初中英语知识整理

1、句型1：Therebe 主语地点状语时间状语There's a boat in the river河里有条船。There are seven days in a week一周有七天。句型2：What's wrong withsbsth？What's wrong with you？你怎么啦？What's wrong with your watch？你的手表有什么毛病？句型3：How do you like？How do you like China？你觉得中国怎么样？句型4：What do you like about？What do you like about

2、 China？你喜欢中国的什么？句型5：had better（not）动词原形You'd better ask that policeman over there你最好去问问那边的那个警察。句型6：Howadjadv主语谓语！What aanadjn主语谓语！How cold it is today ！今天多冷啊！What a fine picture it is！多美的一幅图画呀！句型7：Thanksbfor（doing）sthThank you for coming to see me感谢你来看我。句型8：Sobe情态动词助动词主语He is a studentSo am I他是一

3、个学生，我也是。句型9：notuntilHe didn't have supper until his parents came back直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。句型10：比较级and比较级The baby cried harder and harder那孩子哭得越来越厉害。句型11：the 比较级，the 比较级The more one has，the more one wants越有越贪。句型12：asadjadvasnot as（so）adjadvasDo you think that art is as important as music？你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗？Las

4、t Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。句型13：morelessadjthanI think English is more useful than Japanese我认为英语比日语有用。I think art is less important than music我认为艺术不如音乐重要。句型14：stopfrom doing sthThe Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。句型

5、15：bothandBoth you and I are students我和你都是学生。句型16：eitherorEither you or he is wrong 不是你错就是他错。句型17：neithernorNeither he nor I am a student我和他都不是学生。句型18：as soon asAs soon as I see him，I'll give him the message我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。句型19：soadjadvthatI was so tired that I didn't want to speak我累得连话也不想说

6、了。句型20：Though主句Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。句型 21：be going toThis afternoon I'm going to buy an English book今天下午我要去买本英语书。句型 22：be different fromI think this is different from Chinese names我认为这与汉语名字不同。句型 23：Welcome（back）toWelcome to Shenyang！欢

7、迎到沈阳来！Welcome back to school！欢迎回到学校！句型 24：have fun doingWe're going to have fun learning and speaking English this term这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。句型 25：because，soI don't know all your names because this is our first lesson因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。he was ill，so she didn't go to school她生病了，因此没有上

8、学。句型 26：Why don't you？Why not？Why don't you come to school a little earlier？为什么不早点到校呢？Why not join us？为什么不加入我们？句型 27：make itLet's make it half past nine让我们定在九点半吧！句型 28：have nothing to doThey have nothing to do every day他们每天无所事事。句型 29：be surebe sure ofabout sthbe sure to do sbI think so，b

9、ut I'm not sure我想是这样，但不敢确定。I was not sure ofabout the way，so I asked someone我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。It's sure to rain必定会下雨。句型 30：betweenandThere is a shop between the hospital and the school在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。句型 31：keep sbsthadjV-ing介词补语advYou must keep your classroom clean你们必须保持教室干净。Sorry to have

10、 kept you waiting对不起，让你久等。Can you keep him in the room ？你能让他在这个房里吗？Keep them here让他们在这儿呆着。句型 32：find 宾语宾补He finds it very hard to travel around the big city 他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。句型 33：notanymorelongerThe old man doesn't travel any more这位老人不再旅行了。He isn't a thief any longer他不再是个贼。句型 34：What's t

11、he weather like？What's the weather like in spring in your hometown ？在你们家乡春天天气怎么样？句型 35：There is no time to dohave no time to doThere was no time to think没有时间思考。I have no time to go home for lunch我没有时间回家吃午饭。句型 36：Help oneself toHelp yourself to some fish吃鱼吧！句型 37：used to doI used to read this kin

12、d of story books我过去常读这种故事书。句型 38：borrow fromI borrowed a book from him我从他那借了一本书。句型 39：lend sbsthlend sthto sbHe lent me a story bookHe lent a story book to me他借了本故事书给我。句型 40：have been toHave you ever been to Haw aii？你曾去过夏威夷吗？句型41：have gone toWhere's he？He's gone to Washington他在哪儿？他去华盛顿了。句型42

13、：be famous forHawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型43：No matter 疑问句主句No matter when you come，you are welcomed无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。句型44：be afraid（oftodothat）I'm afraid not恐怕不能。Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。He's afraid to go out at nigh

14、t晚上他不敢出去。I'm afraid that he can't come here tomorrow恐怕他明天不能来这儿。句型45：asas possibleasas sbcanI hope to see him as soon as possible我希望能尽快见到他。He ran here as fast as he could他尽最大努力跑到这儿。句型46：practiseenjoyfinish doingA young man practised speaking English with Mr Green一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。Tom enjoys pla

15、ying football very much汤姆很喜欢踢足球。He finished reading the story book他看完了那本故事书。句型47：It's said thatIt's said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。句型48：Not alleveryoneNot all sharks are alike并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。Not everyone likes dumplings并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。句型49：be based

16、onHis argument is based on facts他的论断是以事实为根据的。句型50：so thatPut the tree in the hole so that it is straight把树放入洞穴中，让它立直。句型51：benummetreskilometresyearslongwidedeephigholdThe Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long绿色长城长7000公里。The river is about 2 metres deep这条河大约有2米深。The boy is about 12 years old 这个男孩

17、约12岁。句型52：keepfrom doingThe heavy rain kept us from starting out大雨阻止了我们出发。句型53：with one's helpWith Tom's help，I've come to America to study further在汤姆的帮助下，我来到美国深造。句型54：I don't thinkI don't think any of them is interesting我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。句型55：What's the population of？What's

18、the population of Germany ？德国的人口有多少？句型56：prefer to dorather than doThey prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it他们更喜欢买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它。句型57：be worth（doing）This book is worth reading这本书值得读。句型58：regard asThey regarded their pets as members of their families他们把宠物视为家庭成员。句型59：be confident ofI'm conf

19、ident of success我确信会成功。句型60：seem to doseem adj（介词短语）He seems to be angry他似乎生气了。The house seems too noisy这房子似乎太吵了。句型61：be angry with about at（doing）We're all very angry with ourselves我们都很生自己的气。I was angry about his decision to build a factory here我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。I was angry at being kept waiting这样

20、一直等我很生气。句型62：pay forpay forHe paid for the book and went away他付完书款便离开了。I paid him 200 for the painting买这幅画我付了他200英镑。51. 看起来像是似乎/好像 (sb./sth.) seems to do sth.= It seems that +从句 It _ _ he feels very sad . = He _ _ _ very sad . She seems to want to have a drink . = _ _ that she _ to have a drink .52.

21、 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 。 I will show you where you should go . = I will show you _ _ _ . I dont know what to do . = I dont know what _ .A should I do B I should do Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ?= Could you tell me how _ _ _ Summer Palace ? 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell m

22、e _ _ _ _ (天气如何)in Chongqi ?53. 问题question、难题 problem的区别。 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用；problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out 搭配。 Please answer my _ in English . I cant work out this maths _. This is a difficult _ to answer .54. family、home、house的区别。family家/家庭(强调家庭成员，与居住的房

23、子无关)My family are kind people .home 家(指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩)Welcome to my home .house 房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)They moved to their new house last year . How many people are there in your _? I want to save money and buy a big _ . I love Chengdu , I looked Chengdu as my _ .55. in front of 和in the front of的区别。

24、in front of (在前面) 在某一范围以外的前面There is a tall tree in front of our classroom .in the front of (在前部) 在某一范围内的前面Two persons are sitting in the front of the car . The policeman stands _ the car . The driver sits _ the car .56. 在晚上，在夜里 at nighton + a + adj + night You shouldnt go out _ night . He met a thi

25、ef _ a cold night .57. 在之间between (两者之间)多与and连用；among(三者或三者以上的人或物之间) She is sitting _ Lucy and Lily . He built a house _ the trees .58. sometimes、 some times、sometime、some time的区别。sometimes 不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)Sometimes I go to school by bus .some times 几次(此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”)He has been to Sh

26、anghai some times .sometime 某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候) I saw him sometime last year .some time 一段时间(此时time是不可数名词) He will stay here for some time . We are going to have a party _ next week . _ the boy is late for school . He spent _ in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus . Li Jun has been to Birds Nes

27、t _ .59. wear、put on、be in、dress的区别。wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)Kate puts on her hat and goes out .be in + 颜色/服饰(强调状态)The girl in red is my sister .dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) She dresses her daughter every morning . Youd better _ your coat

28、. She was _ a flower in her hair . The boy _ white is my friend . He is too young to _ himself . Miss Li often _ the white sports shoes . dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物(穿着颜色的衣服)He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。 60. play + 球类、棋类名词(不加the )eg:play badminton / play chess / play computer gamespl

29、ay the +乐器名词。(必须加the)eg:play the violin - Do you like to play _ football after class , Li Lei ?- Yes ,I do .A .a B .the C . / Sam cant play _ (piano), but he can play _ (chess) .61. There be 强调“某处有”have 强调“某人有” _ two computers in the room . My uncle _ a car . 当表示整体与局部的关系时，there be与have可互换使用。如：There

30、are twelve months in a year .= A year has twelve months . 一年有十二个月。62. speak、say、talk、tell的区别。speak 指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。say强调说的内容。say sth .to sb .Please say hello to him .talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to / with sb表示与某人交谈，talk about sb / sth 表示“谈论某人 / 某事”。 She is talking with her boss .tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语

31、或复合宾语：tell sb .sth. Please tell me the time .tell sb (not) . to do sth . She told me to wait for her . tell可以和lie , story 搭配。如: tell a lie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth . From his face we could see that he was _ a lie . She is _ at the meeting . Fangfang _ she is at home . They are _ a

32、bout the weather . He cant _ it in French , but he can _ English .63. if引导条件状语从句 真实条件状语从句 主句是将来时，从句用现在时代替将来。虚拟条件状语从句 虚拟语气 If I _ (be) a bird , I would _ (fly) in the sky . If it _ (not) rain ,We will climb the hill . If I _ (win) a million dollars , I would _ (travel) around the world . If he _ (stu

33、dy) hard , he will get good grades .64. 找 ：look for寻找（强调动作）；find找到（强调结果）看： look (at)看 （强调动作）；see看见（强调结果）听： listen (to)听（强调动作）； hear听见（强调结果）look for / find I am _ my watch , but I cant _ it anywhere .look at / see Please _ your books , boys and girls . _ ! What a playful monkey it is !liste

34、n to / hear Dont shout ! I can _ you . Ann likes _ music with her friends on weekends .65. ago 副词，“以前”,一段时间后接ago。before“以前”，可以用在现在完成时的句子中，还可以是连词，“在以前”。 I have never been there _ . Please call me _ you go . My brother joined the army two years _ . Long long _ , There was seven dwarfs(小矮人)in the fores

35、t .66. 别的，其他的other 修饰名词，用于名词前。What other animals do you like ?else修饰不定代词/疑问代词/疑问副词，放它们的后面。What else do you have to do ?Youd better ask some _ people . There is nothing _ on the desk .67. every day 每天，作状语。everyday日常的，作定语。 We go to school at 7:00 _ . Whats your _ activity ?68. happen 主要指偶然发生的事take pla

36、ce 表示预先决定的事 happen 和take place都不用于被动语态 A traffic accident _ yesterday . The May Fourth Movement (五四运动) _ in 1919 .69. one the other 一个另一个some others 一些另一些 (另一些并不包括全部)some the others一些其他的(其他的包括剩下的全部) I have two brothers, _ is a teacher , _ is a doctor . _ students are in the classroom , _ are out . A

37、t the party , _ are dancing , _ are singing70. be alive 作后置定语；living + n. 作前置定语。The old man is a great and _ scientist .He is still _ .71. on ones + 序数词 + birthday (在某人几岁生日时)in ones + 整十的基数词的复数 (在某人几十多岁时) Edison invented many things in his _ (twenty) . On my _ (twenty) birthday . I got a new mobile

38、phone .72. till = until (直到)“延续性动词(肯定式)+ until”译为“直到为止”“瞬间性动词/延续性动词的否定式not + until”译为“直到才” He waited until ten oclock .翻译：_ He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work . 翻译：_73. 疑问句+ ever = no matter + 疑问句，引导让步状语从句：whatever = no matter what (无论什么)whenever = no matter when (无论何时)whoever = no ma

39、tter who (无论谁)wherever = no matter where (无论在哪里)however = no matter how(无论如何)74. 数词 - 名词 - (形容词) 复合形容词作定语数词 + 名词复数 He is a two-year-old boy . = The boy is two _ old . Look ! This is a _ buildings .A 70-floors B 70-floor C 70 floors We have _ (两天) holiday . Twelve-year-olds should be allowed to choos

40、e their own clothes . Twelve-year-olds 表示一类人。(12岁的人)75. agree with sb .同意某人的意见 I dont agree with you .agree to sth .同意某人的建议/办法/计划等 He agreed to my plan .76. believe 表示相信某人的话 I believe you .= I believe that you say .believe in表示信任，相信···的存在 I believe ib that man . / Believe in God .相信上帝

41、的存在。77. run out不及物动词短语，指物用完，用光。 My money has run out .run out of及物动词短语，指人用完，用光了物 I have run out of my money .78. maybe = perhaps或许/可能.副词，在句中作状语。 Maybe he will come here tomorrow .may be 或许/可能,may是情态动词，在句中作谓语 He may be from the USA ,too . maybe 和may be 可以互换：Maybe you are right . =You may be right .79

42、. fist = first of all 第一，首先。强调事情发展的顺序。 First I had to decide what to wear .at first = at the beginning 起初，起先。表示一件事情的开始阶段 I didnt like this job at first .80. 表示时间的介词in 表示一段时间或较长时间 in the morning / afternoon / evening in May ,2010on 指在星期/具体某一天或特指某一天的上/下/晚上 on Monday /on Childrens day /on Monday afternoon / on school nightsat 表示点时间或较短的时间 at 8:00 / at noon / at night81. must (必须)表示说话人的主观意图和需求 I have something to do , I must go now .have to(不得不，必须)表示客观需要Its your turn to clean the classroom . You have to do it . mu