁注3） deem:consider视为，认为4） ）construction:interpretation解释Chineseversionforreference:合同条件（条款）中的标题及旁注不应视为条件（条款）的一部分，在合同条件（条款）或合同本身的解释中也不应加以考虑。例2Arbitration:AlldisputesinconnectionwiththeContractorarisingintheexecutionther

54、eofshallfirstbesettledamicablybynegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereached,thecaseunderdisputemaythenbesubmittedforarbitration.Chineseversionforreference:凡有关该合同或因执行该合同而发生的一切争执，双方应以友好的方式协商解决，如协商不能解决，可提交仲裁。例3“TimeforCompletion”meansthetimeforcompletingtheexecutionofandpassingtheTestonCompletionoftheWo

55、rksoranysectionorpartthereofasstatedintheContract（orasextendedunderClause44）calculatedfromtheCommencementDate.Notes:1） TimeforCompletion:竣工时间2） TestonCompletionoftheWorks:竣工验收（检验）3） CommencementDate：开工日Chineseversionforreference:“竣工时间”指合同规定从工程开工日期算起（或按第44条延长工期）到工程或其任何部分或区段施工结束并且通过竣工检验的时间。8 Thereafte

56、rThereafter:afterthat此后例1TheContractorshall,duringtheexecutionoftheWorksandthereafter,provideallnecessarysuperintendenceaslongastheEngineermayconsidernecessaryfortheproperfulfillingoftheContractorsobligationsundertheaCcto.ntrChineseversionforreference:承包人应在工程施工期间及只要工程师认为是为正确履行合同规定的承包人义务所必需时，其后，提供一切必

57、要的监督。9 TheretoThereto:tothat向那里例1“ContractProducts”meanstheproductsspecifiedinAppendix2tothisContract,togetherwithallimprovementandmodificationsthereofordevelopmentswithrespectthereto.Chineseversionforreference:“合同产品”，系指本合同附件2中规定的产品及其改进发展的产品。10TherewithTherewith:withthat以此；此外例1TheContractorshallbedeemedtohaveinspectedandexaminedtheSiteanditssurroundingsandinformationavailableinconnectiontherewithandtohavesatisfiedhimselfChineseversionforreference:承包人应被视为对现场、其周围环境及其有关可利用的资料已进行了视察和考察。PartII.Terminology1 WhereasWhereas:consideringthat鉴于，就而论（法律用语）例1WhereasthefirstPartyisw