全新版大学英语综合教程4Fighting+with+the+forces+of+nature

1、Unit 1 Book FourLead-in Question 1. Which is more powerful, man or nature?” 2 list the cases where the forces of nature are too powerful to be resisted. Background of the Song The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzge

2、rald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the loss of all on board. Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been

3、 noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how death threatened from the lake when stormstorm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for de

4、ath. It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore these ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So

5、, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgeraldas they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captain and cr

6、ew were all experienced, well-seasoned as the song says, they all knew the dangers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the words of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors i

7、t is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we hear from him he is saying goodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing

8、 behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory. Now lets listen to the song.Blank Filling The lives on from the Chippewa on downOf the big lake they call Gitche GumeeThe lake, it is said, never her deadWhen the skies of November

9、turn gloomyWith a load of iron ore thousand tons moreThan the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed emptyThat good ship and true was a bone to be chewedWhen the of November came earlyThe ship was the pride of the American sideComing back from some mill in WisconsinAs the big freighters go, it was mostlegend_giv

10、es up_twenty-six_gales_bigger than_With a crew and good captain well seasonedConcluding some terms with steel firmsWhen they left fully loaded for ClevelandAnd later that night when the ships bell rangCould it be theyd been feelingThe wind in the wires made a tattle-tale soundAnd a wave the railingA

11、nd every man knew, as the captain did tooTwas the witch of November come stealingThe came late and the breakfast had to waitWhen the Gales of November came slashingWhen afternoon came it was freezing raina couple of_the north wind_broke over_dawn_ a hurricane west windWhen suppertime came, the old c

12、ook came on deck sayingFellas, its yaAt seven PM a main hatchway caved in, he saidFellas, its been good to know yaThe captain wired in he had water coming inAnd the good ship and crew was And later that night when his lights went out of sightCame the of the Edmund FitzgeraldDoes any one know where t

13、he love of God goesWhen the waves turn the The searchers all say theyd have made Whitefish BayIn the face of_too rough to feed_in peril_wreck_minutes to hours_If theyd put fifteen more miles behind herThey might have or they might have capsizedThey may have broke deep and took waterAnd all that is t

14、he faces and the namesOf the wives and the sons and the daughtersLake Huron rolls, Superior singsIn the rooms of her mansionOld Michigan steams like a young mans dreamsThe and bays are for sportsmenAnd farther below Lake OntarioTakes in what Lake Erie can send hersplit up_remains_ice water_islands_l

15、ives onAnd the iron boats go as the mariners all knowWith the Gales of rememberedIn a musty in Detroit they prayedIn the Maritime Sailors CathedralThe church bell chimed till it rang twenty-nine timesFor each man on the Edmund FitzgeraldThe legend from the Chippewa on downOf the big lake they call G

16、itche GumeeSuperior, they said, never her deadWhen the gales of November come early November_old hall_gives up_Questions about the Song Listen to the song and answer the following questions.It took place on Lake Superior in November 1975. 1. Where and when did the storm take place? Because they knew

17、 the dangers of November storms and the storm had risen to a hurricane.2. Why did the crew fear the worst? Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821): emperor of the French, who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the French Revolution. One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he conq

18、uered the larger part of Europe. During 1802-1815 Napoleon tried to gain control of the whole of Europe. He had great success against all his enemies except Britain, whose navy under nelson defeated the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar In 1805, and whose army fought the Peninsular War against

19、him from 1808 to 1814, making him weaker in his other campaigns. In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded Russia in winter, and In 1814 the British, Russians, and Austrians entered Paris. previousindexbreakovermoreHe had great success against all his enemies except Britain, whose nav

20、y under nelson defeated the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar In 1805, and whose army fought the Peninsular War against him from 1808 to 1814, making him weaker in his other campaigns. In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded Russia in winter, and In 1814 the British, Russians,

21、and Austrians entered Paris. previousindexbreakovermorepreviousbackindexbreakoverThey sent Napoleon to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, but he collected an army around him and returned to Paris. He was soon defeated again, at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and was sent to the island of

22、 St Helena in the south Atlantic, where he died in 1821.the Battle of Waterloo: Final and decisive action of the Napoleonic Wars, that effectively ended French domination of the European continent and brought about drastic changes in the political boundaries and the power balance of Europe. Fought o

23、n June 18, 1815, near waterloo, in what is now Belgium, the battle ranks as a great turning point in modern history.backindexbreakoverThe battlefield was situated around three large farmhouses . On the far left was the HOUGOUMONT house ( see picture above ). Napoleons Chronology DateEventAugust 15,

24、1769 Born in Ajaccio, Corsia. April 1796 Italian campaign began.May 1798 Bonapartes Egyptian campaign began War of the Second Coalition. MayJune 1800 Bonapartes second Italian campaign.May 1804 Referendum proclaimed Bonaparte as hereditary Emperor.Napoleons Chronology DateEventDecember 2, 1804 The p

25、ope was brought to Paris for his coronation in Notre Dame. June 1812 Invasion of Russia.September 7, 1812 Battle of Borodino. October 1812 Retreat from Moscow began. January 1814 Allies crossed the Rhine. DateEventMarch 31, 1814 Paris fell.April 6, 1814 Napoleon abdicated.March 20, 1815 Napoleon esc

26、aped from Elba and returned to Paris. June 18, 1815 Battle of Waterloo. May 5, 1821 Napoleon died on Saint Helena. 600,000 soldiersRed Line - Retreat RouteRed Line - Retreat RouteLess than 100,000 soldiers600,000 600,000 soldiersHitlers Chronology DateEvent1914 1918 Volunteer in German Army. Wounded

27、, gassed, and decorated.November 11, 1923 Arrested for leading the Munich Beer Hall putsch (coup) against the German national government.April 23, 1889 Born in Braunau, upper Austria, son of a customs official.September 1919 Joined German Workers Party, which he reorganized as the National Socialist

28、 German Workers (Nazi) Party. DateEventAugust 19, 1934 Following the death of Paul von Hindenburg, Hitler assumed presidency while maintaining his other title as chancellor.September 1, 1939 Invaded Poland, provoking Britain and France to declare war on Germany two days later. January 30, 1933 Appoi

29、nted chancellor after Nazis won one-third of votes.March 7, 1936 Sent troops into the Rhineland in violation of treaties of Versailles and Locamo.April 30, 1945 Committed suicide in Berlin bunker. Chronology of the WarDateEventApril, 1940Denmark and Norway were conquered.June 22, 1941Hitler launched

30、 his long-term attack on the Soviet Union.September 1, 1939The Second World War in Europe started with German armies pouring across the Polish frontier.May 10, 1940Hitlers troops drove into France and within the following six weeks, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg had surrendered as had France.DateE

31、ventSeptember, 1942February, 1943A decisive battle was fought at Stalingrad, which was the turning point of the war.December, 1941The U. S. A. entered the war after Japanese planes bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor.June 6, 1944American, British and Canadian forces landed in Normandy and

32、 opened the second front in Europe.May 2, 1945The Soviet army took Berlin.May 7, 1945Germany surrendered. Joseph Stalin (18791953): General secretary of the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (19221953) and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (19411953). U

33、nder his leadership the USSR was built into a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitlers armies in World War II and rivaled the United States during the Cold War period.Joseph StalinII. Questions & AnswersII. Questions & AnswersScan the text and answer the following questionsba

34、ckland on which German settlers would raise large families. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over.13. What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns? The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any

35、 military campaign. Part Division of the TextParts Para(s)Main Ideas 21 12Introduction Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.311Napoleons military campaign against Russia.PartsPara(s)Main Ideas31220Hitlers military campaign against the Sov

36、iet Union.421Conclusion The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.backA Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions Text AnalysisA Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions Text AnalysisA Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions Text Ana

37、lysisBiggest enemy for the invading force Turning point Fate of the invading force War-starters fate Language focus:But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw bitter, bleak Russian winter. 1.Desolate(没希望的2.Lonely（荒凉的）3.Cold（阴冷的）Analyze the structure of the sente

38、nce. Text analysis但是他没有料到在莫斯科遭遇劲敌- 俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。“that met him in Moscow” is an attributive clause modifying “the devastating enemy” while “the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter” is in apposition to “the devastating enemy”.back2. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. (para.4) To one

39、s surprise 令人吃惊的是。To ones delight 令人高兴的是。To ones relief 令人欣慰的是。To ones disappointment。令人失望的是To ones regret 令人遗憾的是。Text analysisback3. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield. (para.6)Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks.Some

40、intransitives like fall, lie, sit ,drop can be followed by an adjective which describes the subject of the sentence instead of the action of the verb. (Ex.III, P.18)e.g. But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.Little Tom was unable to sit still for longe

41、r than a few minutes.Text analysisback4. As Hitlers armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years.(para.16)正当希特勒的军队逼近莫斯科时，寒冷的冬季早早地降临苏联，那是多年不遇的严寒。5. The Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. (para19)In these sentences

42、, we use synonymous words to avoid repetition. (Ex.II, P.17)coldestIn the controlbackThe loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. Paraphrase the sentence. In Hitlers Russian campaign, the battle for Stalingrad was a turning point, from which German troops became weak

43、 and was at a dilemma.6. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. (para.21)任何军事行动都必须考虑到自然的因素。Be reckoned with: be taken into consideratione.g. All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose.She is a woman to be reckoned with.Text analysisbackbacke.g. The rise

44、in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.Formal training will take at least 3 years in the case of interior decoration. 对于室内装修来说，需要进行至少三年的正式培训。对于室内装修来说，需要进行至少三年的正式培训。in the case of as far asis concerned backbackindexbreakovere.g. Many teachers complain that they cant make any i

45、mprovement in the teaching methods as the existing exam system is in the way.激烈的竞争阻碍了这个企业的发展。激烈的竞争阻碍了这个企业的发展。The fierce competition gets in the way of this enterprises development. stand/get/be in the wayprevent from doing sth.backindexbreakovere.g. The events took place on a raw February morning.Th

46、is cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.工厂把原材料做成成品供出口和国内消费工厂把原材料做成成品供出口和国内消费.Industrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption.阴冷的阴冷的;未煮熟的未煮熟的;未加工的未加工的; 未分析的未分析的rawbackindexbreakovere.g. Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched pro

47、bes to explore other planets. 警察已经开始对此事件进行调查。The police have launched an investigation into the incident.send (sth) on its course;start 发射发射;开始开始launchbackbackindexbreakovere.g. Some people complained that too much money has been spent on political campaigns.德国在北非的战役中被打败了。德国在北非的战役中被打败了。The Germans w

48、ere defeated in the campaign in North Africa.a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular aim 战役战役, 活动活动,运动运动campaign运动正在蓬勃开展。运动正在蓬勃开展。The campaign is in full swing. battle 强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指 陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间 的争斗。的争

49、斗。war 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。campaign, battle & war 这三个词都是名词，均含有这三个词都是名词，均含有“战斗，战争战斗，战争”之意之意。CF:Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Many criminals were proceeded against following World War II. 2. The American presidentia

50、l lasts for eighteen months. war_campaign_3. It was a decisive we won the because of it. 4. The Philippines had suffered grievously under the Japanese occupation. A highly effective guerilla controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. battle_war_campaign_moreindexbreak

51、overe.g. Remote terminals in the home, connected to data banks, make the home the most efficient place to work in many cases.一个优秀经理不仅要有能力，还得有效率。一个优秀经理不仅要有能力，还得有效率。A good manager is both competent and efficient.able to work well or producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or resources效率效率

52、,效益效益 efficientpreviousbackindexbreakoverOur goal is to teach student how to get information from the printed page efficiently, rapidly, and with full understanding. efficiently adv efficiency n. These machines have raised efficiency many times.indexbreakovere.g. The year 1939 had witnessed the conq

53、uest of Poland by Germany.他们有信心战胜疾病。他们有信心战胜疾病。They are confident of the conquest of the disease. conquering, defeatconquestconquer conqueror backDirections: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Under the leadership of the Party, we are marching from to . 2. The

54、 Yangtze Bridge is a great of modern civil engineering. 3. It was a of human intellect, and also international cooperation and communication.4. In process of time, Rome became a great empire by . victory_victory_triumph_triumph_conquest_conquest 指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。triumph 着重指胜利或

55、成功的辉煌。着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。victory 普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的 胜利，强调艰辛与成功。胜利，强调艰辛与成功。backindexbreakoverdecisiveproducing a definite result or conclusion; having or showing the ability to decide quicklye.g. Most of the decisive land campaigns of World War I occurred on the continent of Europe.为

56、了消灭奴隶制，林肯采取了决定性的措施。为了消灭奴隶制，林肯采取了决定性的措施。Lincoln took decisive measures to end slavery. 普遍认为欧元的采用是向欧洲一体化迈进的决定性的一步。普遍认为欧元的采用是向欧洲一体化迈进的决定性的一步。The adopting of the euro is widely viewed as a decisive step toward a single European government.backindexbreakoverretreatmove back or withdraw when faced with da

57、nger or difficultye.g. We adopted the following strategies: when the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue. 在激战之后，部队向南方撤退。在激战之后，部队向南方撤退。After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.backindexbreakoverbe/get bogged down be unable to make progresse.g. Most of the tanks were

58、bogged down because of mechanical defects and inexperienced crews.当地政府对于如何处理工业设备释放出的危险化学当地政府对于如何处理工业设备释放出的危险化学物质一筹莫展。物质一筹莫展。The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.nextengagebegin fighting with sb.; (cause to ) ta

59、ke part in or do ; occupy or attract sb.s interestetc.e.g. The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediatelyengage in gossip（嚼舌头）（嚼舌头）我没空闲谈我没空闲谈.I have no time to engage in gossip.backindexbreakovercrucialvery important (followed by to)e.g. Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory

60、 in the crucial final game.消费者信心的提高对经济复苏至关重要。消费者信心的提高对经济复苏至关重要。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery. 重要的是我们应该知道怎样正确使用这些电器。重要的是我们应该知道怎样正确使用这些电器。Its crucial that we should know how to use the electric appliances properly. back crucial, critical & decisive 这三个词都是形容词这三个词都是形容词，都有，都有“紧要的、紧要的、紧迫的