常见的商务英语单词

1、economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics农村经济liberal economy经济mixed economy混合经济political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分 ,私营部门 public sect

2、or 公共部门 ,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic

3、 situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准 ,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞 , 萧条 ,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中initialcapital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,working

4、capital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgoods资本货物reserve准备金,储备金callingupofcapital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行cu

5、rrentaccount经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-accountholder支票帐户(美作:checking-accountholder)cheque支票(美作:check)bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票traveller'scheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusine

6、ss,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,note钞票,纸币(美作:bill)topay(in)cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexchange外汇floatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货speculation投机saving储

7、装,存款depreciation减价,贬值devaluation（货币）贬值revaluation重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capitalflight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchange贡市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所stockexchange证券交易所,贡交易所quotation报价,牌价share股份,贡shareholder,stockholder贡持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment贡投资inv

8、estmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber贡经纪人stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行贡parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,deb

9、enture债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidat

10、eddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付

11、redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用expenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses营业费用run

12、ningexpenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts杂项费用overheadexpenses间接费用,管理费用upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transportcosts运输费用socialcharges社会负担费用contingentexpenses,contingencies或有费用apportionmentofexpenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额neti

13、ncome纯收益,净收入,收益净额averageincome平均收入nationalincome国收入profitability,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,升值duty税taxationsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fiscalcharges财务税收progressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税valueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税landtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisofassessment估

14、税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的taxexemption免税taxpayer纳税人taxcollector收税员ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,C.C.P.I.T.中国国际贸易促进委员会NationalCouncilforUS-ChinaTrade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-ChinaEconomicAssociation日中经济协会AssociationforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,Japan日本国际贸易促进会BritishCou

15、ncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade英国国际贸易促进委员会InternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance国际海洋运输保险协会InternationalAluminaAssociation国际铝矾土协会UniversalPostalUnion,UPU万国邮政联盟CustomsCo-operationCouncil,CCC关税合作理事会UnitedNationsTradeandDevelopmentBoard联合国贸易与发展理事会OrganizationforEco

16、nomiccooperationandDevelopment,DECD经济合作与开发组织EuropeanEconomicCommunity,EEC,EuropeanCommonMarket欧洲经济共同体EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,EFTA欧洲贸易联盟EuropeanFreeTradeArea,EFTA欧洲贸易区CouncilforMutualEconomicAid,CMEA经济互助委员会Eurogroup欧洲集团GroupofTen十国集团CommitteeofTwenty(ParisClub)二十国委员会CoordinatingCommittee,COCOM巴黎

17、统筹委员会CaribbeanCommonMarket,CCM,CaribbeanFree-TradeAssociation,CARIFTA加勒比共同市场(加勒比贸易同盟)AndeansCommonMarket,ACM,AndeansTreatyOrganization,ATO安第斯共同市场LatinAmericanFreeTradeAssociation,LAFTA拉丁美洲贸易联盟CentralAmericanCommonMarket,CACM中美洲共同市场AfricanandMalagasyCommonOrganization,OCAM非洲与马尔加什共同组织EastAfricanCommon

18、Market,EACM东非共同市场CentralAfricanCustomsandEconomicUnion,CEUCA中非关税经济同盟WestAfricanEconomicCommunity,WAEC西非经济共同体OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries,OPEC石油输出国组织OrganizationofArabPetroleumExportingCountries,OAPEC阿拉伯石油输出国组织CommonwealthPreferenceArea英联邦特惠区CentreNationalduCommerceExterieur,NationalC

19、enterofExternalTrade法国对外贸易中心People'sBankofChina中国人银行BankofChina中国银行InternationalBankforReconstructionanddevelopment,IBRD国际复兴开发银行WorldBank世界银行InternationalDevelopmentassociation,IDA国际开发协会InternationalMonetaryFoundAgreement国际货币基金协定InternationalMonetaryFound,IMF国际货币基金组织EuropeanEconomicandMonetaryUn

20、ion欧洲经济与货币同盟EuropeanMonetaryCooperationFund欧洲货币合作基金BankforInternationalSettlements,BIS国际结算银行AfricanDevelopmentBank,AFDB非洲开发银行Export-ImportBankofWashington美国进出口银行NationalcityBankofNewYork花旗银行AmericanOrientalBankingCorporation美丰银行AmericanExpressCo.Inc.美国万国宝通银行TheChaseBank大通银行Inter-AmericanDevelopmentB

21、ank,IDB泛美开发银行EuropeanInvestmentBank,EIB欧洲投资银行MidlandBank,Ltd.米兰银行UnitedBankofSwitzerland瑞士联合银行DresdenBankA.G.德累斯敦银行BankofTokyo,Ltd.东京银行HongkongandShanghaiCorporation香港汇丰银行InternationalFinanceCorporation,IFC国际金融公司LaCommunauteFinancieveAfricane非洲金融共同体EconomicandSocialCouncil,ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会UnitedNat

22、ionsDevelopmentProgram,NUDP联合国开发计划署UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund,UNCDF联合国资本开发基金UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization,UNIDO联合国工业发展组织UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,UNCTAD联合国贸易与发展会议FoodandAgriculturalOrganization,FAO粮食与农业组织,粮农组织EconomicCommissionforEurope,ECE欧洲经济委员会Economic

23、CommissionforLatinAmerica,ECLA拉丁美洲经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAsiaandFarEast,ECAFE亚洲及远东经济委员会EconomicCommissionforWesternAsia,ECWA西亚经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAfrica,ECA非洲经济委员会OverseasChineseInvestmentCompany华侨投资公司NewYorkStockExchange,NYSE纽约证券交易所LondonStockMarket伦敦贡市场BalticMercantileandShippingExchange波

24、罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction,education教育culture文化primaryeducation初等教育secondaryeducation中等教育highereducation高等教育thethreeR's读、写、算schoolyear学年term,trimester学季semester学期schoolday教学日schoolholidays假期curriculum课程subject学科discipline纪律timetable课程表class,lesson课homework家庭作业exercise练习dictation听写spellingmistake拼写错误

25、（short）course短训班seminar研讨班playtime,break课间,休息toplaytruant,toplayhooky逃学,旷课course（ofstudy）学业studentbody学生（总称）classmate,schoolmate同学pupil小学生student大学生schoolboy男生schoolgirl女生auditor旁听生swot,grind用的学生oldboy老生grant,scholarship,fellowship奖学金holderofagrant,scholar,fellow奖学金获得者schooluniform校服teachingstaff教育工

26、作者（总称）teachers教师（总称）primaryschoolteacher小学老师teacherlecturer大学老师professor教授schooling教授,授课assistant助教headmaster校长（女性为:headmistress）deputyheadmaster,deputyhead副校长rector校长dean教务长laboratoryassistant,labassistant实验员beadle,porter门房,学校工友gamesmaster,gymteacher,gyminstructor体育教师privatetutor私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue文

27、学教师（蔑称）ofschoolage教龄beginningofterm开学matriculation注册toenroll,toenroll予以注册totakelessons（学生）上课toteach（老师）上课tostudy学习tolearnbyheart记住,掌握torevise,togoover复习physics物理test考试physicalgeography地球物理totest考试literature文学totakeanexamination,tositanexamination,tosociology社会学doanexamination参加考试psycology心理学convocat

28、ionnotice考试通知philosophy哲学examiner考试者engineering工程学boardofexaminers考试团mechanicalengineering机械工程学examinationoral,writtenexamination口试,笔试electronicengineering电子工程学question问题medicine医学questionpaper试卷socialscience社会科学crib夹带(美作:trot)agriculture农学topassanexamination(或exam),通过考试astronomy天文学pass,passinggrade

29、升级economics经济学prizegiving分配奖品politics政治学tofallanexamination未通过考试commercialscience商学failure未考好biochemistry生物化学torepeatayear留级anthropology人类学degree学位linguistics语言学graduate毕业生accounting会计学tograduate毕业law,jurisprdence法学project,thesis毕业论文banking银行学GeneralCertificateofEducation中学毕业证书metallurgy冶金学(美作:highs

30、chooldiploma)finance财政学holderoftheGeneralCertificateofEducation中mass-communication大众传播学学毕业生(美作:holderofahighschooldiploma)journalism新闻学doctorate博士学位atomicenergy原子能学doctor博士civilengineering土木工程competitiveexamination答辩考试architecture建筑学chemical,engineering化学工程accountingandstatisics会计统计businessadministr

31、ation工商管理Chinese语文library图书馆学English英语diplomacy外交Japanese日语foreignlanguage外文mathematics数学botany植物science理科major主修gymnastics体育history历史algebra代数geometry几何minor辅修geography地理school学校biology生物kindergarten幼儿园chemistry化学infantschool幼儿学校primaryschool,juniorschool小学secondaryschool中学highschool,secondaryschoo

32、l专科学校businessschool商业学校technicalschool工业学校technicalcollege专科学校(university)campus大学university大学boardingschool供膳宿的学校dayschool日校，无宿舍学校，走读学校daystudentwhohaslunchatschool提供午餐的走读学生academy专科学院faculty系hallofresidence学校公寓classroom教室lecturetheatre阅览室(美作:lecturetheater)amphitheatre阶梯教室(美作:amphitheater)staffroo

33、m教研室headmaster'sstudy,headmaster'soffice校长力、公室(assembly)hall礼堂library图书馆playground操场desk课桌blackboard黑板(apieceof)chalk粉笔slatepencil石板笔wallmap挂图skeletonmap廓图，示意图globe地球仪textbook课本dictionary词典encyclopedia百科全书atlas地图集satchel书包exercisebook练习本roughnotbook草稿本(美作:scribblingpad)blottingpaper吸墨纸tracin

34、gpaper描图纸squaredpaper,graphpaper坐标纸(fountain)pen自来水笔biro,ballpoint(pen)圆珠笔pencil铅笔propellingpencil自动铅笔pencilsharpener铅笔刀，转笔刀ink墨水inkwell墨水池rubber,eraser橡皮ruler,rule尺sliderule计算尺setsquare三角板protractor量角器compass,pairofcompasses圆规MinistryofLabour劳工部(美作epartmentofLabor)labourmarket劳工市场，劳务市场Labourexchang

35、e,Employmentexchange职业介绍所(美作:EmploymentBureau)labourmanagement职业介绍经纪人fullemployment整日制工作tobepaidbythehour按小时付酬seasonalwork季节工作pieceworkwork计件工作timeworkwork计时工作teamworkwork联合工作shiftwork换班工作assemblylinework组装线工作(美作:serialproduction)workshop车间handicrafts,crafts手艺,技艺trade,craft行当profession,occupation职务e

36、mployment,job工作situation,post位置job一件工作vacancy空缺，空额workpermit工作许可证toapplyforajob求职，找工作application(forajob)求职toengage,toemploy雇用workcontract劳务合同industrialaccident劳动事故occupationaldisease职业病vocationalguidance职业指导vocationaltraining职业训练retraining,reorientation,rehabilitation再训练,再培训holidays,holiday,vacatio

37、n假期association,society,union协会emigration移，移居employer雇主，老板shopsteward（工厂的）工会代表（美作:uniondelegate）delegate代表representative代表workscouncil劳资联合委员会labourcosts,labourinput劳力成本fluctuationoflabour劳力波动（美作J%labor）worker工作者permanentworker长期工，固定工personnel,staff人员employee职员clerk,officeworker办公室人员salaryearner雇佣工人wo

38、rkman工人organizedlabour参力口工会的工人skilledworker技术工人unskilledworker非技术工人specializedworker熟练工人farmworker农场工人labourerworker农业工人daylabourer日工seasonalworker季节工collaborator合作者foreman工头trainee,apprentice学徒工apprenticeship学徒artisan,craftsman工匠specialist专家nightshift夜班shortageoflabour,shortageofmanpower缺乏劳力working

39、class工人阶级proletarian无产者proletariat无产阶级tradeunion工会（美作：laborunion）tradeunionist工团主义者tradeunionism工团主义labourlaw劳工法workingday,workday工作日full-timeemployment,full-timejob,full-timework全天工作part-timeemployment,part-timejob,part-timework半日工作workinghours工作时间overtime业余时间remuneration报_酬pay,wage,salary工资wageind

40、ex工资指数minimumwage最低工资basicwage基础工资grosswages全部收入net,realwages实际收入hourlywages,wagerateperhour计时工资monthlywages月工资weeklywages周工资pieceworkwage计件工资maximumwage最高工资（美作:wageceiling）slidingscale按物价计酬法paymentinkind用实物付酬dailywages日工资premium,bonus,extrapay奖励payday发工资日，付薪日payslip工资单payroll薪水册unemploymentbenefit失

41、业救济old-agepension退休金，养老金collectiveagreement工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement退休guild行会，同会，公会simultaneous同时译员publisher出版人员claims要求graphicdesigner美术设计员strike罢工deliveryboy送报员striker罢工者secretary秘书go-slow怠工（美作:slow-down）policeman警察lockout停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）journalist记者staggeredstrike阶段性罢工editor编辑strikepicket罢工纠察队员

42、interpreter通译者strikepay罢工津贴（由工会给的）director导演strikebreaker,blackleg破坏罢工者talent星探downtools,sit-downstrike静坐actor男演员demonstration,manifestation示威actress女演员sanction制裁photographer摄影师unemployment失业scholar学者seasonalunemployment季节性失业translator翻译家underemployment不充分就业novelist小说家unemployedman失业者（个人）playwright剧

43、作家theunemployed失业者（集体）linguist语言学家todischarge,todismiss辞退,开除,解雇botanist植物学家dismissal开除,解雇economist经济学家toterminateacontract结束合同,结束契约chemist化学家negotiation谈判scientist科学家collectivebargaining劳资双方就工资等问题谈判philosopher哲学家politician政治学家physicist物理学家astropologist人类学家receptionist接待员archaeologist考古学家typist打字员geo

44、logist地质学家keypuncher电脑操作员expertonfolklore俗学家stenographer速记员mathematician数学家telephoneoperator电话接线员biologist生物学家programmer电脑程序员zoologist动物学家systemanalyst系统分析员statistician统计学家shorthandtypist速记打字员physiologist生理学家officegirl女记事员futurologist未来学家publicservants公务员artists艺术家nationalpublicservant国家公务员painter画家

45、localpublicserviceemployee地方公务员musician音乐家nationrailroadman国营铁路职员composer作曲家tracer绘图员singer歌唱家illustrator汇稿员designer设计家saleswoman女店员sculptor雕刻家pilot驾驶员designer服装设计师nurse 护士fashioncoordinator时装调配师dressmaker女装裁剪师cutter裁剪师sewer裁缝师tailor西装师傅beautician美容师model模特ballerina芭蕾舞星detective刑警chiefofpolice警察局长ta

46、xidriver出租车司机clerk店员mailman邮差newspaperboy报童bootblack擦鞋童poet诗人copywriter撰稿人producer制片人newscaster新闻评论人milkman送奶人merchant商人florist卖花人baker面包师greengrocer菜贩fish-monger鱼贩butcher肉贩shoe-maker鞋匠saleswoman女店员stewardess空中小姐conductor车掌stationagent站长porter行李夫carmechanic汽车修理师architect建筑师civilplanner城市设计师civilengi

47、neer土木技师druggist,chemist,pharmacist药剂师guide导游oilsupplier加油工(public)healthnurse保健护士dentist牙科医生supervisor监工forman工头doctor医生宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchangerate紧缩信贷tightencreditcreation私营部门privatesector财政管理机构fiscalauthorities宽松的财政政策slackfiscalpolicy税法taxbil

48、l财政publicfinance财政部theMinistryofFinance平衡预算balancedbudget继承税inheritancetax货币主义者monetariest增值税VAT(valueaddedtax)收入revenue总需求aggregatedemand货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessionaperiodwhentheeconomyofacountryisnotsuccessful,businessconditionsarebad,industrialproductionandtradeareatalowlevelandthereis

49、alotofunemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型costpush货币供应moneysupply生产率productivity劳动力laborforce实际工资realwages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-pushinflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pullinflation双位数通货膨胀double-digitinflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronicinflation治理通货膨胀tofightinflation最终目标ultimategoal坏的影响adverseeffect担保ensure贴

50、现discount萧条的sluggish认购subscribeto支票帐户checkingaccount货币控制工具instrumentsofmonetrycontrol借据IOUs（Ioweyou）本票promissorynotes货币总监controllerofthecurrency拖收系统collectionsystem支票清算或结算checkclearing资金划拨transferoffunds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟MonetaryUnion再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务m

51、embershipcriteria汇率机制REM储备货币reservecurrency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bullmarket非凡的牛市aragingbull规模经济scaleeconomcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-askspreads期货（贡）futures经济商行brokeragefirm回报率rateofreturn贡equities违约default现金外流cashdrains经济人佣金brokeragefee存款单CD（certificateofdeposit营业额turnover资本市场capita

52、lmarket布雷顿森林体系TheBrettonWoodsSystem经常帐户currentaccount套利者arbitrager远期汇率forwardexchangerate即期汇率spotrate实际利率realinterestrates货币政策工具toolsofmonetarypolicy银行倒闭bankfailures跨国公司MNC（Multi-NationalCorporation）商业银行commercialbank商业票据comercialpaper利润profit本票，期票promissorynotes监督tomonitor佣金（经济人）commissionbrokers套期

53、保值hedge有价证券平衡理论portfoliobalancetheory外汇储备foreignexchangereserves固定汇率fixedexchangerate浮动汇率floating/flexibleexchangerate货币选择权（期货）currencyoption套利arbitragedeal普通贡 common stock合约价exerciseprice远期升水forwardpremium多头买升buyinglong空头卖跌sellingshort按市价订购贡marketorder贡经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金theIMF七国集团theG-7监督surveill

54、ance同业拆借市场interbankmarket可兑换性convertibility软通货softcurrency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequatedemand短期外债shorttermexternaldebt汇率机制exchangerateregime直接标价directquotes资本流动性mobilityofcapital赤字deficit本国货币domesticcurrency外汇交易市场foreignexchangemarket国际储备internationalreserve利率interestrate资产assets国际收支balanceofpayments贸易差额balanceoftrade繁荣boom债券bond资本captial资本支出captialexpenditures商品commodities商品交易所commodityexchange期货合同commodityfuturescontract联合大企业conglomerate货币贬值currencydevaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧depreciation贴现率discountrate归个人支配的收入disposablepersonalincome从业人员employedperson汇率ex