句子结构及分析 英语语法总结

1、1. Sentence Structure 1. Sentence Structure When sentence structure is described, we usually focus on the structure of simple sentences, i.e. the independent clauses. 1.1. Clause elements The construction of the simple sentence or clause organized by a group of phrases goes as follows: subject + pre

2、dicateSubject:the topic or theme of the sentence / telling of what the sentence is about /realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrasePredicate:says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to receivers; a more complicated c

3、onstruction consisting of a verb phrase with or without complementationVerb (+ complementation) 1.1. Clause elements Compound subject：The boys and the girls are planning a dance.Fruit flies and ladybugs are insects.1.2 Compound subjects and Predicates Fish and visitors (smell) three days . Franklin

4、Benjamin , American president 鱼放三天发臭，客住三天讨嫌。The greatest of evils and the worst of crimes （Be）poverty. -George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist 最大的恶和最凶的罪是贫穷。1.2 Compound subjects and Predicates1.2 Compound subjects and PredicatesCompound Predicate My friend lives in a green house and rides a red bicy

5、cle. I opened the magazine and began to read it quietly. A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。 A man cannot whistle and drink at he same time. 一心不能二用。1.2 Compound subjects and Predicates1.3 Double PredicatesDouble Predicates: those transformed through complicated deep structures A bir

6、d fell dead to the ground. The doctor sat reading a newspaper in the shade. He left home a mere child and returned quite a different man. = He was a mere child when he left home, and he became quite a different man when he returned. The difference between compound predicate and double predicate. A b

7、ird fell dead to the ground.A bird fell to ground and died. A bird died and fell to the ground.A bird fell to the ground and it was dead.* A bird fell died to the ground.Double predicateCompound predicateCompound predicateCompound sentence1.3 Double Predicates1.4 Two ways of clause analysis: （1）Subj

8、ect+ Predicate Verb + (complementation): A verb-centered analysis their besthave done All the menObjectPredicate verbSubjectNPVP NPClauseSentence1.4 Two ways of clause analysis: （2）Subject+ Predicate All the mendone their best havePredicationOperatorpredicateSubjectClauseSentence2.1 Basic clause typ

9、es The combination of clause elements (phrases) are wholly or largely determined by the main verb in the clause, thus we have: Linking verb or copular:SVC 主动表 联系动词 Intransitive: Monotransitive: Ditransitive: Complex transitive:SV; SVASVOSVoOSVOC2.2 Major clause elements: a clearer picture SVC Subjec

10、t: The letter is his. Predicate verb: The letter is his. Subject complement/predicative: The letter is his. Object: Ke Jingteng has read the letter. (SVO) Direct Object: Ke Jingteng gave Shen Jiayi a letter. (SVoO) Indirect object: Ke Jingteng gave her a letter. (SVoO)2.2 Major clause elements: a cl

11、earer picture Object complement/predicative: We elected him our president. (SVOC) Adverbial: They live in Taiwan. (SVA) Ke Jingteng treated Shen Jiayi honestly. (SVOA)2.2 Major clause elements: a clearer picture2.3 Discussion: identify the following sentence pattern Theyre out of breath. Theyre out

12、of town. She is young and in good health. Randolph is paying for the meal. It turned out a huge success. We are putting up at a motel.SVCSVC/SVA?SVCSVO/SVA?SVCSVAThey looked on me as their role model. Slowly is exactly how he speaks.Out on the lake will be splendid.Because Sally wants to leave doesnt mean that we have to.SVOCSVACSVCSVO2.3 Discussion: identify the following sentence pattern2.4 Sentence in real text: verbless sentencesThe axiom 公理公理: Sentences should be built around the main ve