虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

1、WOR格式虚拟语气用法英语中的 语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。表示 动作 或状态 是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用1、于2、 陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。China is an AsianHow interesting my stay in China hascountry.(肯定句 ) been!祈使句 表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议 或命令。(感叹句)如：=Please come over here.请到这边来。Watch your steps! 当心!( 走路 )3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。

2、此外，如需表 达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句谓语动词 的特殊形式表示出来的。中的如:if 1 were a, 1 would be able to fly in如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空birdthe air.中飞行。我希望我能通过考 试。i wish i could pass theexamination.、状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟类型主句条件从 句与现在事实相(1)反V-ed 过去式(be动词用were )should/could/would/might +-v-原形与过去事实相反had done 过去完成时should/could/would/might

3、+ have doneShould + V. 原形与将来事实相反should/could/would/might + V.原形(4) If省略条件句 were to +V. 原形 V-ed过去式虚拟条件句的谓语动词含were, should, had 时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要有用倒装语序，即把 were, should, had等词置干句首(5)错综条件句主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。(6)含蓄条件句条件会暗含在短语屮，如for fear that厂句谓语为without, but for 等。,in case , lest 引导的从句中，ot

4、herwise虚拟语气时，从:(should) + do目的状语从句j so that ， in order that所引导的目的状语从句中从句谓语为 :can / could / may / might / will / would /should + do、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用+ V-ed或过去进行时)wish/wished 与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语+ had done 与将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语+ could/would have done could/would + V. 原形i f only 引导的感叹句和 as if/as though引导

5、的状语从句也有与 wish相同用法还有一些表愿望的短语：would just as soon 倒宁愿/prefer 宁愿(2) would rather，had rather ， would sooner等表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望表示现在或将来的愿望，用V-ed (be 用 were )专业资料整理WOR格式表过去的愿望，用had + done/不在场。"坚持某种观点，某rd rather you came next Saturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。 我 （ 宁）愿

6、你当时在场（2 ）表“坚持”insist that +（ should ） do“insist 意为”坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为 个事实"则不用虚拟语气专业资料整理WOR格式（3 ）表“命令”order ， command + that ?（ should ） do（4 ）表“建议”advise ， suggest ， propose ， recommend + that ?（ should ） do注意：suggest作“建议”讲时用虚拟；作“表明”讲时不用虚拟。（5）表“要求” ask，demand， require ， request+ that ?（ should ）

7、do（6）表“提议” move,vote+ that ? （ should ） do（7）表“希望，打算”desire ， intend+ that ?（ should ） do（8 ）其 他一urge 敦促;arrange安排;direct指示;prefer宁愿;注意：句中出现上述词 语的名词形式时也用虚拟Your advice that she（should ） wait till next week is reasonable.My suggestion was that the meeting（should ） be put off till next week.三、定语从句中的虚拟语

8、 气句式（1 ） It is /was （high/about）time thatIt is the first/second 句式（2） timeIt was the first time四、主语从句中的虚拟语 气句式（1 ） It is+ adj./n.+that +（be用were） ?早该做？的时候了（优先使用过去V?-ed 式）that ? should do ?（ should 不可以省略 ）?have/has done?这是某人第一一/一二/三一次做that某事。that ?had done ?主语从句（从句的谓语动词常用should+况而定）原形且should的省略要看情表情绪

9、、观点的形容词或名 词，funny 、rightthe shame如：可省如、important、impossible necessary surprising 、 wrong 、better 、a pity 、natural、strange、no wonder 、imperative ?m?per ?t?v等。It is strange that such a person should be our friend.（should表示"竟然"的语气，不。）句式（2 ）It is+ adj.+that +主语从句（从句的谓语动词常用should+（礼貌委婉地表达情况的紧迫性

10、可用虚拟语 气）表示紧迫的形容 词，urgent ，necessary vital女口 :advisablebest ， critical imperative等。如: It's vital that you make a decision right now .原形），desirable ， essential ， important ，你立刻就做决定是至关重要的。、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：条件从句：主语 +

11、V过去时 主句：主语 + should/would/could/might + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。2、表示与过去事实相反的情况条件从句：主语 + had done 主句：主语 + should/would/

12、could/might + have done专业资料整理WOR格式If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.女口果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。3、表示对将来情况的主观推测条件从句：if+ if+ if+主语 + were to do主语 + did/were 主句：主语 + should/would/could/might + do主语 + should

13、 do专业资料整理WOR格式If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.女口果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚

14、拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.女口果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。If he were free today, we would have sent him t

15、o Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，

16、她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not 应置于主语之后，而不能与 were ，should， had等缩略成 Weren'tShouldn't ，Hadn't而置于句首。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time.若不是天气坏，我们就准时至 U达了。 有时省略if后提前的had

17、不是助动词：Had I time , I would come.假若我有时间，我会来的。(=lf I had time?)6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来， 这种句子叫做 含蓄条件句。将条件会暗含在介词短语中，女口 without ?, but for ?,otherwise(要不是因为)等But for his help, wewould be working now.(要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, Iwould not have made such great progress

18、.would have telephoned him.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we 将条件隐含在 不定式 短语中如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=1 should你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。I should be happy to go with you.be happy if I could go with you.)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.(=If you have stud

19、ied harder, you?) 将条件隐含在 分词 短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar.(=If he had been born in better times, he?)?假若这次失败，那你怎么办?)Failing this time, what would you do(=If you failed dthis time, what 将条件隐含在 名词 短语中若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。?)A true friend would not have betrayed me.(=If he had been a t

20、rue friend, he would专业资料整理WOR格式A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时，你就见至 U这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you?)两个常用虚拟语气句型：与but for, without 同义。 If it weren ' t(wasn ' t) for ? “若不是有?/ 要不是有？”If it weren ' t(wasn ' t) for the children,

21、 we wouldn' thave anything to talk about.要不是因为孩子们，我们不会有什么可谈的。 If it hadn ' tbeen for ?If it hadn ' tbeen for the rain, we would have had a good harvest.要不是有雨，我们本会获得一个大丰收的。专业资料整理WOR格式7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句He would have finished it.他本该完成了 。 You could have passed thi

22、s exam.你本该通过这次考试的。 省略主句If I were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it.要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。&注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用 was。If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。注意：“ it+be ”的省略If necessary ， I would send more farmhands to help you.女口果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。（=lfit were necessary

23、， ?）、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1、wish后的宾语从句 ，用虚拟语气a、与现在事实相反的愿望， b、与过去事实相反的愿望，wish +wish +c、与将来难以实现的愿望，wish +主语 +动词过去式或 were+ had done 或 would/ could + have done （ 主语 should）主语 + would/could/might+动词原形注意这里的不能用I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。（事实：我根本比不上你I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 还不知道）我希望我那时就知

24、道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）I wish prices would come down.我希望物价能降下来。注意：从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，如果将wish 一改为过去式wished，其后that从句中的动词形式不变。We wish he didn't smoke.我们希望他不吸烟。I wished I hadn't spent so much money.但愿我没有花这么多钱。注意：if only引导的感叹句与wish用法一致，意思也基本

25、相同。（ifonly一般独立使用，是没有主句搭配的）If only she would pass the English examination!但愿她能通过英语考试！If only I weren't so nervous.If only I hadn't gone there last night.2、 would rather +虚拟从句但愿我不这样紧张。要是昨晚我没有到那里去就好了一般 would rather ， had rather后的 宾语从句 常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，would sooner等之故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表过去的愿望，用had

26、 + done表示现在或将来的愿望，用 V-ed （be 用were ）I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影rd rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。We'd rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿注意：would rather（比较正式）=had rather（非正式）， would sooner（ sooner 代替 rather ）的纟田微差别。提示：would rather主要有两种用法。1 .后接不带to的不定式I&#

27、39;d rather play tennis than swim.我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。rd rather not go to the movies.我宁愿不去看电影。Which would you rather have, tea or coffee你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡专业资料整理WOR格式2. 后接不用连词的that从句I'd rather you went home now.我希望你现在就回家。I would rather my daughter attended a public school.我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。3、一想要(desire) ，一宁愿(prefer

28、) ， 一坚持(insist)二命令 (order， command)，三建议 (advise，suggest ， propose/recommend) ， 四要求(demand ， require ， request ，ask) 中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用“should + do ”，且should 可以省略。专业资料整理WOR格式He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.H

29、e demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.(1 )表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+ do"构成，其中的 should可以省略。I insisted that he (should) stay.我坚持要他留下。He insisted that I (should) go with them.他坚持要我同他们一起去。注意：动词insist后接宾语

30、从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较:He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。注意：“insist意为”坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为”坚持某种观点，某个事实"则不用虚拟语气。He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因

31、此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。(2 )表示“命令”后的宾语从句order, command引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由 "should+do" 构成，其中的should通常可以省略。如：He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。He commanded that we (should) attack at once.他命令我们立即发起进攻。(3 )表示“建议”后的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+do" 构成，他建议我们早点动身advise, suggest, propose,

32、recommend其中的should 可以省略。He suggested that we should leave early.The doctor advised that he change his job.They recommend that this tax be abolished.The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 注意： 与动词 insist 相似，动词suggest医生劝他换工作。他们建议取消这种税。委员会建议推选戴先生。后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气He suggested that we (

33、should) stay for dinner.What he said suggested that he was a cheat.他建议我们留下吃饭。 他说的话表明他是个骗子。两者的区别也是：suggest 意为"建议"才用虚拟语气，意为"暗示"或"表明"则不用虚拟语气I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣(4 )表示"要求"后的宾语从句主要是指 ask ，demand， require ， request等后的宾语

34、从句，do"构成，shouldHe requires that I (should) appear.他要求我出场。从句谓语由"should+ 可省略I demand that John (should) go there at once.我要求约翰立即到那里去。They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man. 子以选举权。I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf.他们要求给予每个成年男我请求他为我施用他的影响。He as

35、ked that the message be given to Madame immediately.(5 )表示“提议”“投“敦促” “指示”后的宾语从句票他要求把信息立即带给夫人。主要是move, vote, urge,指directI move that we accept the proposal.等后的宾语从句，从句谓语 由我提议通过这项提案。"should+动词原形"构成，should可以省略专业资料整理WOR格式Mr. Chairman, I beg to move that the meeting be adjourned.主席先生，我提议休会。Congr

36、ess has voted that the present law be maintained.国会投票决定维持现 在这条法律。He urges that the restrictions be lifted.他敦促取消这些限制。He urged that the matter should go to arbitration.他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。专业资料整理WOR格式The general directed that the prisoners should be set free.将军指示释放那些俘虏。（6 ）表示“安排”后的宾语从句主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓

37、语由"should+ 动词原形”构成， should可以省略He arranged that I should go abroad.他安排我去国外。They arranged that the minister should be met at the airport.他们安排在机场迎接这位部长。It was arranged that they should leave thefollowing spring.已安排好他们第二年春天离开。一They've arranged that I should absent myself for part of the meeting

38、.他们安排好让我一部分时间不在开会现场。（7 ）表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句主要是指动词desire ， intend 后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+ 动词原形”构成，should 可以 省略。She desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。They intended that the news (should) be suppressed.I desire the patient should have a bath every day.他们打算封锁这条消息 我希望病人每天洗澡。三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表：&quo

39、t;早该做某示事了结构为：It is （high / about） time that +时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。主语+ V-ed（优先使用动词过去式It is (high / about) time that +主语 + should + do (should不可省略)女口： It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿 了。It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。It is (high) time that we should go to

40、school也可以写成 It is (high)time that we went toschool.It's high time for me to write my homework. I have to leave.到了写作业的时候了，我必须要离开了。汪意: 成 而是若该句型略微调整It is/was the first/second time that +It is the first/second time that句子，那这个句子谓语动词不再采用上述形式，? have/has done?这是某人第一 /二/三.次做某事。It was the first/second tim

41、e that? had done ?如:This is the first time that I have ridden a horseThis is the first time that I ride (am ridding) a horse. 在马背上)It was the first time that I had ridden a hose.这是我第一次骑马：（你会让人觉得你说这句话的时候你还是骑It will be the first time that I ride a horse.（你还没有骑过马那时我第一次骑马 （你已经骑过马了 ）。 如果你要说那将会是你第一次骑马）。四、

42、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用句式 It is+ adj./n.+ that +主语从句定女口： necessary 、important surprising 、 funny 、（从句的谓语动词常用should+ 原形且should的省略要看情况而表情绪、观点的形容词或名 词，right 、 wrong 、 better 、如: It is strange that such a person should be our friend.(should句式 It is+ adj.+ that +impossiblenatural 、 strangea pitythe shame 、no wonde

43、r 等。表示"竟然"的语气，不可省。）主语从句（礼貌委婉地表达情况的紧迫性可用虚拟语气）表示紧迫的形容词，女口 :advisable, best , critical , desirableimportant , necessary , urgent , vital 等。如: It's vital that you make a decision right now .,essential , imperative ,你立刻就做决定是至关重要的。五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用A .对现在事实的假设，从句用一般过去时（be 用 were );专业资料整理WOR格式B

44、.对过去事实的假设，从句用过去完成时；C.对将来的假设，从句用过去时或would/might/could/should+V 原形（1 ）虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的应用1、在for fear that（生怕，唯恐），in case（以防），lest （以免，免得）引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为 ：（should） + do专业资料整理WOR格式Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case i (should) forget.请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。She examined the door again for fear that

45、 a thief (should) come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.他早早地就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that ， in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为 ：can / could ， may / might ， will / would ， should + do我要把你的电话号码记下来，他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉I shall write down your telephone number so that i m

46、ay not forget. 以免忘记。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 一个字。（2 ）在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中的应用as if 或as though引导的状语从句，用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。A . The teacher treats the pupil as if he were h

47、er own child.这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）B . I felt as though we had known each other for years.我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多年）C. It looks as if it might rain.天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）对比：He looks as if he is young.看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻，符合事实）He looks as if he were young.看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻，不符合事实）（3 ）虚拟语气在让步状语从句

48、中的应用A.在even if, even though引导的让步状语从句中的应用（需判断情况是否真实）让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从 句谓语动词用虚拟语气。even if 表示“即使” “纵然”“就算”“哪怕”，在真实条件句中不用虚拟。They ' ll stand by you even if you即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。don' t succeed.即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计we wonEven if it rains tomorrow,戈y。t change our plan.even if 从句 的内容通

49、常是假设性的用虚拟语气；他即使有钱也不会买它 Even if he had the money, he wouldn' t buy it.even though“尽管”“虽然”，引导的从句内容往往是真实的，有时也用虚拟。尽管在下雨，他还是出He went out even though it was raining. 去了。虽然我们已尽了最大的力即使华佗在世也救（事实：华佗不在世）以及no matter +等引导的wh-让不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game.量，但还是输了。Nobody

50、 could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 不了他。B .在 whatever/ whichever/ whenever/ whoever/ wherever/ however（主句结构不限） 步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：表示现在或将来 ：may/might +V原形We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.We will find him wherever he may be.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matte

51、r how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。专业资料整理WOR格式No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。不管雨下得多么大，今晚不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊should +动词原形，主句结构不限尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 我们还是要去那里。表