高级英语第二版第一册lesson1

1、Face to Face with Hurricane CamilleLesson Oneby Joseph P. BlankTeaching Aims1. To know the writing techniques of a narrative2. To be acquainted with some literary terms of narration3. To learn to use words to describe disasters and violence4. To appreciate the language features5. To learn to write a

2、 story about disastersTeaching Contents and Steps I. Additional Background Knowledge II. Introduction to the Passage III. Effective Writing Skills IV. Rhetorical devices V. Special Difficulties VI. Discussion and exercisesNatural Disastersearthquakeflooddroughthurricanetornado龙卷风龙卷风 typhoonsandstorm

3、snowstormsnowslideLandslide滑坡滑坡tsunamivolcanic eruption Brainstorming (集体自由讨论)I. Additional Background Knowledge 1. Hurricane; 2. typhoon; 3. cyclone(旋风旋风 ) I. Additional Background Knowledge Hurricane: a tropical storm in which winds attain (v.达到达到 ) speeds greater than 75 miles (121 kilometers) pe

4、r hour. The term is often restricted to those storms occurring over the North Atlantic Ocean. Incipient (初期的初期的) hurricanes usually form over the tropical N Atlantic Ocean and mature as they drift westward.I. Additional Background Knowledge Hurricanes also occasionally form off the west coast of Mex

5、ico and move northeastward from that area. An average of 3.5 tropical storms per year eventually mature into hurricanes along the east coast of North America, usually over the Caribbean Sea or Gulf of mexico. Hurricanes are given girls names.I. Additional Background Knowledge Typhoon: similar storms

6、 occurring over the West Pacific Ocean and China Seas are called typhoons which are given serial numbers. I. Additional Background Knowledgewhirlwind (龙卷风)- a general term/ circular windTornado(暴风；大雷雨 ) -visible as a tube-shaped cloud of dust which moves in a relatively narrow path can be devastatin

7、g in its destructiveness.cyclone - a vortex, usually hundreds of miles in diameterImage: tornadoimage: tornadoimage: CycloneImage: CycloneImage: hurricane Camillenaming system the Beaufort scale The Beaufort Scale defines a storm as a wind having velocity（速度速度） of between 64 and 75 miles an hour. th

8、e Beaufort scale，蒲福风力等级 (英国海军将领Francis Beaufort1774-1857拟订,分0-12级), an international scale of wind force from 0 (calm air) to 12 (hurricane) the Beaufort scale (wind)the Beaufort scale defines wind as: 0 clam breeze 0 1 light breeze （微风） 1-3 mph 2 slight breeze （轻风） 4-7 3 gentle breeze 8-12 4. moder

9、ate breeze（和风） 1318 5. fresh breeze（清风，轻劲风）1924 the Beaufort scale6 strong breeze （劲风） 25-317 moderate gale （疾风）32-388 fresh gale （大风） 39-469 strong gale (烈风) 47-5410 whole gale （狂风） 55-6311 storm 64-7512 hurricane over 75Gale (烈风)- a general term for a very strong wind capable of doing considerable

10、 damage to property weather forecast The weather forecast says cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest, grade five to six on the Beaufort Scale. The lowest temperature during the daytime will be eight degrees centigrade below zero. I. Additional Background Knowledge Hurricane Camillekmi:

11、l :The storm lashed Mississippi and Louisiana for two days, Aug. 17-18, in 1969. the death toll was 258. Hurricane Camille in the Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Camille in the Gulf of MexicoStorm pathStorm paththe Map of the USAthe Map of the USAHurricane CamilleFormedAugust 14, 1969 DissipatedAugust 22,

12、1969 Highest winds 1-minute sustained:190 mph (305 km/h) Lowest pressure 905 mbar (hPa); 26.72 inHgFatalities死亡率死亡率259 directDamage$1.42 billion (1969 USD)Areas affectedCuba, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Southern United States, East-Central United States I. Additional Background Knowledge “Hurri

13、cane Watch Posted” warned the front page of The Daily Herald on Aug. 16, 1969. That was Saturday. Hurricane Camille struck Sunday night 40 years ago Monday with a vengeance猛烈地 few could fathom. For two decades the Storm King had tossed only mild zingers. When Mondays early-morning light revealed the

14、 Camille carnage大量绝灭 , the Moonlite was literally gone with the wind. The 225-plus-mph winds pushed a 24-foot storm surge topped by 10-foot wave action.Gulfport Pass Christian帕斯克里斯琴镇 The Pass, is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, along the Gulf of Mexico. It is part of the GulfportBiloxi, Miss

15、issippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 6,579 at the 2000 census.Pass Christian帕斯克里斯琴镇 According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.3 square miles (40 km2), of which 8.4 square miles (22 km2) is land and 6.9 square miles (18 km2) (44.97%) is water.

16、Geographically, the town of Pass Christian is peninsular, with water on three sides: the Gulf of Mexico to the south, the Bay of St. Louis to the west and a long stretch of bayou河口；海湾 to the north. The area north of the bayou, known as DeLisle shares a zip code with and is officially part of Pass Ch

17、ristian, yet has always had a separate name (formerly Wolf Town or Wolftown for reasons that were obvious at the time).Hurricane Katrina On August 29, 2005, Pass Christian was almost completely destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. Of the approximately 8,000 homes in Pass Christian, all but 500 were damag

18、ed or destroyed. In spite of the fact that the beachfront Scenic Drive follows the crest of a small bluff, affording it some elevation, most of the historic mansions along the road were severely damaged, and many were destroyed. Hurricane Katrina totally destroyed the local public library. It was re

19、built. Thirteen members of the citys police department retreated to the library after the police station became unsafe and water from the Gulf of Mexico began to pour in. Hurricane CamilleHurricane CamilleHurricane Camille Richelieu rilu: Apts. before and after Aug. 17,1969 “台风台风”、“飓风飓风”、“旋风旋风”这几种风有

20、什么这几种风有什么区别区别 飓风与台风只是同一种气候现象在不同地方的不同称呼。 热带气旋按其中心附近的风速分级，风速在17米/秒以下的热带气旋称为热带低压，17米/秒33米/秒的称为热带风暴。达到33米/秒（12级）以上时，这种天气现象在不同地区有不同的名字：太平洋东部和大西洋称为飓风，太平洋西部称为台风，印度洋称为旋风。 根据飓风中心每小时推进距离，美国国家飓风中心将飓风分为五级：一级飓风119公里153公里；二级飓风154公里177公里；三级飓风178公里209公里；四级飓风210公里249公里；五级飓风249公里以上。 旋风旋风(Cyclone)是指南太平洋,南大西洋,南印度洋,北印度洋

21、,阿拉伯海一带中心附近持续风力达到12级或12级以上的热带气旋。II. Introduction to the Passage 1. Main idea 2. Organization： -introduction (para. 1- 6)-development (para. 7- 26)-climax (para. 27)-conclusion (para. 28- 39)II. Introduction to the Passage 3. Theme - man vs nature 4. Type of literature: A piece of narration -characte

22、r (protagonist/antagonist) -action (incidents, events, etc.) -conflicts (suspense, tension) -climax -denouement deinu:m Type of literature (The literary style) A piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual time sequence. The writer tells the readers what happens first , what next. chronolog

23、ical developmentThe Literary termsnarration - story tellingextended narration - (扩展式记叙文) novels histories biographies autobiographies traveloguesThe Literary termsThe essentials of narration:1. characters2. plotA good story has a beginning, a middle, an end, even though it may start in the middle or

24、 at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.The Literary terms Narration is concerned with action. It goes around people called characters in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves. Characters : Protagonist (hero) -aga

25、inst - antagonist (enemy)CharactersA n y enemyother peopleThemselves diseasessocietynatureProtagonist The Literary terms protagonist - leading character antagonist - the people or forces that protagonist fights against suspense - a state of uncertaintyThe Literary terms interposition (介入手法)- a passa

26、ge which is put between the action The purpose is to add more information to create suspenseThe Literary termsFlashback(倒叙) - interruption of chronological sequence by interjection of event of earlier occurrenceclimax - the most exciting, important interesting part on the story, denouement - the end

27、ing of a story climax falling action denouement rising action conflict beginning suspense ending II. Introduction to the PassageMain idea:Face to Face with Hurricane Camille describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane. II. Introduction

28、 to the Passage3. Organization： -introduction (para 1- 6)-development (para 7 26)-climax (Para. 27)-conclusion (para. 28-39)Detailed Study of Section 1 (para.1-6)Introductory paragraphs 1 - 6 (the setting of the story)- time- place- background - conflict: man versus hurricanes- character: John Kosha

29、kDetailed Study of Section 1 (para1-6)Background knowledge Hurricane Camille Hurricane Camille is said to be the worst storm ever to hit mainland United States. With winds in excess of 200 mph and tides over 20 feet, Hurricane Camille smashed into the Mississippi Gulf Coast on Sunday night, the 17th

30、 of August and continued its devastating path until the early hours of Monday, the 18th. The combination of winds, surges, and rainfalls caused 256 deaths (143 on the Gulf Coast and 113 in the Virginia floods) and $1.421 billion in damage. Three deaths were reported in Cuba.Section 1(paras 1 6)hurri

31、cane -1. strong tropical storm2. strong fast wind which speeds more than 75 mph3. western Atlantic Ocean4. given a girls name; named alphabetically / ordered according to the initial letterNew words (para. 1) lash to strike with great forceto move quickly, violently or suddenly猛烈冲击；拍打 The waves lash

32、ed the racks.The rain was lashing against the windows.Para1 and 2 pummel pml to beat suddenly or attack vigorouslyto hit with repeated blows course (n.): a way of behaving；mode of conduct 行为；品行；做法 Para. 3 Demolish: pull downtear down，or smash to pieces (a building，etc)，destroy：ruin拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭 Hur

33、ricane BetsyThe storm lashed Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana in 1965 from Sept. 7-10, causing the death of 74 persons.Para. 3 A good: a general intensive, meaning “ full” 足足足足(程度程度数量数量)我们足足等了三个小时我们足足等了三个小时.昨晚昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉在酒馆里喝得烂醉.从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程.他父母亲狠狠地揍了他一顿他父母亲狠狠地揍了他一顿.We waite

34、d for a good three hours.Bill had a good drink at the pub last night.It is a good five hours to drive to the railway station.His parents gave him a good beating.Para. 4 Gruff: rough or surly in manner or speech；harsh and throaty；hoarse粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的。嘶哑的 His gruff manner made me angry. 他粗暴的态度让我生气。He gav

35、e me a gruff look. 他态度生硬地看了我一眼。Para. 4 We can batten down and ride it out. A metaphor; Comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea. batten: to fasten canvas (帆布) over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm. (用帆布扣住船上的舱口盖), ride it out: to stay afloat durin

36、g a storm without too much damage.We can make necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.Para. 4batten - a strip of wood used in construction and oft. used in the old days in ship building.The elder Koshak is talking about preparing and securing the house for the storm to c

37、ome. para. 5 Methodically: Orderly，systematically有秩序地；有条理地 midikli They did not need the urge from adult, they do things methodically.他们不需要大人督促，自己做事井井有条。Para. 6 scud: run or move swiftly；glide or skim along easily 疾行，飞驰；掠过 The speed of these clouds is an indication of the swiftness with which the st

38、orm is approaching.The boat scudded before the strong west wind came. scud missiles飞毛腿导弹 Para. 6 sit out the storm with the Koshaks. a) 坐着看完,待到(散场). I didnt enjoy the play, but we sat it out.The show was so boring that we could hardly sit through the first act. b) 等到结束,静等到底.Theyll try to sit out the

39、 crisis.Well sit it out to the very end. c) 坐在户外. The weather is too cold for us to sit out. Its so nice to sit out when the sun is warm in winter.Discussion of paragraphs 1 - 6 Figure put the following points:- time- place- background - conflict: - character:Questions 1) Characters (who are they?):

40、 -Pop Koshak -Grandma Koshak -John Koshak* (protagonist) -Janis Koshak a typical American family -Seven children three generations, friend, neighbors -Charles, a friend and pets -Neighbors -pets Questions2)What was John Koshak Jr. s job?3)Why did he decide to stay and face the dangers of a devastati

41、ng hurricane?4)What preparations did they make? Filled bathtubs and pailsfor water Checked out batteries and flashlightsfor lights Portable radiofor contact of the outside world, for information Fuelfor electric power Generatorfor power Refrigeratorfor foodparagraph 1-6: para.1: Hurricane Camille is

42、 coming soon, how people face with it. para.2: A discussion among the Koshaks and their friend Charles Hill about what they should do.paragraph 1-6: para. 3 and 4: They made up their mind to remain at home because they analyzed the condition of staying at home and compared it with what happened befo

43、re. Para. 5: preparation for the Hurricane Para. 6: the action of the family and their friends Detailed Study of Section 2 (para.7-26) In this section the writer describes in details and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane

44、. Focus of the study: 1) diction: use of one-syllable words descriptions of wind, hurricane ( water, destruction force) house (roof, wall, window, floor, stairs 2) sentence level: use of short and elliptical sentences 3) translation of passive sentences 4) understanding the mind of people at crisis.

45、New words: (para. 7) mattress: a casing of strong cloth or other fabric filled with cotton，hair，foam rubber，etc床垫；褥子 Pane: a single division of a window，etc.，consisting of a sheet of glass in a frame；such a sheet of glass窗格；窗格玻璃 generator:发电机 New words (para. 8) disintegrate: separate into parts or

46、fragments; break up；disunite分裂，分解，裂成碎块 collapse, crumble. fall apartbreak into many small pieces and is destroyedIs society beginning to ?Since the Soviet Union ed, the cold war came to an end. overwhelmingpara. 8 the French doorsNew words (para. 9) blast (n.): a strong rush of(air or wind)一股(气流)；一阵

47、(风) douse: (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid；drench; pour liquid over把浸入液体里；使浸透；泼液体在上immerse, soak, submerge, drenchHe doused the clothes in soapy water. Question: Why did Charlie think they were in real trouble when he found the water tasted salty?New words (para. 12-13) scramble (v.): cl

48、imb，crawl，or clamber hurriedly爬行；攀(登) shudder (n.): shake or tremble suddenly and violently，as in horror or extreme disgust震颤，战栗 New words (para. 14) on the verge of: on the edge of，on the brink of 接近于，濒临于 General Motors is on the verge of collapse. 通用汽车正处于崩溃的边缘。But soon I found it on the verge of b

49、ankruptcy due to a weak management. 但没多久我就发现，由于管理不善，工厂已处在破产的边缘。para 16 18 pop: an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk ferocity (n.): wild force or cruelty；ferociousness凶猛；凶恶，残忍；暴行 maroon (av.): leave abandoned，isolated，or helpless使处于孤立无援的处境Questions1. Why did Grandmother Kosh

50、ak, at this critical moment, tell her husband she loved him? (p.16)2. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? (p.17)Para. 19 swath (n.): grass or other plants cut by a mower 割草机割下的草或植物The storm cut a swath through the forest.暴风雨把大片的森林夷为平地。 mooring mph - mile per hour r.p.m. revolutions（旋转）per min

51、ute （飞轮功率） g.p.m. - gallons per minute（耗油）Para. 19New words (para. 20) spectacular: very impressive, dramatic, breathtaking 壮观的，引人注目的，激动人心The man gave a spectacular display of horse riding.He made a spectacular jump from the burning building.Some films present spectacular scenes like battles, proces

52、sions, storms, races etc,New words (para. 20) vantage point: a good position from which you can see a lot of things有利位置It wasnt easy to find the perfect vantage point for this photo. 拍摄这张照片，找一个完美的有利位置不是一件容易的事情。During that time, he took more than 24, 000 digital photos from his one-of-a-kind vantage

53、point in orbit. 其间，他借助自己独一无二的有利位置有利位置，拍摄了超过2.4万幅关于地球和太空景象的数码照片。para. 20The TV tower will provide a vantage point from which we can have a birds eye view of the city.They fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find.para 19 20 Two paras were put in to p

54、rovide further official account to show how strong and forceful the hurricane was. They were convincing. These two paragraphs were put in to provide further _ to show how _ the hurricane was. They were more convincing. In these two paragraphs, _, _, and _ (rhetorical devices) are employed.Paras.19-2

55、0: Interpositionpersonificationsimiletransferred epithetofficial accountstrong and forcefulPara. 21 huddle (v.): crowd，push，or nestle close together, as cows do in a storm(如风暴中的牛群)挤成一团；拥挤；互相紧贴 Para.21 slash: 1) cut with a sweeping stroke 斩；割裂 2) criticize sb./sth. harshly严厉批评 3) cut or reduce sth. d

56、ramatically 减少The government was harshly slashed by the press. implore: to ask or beg earnestly 恳求，哀求，乞 To implore ones forgiveness, mercy, etc.They implored her to stay bar: a measure in music 乐谱中的(一个)小节 trail away/off: (of sbs speech) gradually become quieter and then stop, esp. because of shyness

57、, confusion, etc.; grow gradually weaker, dimmerPara. 21Para.22 with: as the result of; because of e.g. With the staff greatly reduced, they had to stop work. With the flood water rising rapidly, the residents on the banks of the river were evacuated（撤离）. He was faint with hunger. Questions1. Why di

58、d Grandmother Koshak ask the children to sing? (p. 21)2. What did Janis understand when John put his arm around her?(. 23)Para.24 frustrate - cause sb. to have feelings of annoys and disappointment阻碍，丧气，使无效 If sth. frustrates you, it makes you feel upset and angry because you are unable to deal with

59、 the difficulties and problems it gives you.- Giving a child problems he cant solve will only frustrate him.- He was frustrated by his poverty.- There must be nothing more frustrating than having a job you dont like. para. 24 extinguish (v.): put out (a fire，etc)；quench；smother熄灭(火等)，灭(火)；扑灭 waver v

60、. swing or sway to and fro；flutter摇摆；摇晃；摇曳 topple (v.): fall top forward；lean forward as if on the point of falling向前倒；摇摇欲坠 para. 24 break apart: break up into piecesdisintegrate裂开，分裂解散 The grounds broke apart in earthquake地面在地震时裂开了。 break up: to break or make sth break into many small pieces分裂The i