【增分精讲精炼】2014年高考英语语法复习专题巧突破第一部分专项专讲：三大从句

1、板块三句法集释三大从句从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句，它们是中学阶段的重要语法项目，其引导词的选择既是高考必考点，又是同学们学习与复习的一大难点。定语从句是形容词性从句，相当于形容词的用法，其功能是修饰先行词，对其性质、特征进行描述，先行词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。状语从句是副词性从句，相当于副词的用法，其功能是在复合句中作状语。根据状语从句的含义，状语从句一般可以充当时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，一般在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。20112013课标区高考考点统计考情解读 年份数量考点2

2、01320122011合计三大从句的考查历年都是高考的重点，关联词的选择是高考的主要考点，定语从句中对which的考查，宾语从句中对what和that的考查，以及对让步、时间和条件状语从句的考查是重中之重。定语从句16151546状语从句12171544名词性从句主语从句6741740宾语从句45413同位语从句0437表语从句1023定语从句中which的考查1(2013江苏高考)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his ch

3、ildhood.Awhere BwhichCwhat Dwhen解析：选B考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood”为定语从句，先行词是passion，且空处在从句中作宾语，因此选which。2(2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.Ait BthatCwhat Dwhich解析：选D考查

4、定语从句。句意：莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人民很久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。it和what不能引导定语从句，可排除；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。which既可引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，高考中的考查重点是which在非限制性定语从句中的应用。which引导非限制性定语从句时，常代指整个主句。We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government, will succeed.我们希望政府

5、采取的控制房价的措施会成功。定语从句中where的考查1(2013新课标全国卷)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.Awhat BwhenCwhere Dwhich解析：选C考查定语从句。句意：当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看了我即将居住的房子。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导。2(2013江西高考)He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.Awhat Bwhi

6、chCwhere Dhow解析：选C考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了在那起事故中发生了什么。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，a letter是先行词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。where在这里相当于in which。3(2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，定语从句中缺少

7、地点状语，故用关系副词where。where引导定语从句时，在从句中作状语，主要有以下两种情况：(1)表示具体的地点Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.(2010福建高考)史蒂芬霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命进化的行星。(2)表示模糊的地点和抽象意义的地点(常见的先行词有race, job, activity, case, situation, point, position, stage, degree等)，但

8、这些词在从句中作主语或宾语时用that/which。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.(作状语)他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.(作宾语)记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。名词性从句中what的考查1(2013新课标全国卷)Police have found _ appears to be the lo

9、st ancient statue.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhat解析：选D考查名词性从句。句意：警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what。2(2013北京高考)_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.AThat BWhatCWho DWhich解析：选B考查主语从句。句意：让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。所填词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故选B。what引导名词性从句时表示“所有的事物/东

10、西，凡是的事物”，充当从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在从句中作宾语)(2011上海高考)你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。Making mistakes is a part of life. What matters is what you do afterwards.犯错误是在所难免的。重要的是你事后如何去应对。名词性从句中that的考查1(2013山东

11、高考)Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat解析：选D考查宾语从句。句意：得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真高兴。分析句子成分可知，所填词引导宾语从句，而且在从句中不作任何句子成分，故选D。2(2012北京高考)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.Awhy BhowCthat Dwhether解析：选C 考查宾

12、语从句。句意：Jerry不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达。that he could have expressed it differently是由that引导的宾语从句，作felt的宾语。that在从句中不作成分。that引导名词性从句时，没有词义，不作句子的任何成分，只起连接词的作用。Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. (2013北京高考)专家认为可以通过只有需要食物时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。名词性从句中whether的考查1

13、(2013陕西高考)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhether解析：选D考查主语从句。句意：这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“_ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意来判断，此处表示“是否”的意思。故选D。2(2012安徽高考)The limits of

14、a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.Awhere BwhetherCthat Dwhy解析：选B考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可知，主语从句“ _ he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether，选B。 whether为连词，在从句

15、中不作任何成分，意为“是否”。It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(2012山东高考)在这家商店，你是用现金还是信用卡支付都没有关系。让步状语从句的考查1(2013江苏高考)In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.Awhatever BwhoeverCwherever Dwhichever

16、解析：选C考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ it is discovered”为状语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，因此选wherever“无论在哪里”，引导让步状语从句。2(2013辽宁高考)One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.Ahow BwhatCwhen Dwhere解析：选A考查状语从句。句意：一个人不论他生活中的日程有多么满，总是能设法做更多的事情。空后面的full是形容词，所以应该用how修饰，no matter how引导让步状语从句。3(2013四

17、川高考)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.Aeven if Bas ifCbecause Dbefore解析：选A考查状语从句。句意：他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。even if引导让步状语从句；as if引导方式状语从句；because引导原因状语从句；before引导时间状语从句。4(2012全国卷)I dont believe weve met before，_ I must say you do look familiar.Atherefore BalthoughC

18、since Dunless解析：选B考查连词。句意：虽然我必须要说你看起来很眼熟，但我不相信我们之前见过。前后两分句间为转折关系，故选although (虽然，尽管)。让步状语从句的常用连词有 although, though, even if, even though, as (从句需要倒装), while (一般置于句首), no matter 疑问词， 疑问词ever。While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A(2012湖南高考)尽管我一直觉得自己能通过考试，但是我从未想到会得A。

19、However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.(2010上海高考)不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。时间状语从句的考查1(2013安徽高考)Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.Aunless BwhenCeven though Dso that解析：选B考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当你们有相似的兴趣爱好时，你们会更容易成为朋友。本题需要根据句意和前后两个句

20、子之间的逻辑关系来判断使用哪个关联词。unless“除非”，表示条件；when表示时间，有时也表示条件；even though“即使”，表示让步；so that“以便，因此”，表示目的或结果。2(2011四川高考)As is reported, it is 100 years_Qinghua University was founded.Awhen BbeforeCafter Dsince解析：选D考查状语从句。since conj. “自以来，从以后”，引导时间状语从句。句意：据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百年了。It is一段时间since从句表示“自从以来已有多长时间了”。3.(201

21、1浙江高考)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.A.after B.whileC.since D.when解析：选D考查连词辨析。语意表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing.when.表示“正在做某事，这时（突然）”，是常用结构，故选D项。1when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。when构成的相关句型如下：Tom was about to close the window

22、when his attention was caught by a bird.(2010全国卷)汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。2下列结构表示“一就”：as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner .than ., hardly/scarcely .when .The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。He had no sooner fin

23、ished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011辽宁高考)No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。3before(1)表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及就”。The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.(2010福

24、建高考)小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。(2)It was一段时间before .“过了多久才”It will be一段时间before .“再过多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.还得再过半年我才能回来。条件状语从句的考查1(2013江西高考)She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.Aif BunlessCafter Dwhen解析：选B考查状语从句。句意：她说她将不得不关掉商店，除非生意好转。根据句意可知选B项。

25、2(2013重庆高考)_ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.AOnce BAs long asCUnless DSince解析：选C考查状语从句。句意：除非有足够的证据，否则我们就不能胜诉。unless“除非”；once“一旦”；as long as“只要”；since“既然”。根据句意可知C项正确。3(2012江苏高考)Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.Aso that Bno matter howCas long as Dexcept that解

26、析：选C考查连词。句意：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。as long as意为“只要”，符合句意。so that意为“以便，结果”；no matter how意为“不管怎样”；except that意为“除了”。条件状语从句的常用连词有if, unless, as/so long as(只要), only if(位于句首主句要倒装), in case, on condition that等。Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.

27、(2010北京高考)学生一旦决定上哪所大学，他们就应该了解一下入学手续。1(2013昆明市高三一模)Mr.Green is a man with rich experience, _， obviously, makes others respect him.Awhat BthatCwhich Dwho解析：选C考查定语从句。句意：格林先生是一个有着丰富经验的人，这很明显会使他受到别人的尊敬。此处引导词引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词为 rich experience，故选C。2(2013宝鸡市高三二模)He came to a point _ there was no more r

28、oad to follow, and before him he could see nothing but a thick forest.Awhere BwhatCwhich Dthat解析：选A考查定语从句。句意：他到达了一个地方，那里没有什么路可走，在他面前只有浓密的森林。point后为定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。3(2013郑州市高三二模)What do you think of the new iPhone 5 your mother bought for you?Wonderful! Thats exactly _ I wanted.Awhy BwhichC

29、that Dwhat解析：选D考查表语从句。句意：“你认为你的母亲给你买的iPhone 5如何？”“好极了！那就是我想要的。”此处引导词引导表语从句且在从句中作宾语，故用what。4(2013四川绵阳市高三二模)There is no doubt _ those working hard can pass the exam easily.Awhether BifCthat Dwhat解析：选C考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，那些努力学习的人会很容易就通过考试。There is no doubt that .为固定句式，其中that引导的从句作doubt的同位语。5(2013淄博市高三二模) _

30、 a new library is to be built has not been decided yet, because the project will cost a lot of money.AThat BWhetherCWhere DHow解析：选B考查主语从句。句意：新的图书馆是否修建还未确定下来，因为这项工程要花费大量金钱。此处用whether引导主语从句，表示“是否”。6(2013哈六中考前适应性训练)_ the activities might seem childish, in reality they require a lot of strength and dete

31、rmination.AWhen BAsCWhile DOnce解析：选C句意：尽管这些活动可能看起来有些孩子气，但是事实上他们需要很多力量和毅力。此处用while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。7(2013西安市西北工业大学考前模拟)Susan came to the party yesterday, but it was already half past eight _ she turned up.Athat BbeforeCuntil Dwhen解析：选D句意：苏珊昨天来参加了宴会，但她出现时已经8点半了。此处由when引导时间状语从句。8(2013成都七中考前模拟)You may

32、 join the other kids in the summer camp _ you promise to make full use of it.Aas long as Bas ifCeven if Deven though解析：选A句意：只要你保证充分利用夏令营，就可以和其他孩子们一起参加。此处用as long as引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。9(2013北京市三十九中考前适应性训练)The question _ you should take this medicine should be decided by your family doctor.Awhy BwhetherC

33、if Dthat解析：选B句意：你是否应该服用这种药应该由你的家庭医生来决定。此处用whether引导同位语从句，表示“是否”。10(2013宁夏银川一中高三二模)I was buried in reading Pride and Prejudice the whole day. Its ages _ I enjoyed myself so much.Aafter BbeforeCwhen Dsince解析：选D句意：我整天都在读傲慢与偏见，我已经有好几年没有这么快乐了。此处由since引导时间状语从句，根据句意选D。定语从句与同位语从句的比较(2012江苏高考)The notice came

34、 around two in the afternoon_ the meeting would be postponed.Awhen BthatCwhether Dhow解析：选B考查同位语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句句意完整，且不缺少成分，所以用that引导。判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。试比较：The notice that meeting had to be put

35、off was true.(同位语从句)The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)定语从句与状语从句的比较1(2013北京高考)Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.Awhen BwhichCwhose Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句。句意：许多国家现在正在建立国家公园，动植物可以在这里得到保护。wher

36、e animals and plants can be protected是定语从句，修饰先行词national parks，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。2(2012天津高考)Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.Awhile BwhenCwhere Dthough解析：选C考查状语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，一切东西都放在他想放的位置。此处where引导地点状语从句。当涉及“地点”时，判断是定语从句还是状语从句的依据：看句中是否有先行词。试比较：Please make a ma

37、rk where you dont understand while reading.(地点状语从句)Please make a mark in the place where you dont understand while reading.(定语从句，在句中作定语修饰先行词the place)定语从句与并列句的比较(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhom解析：选D考查定语从句。句意：约翰邀请了大约四十个人参加他的婚礼

38、，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且“most of _”在从句中充当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。区分定语从句与并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和连接词。如果句与句之间有并列连词and，but或者分号，则是并列句；如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词。试比较：She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.(定语从句)She brought with her three friends, and none of them

39、I had ever met before.(并列句)定语从句与强调句的比较1(2013重庆高考)It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.Awho BthatCwhen Dhow解析：选B考查强调句。句意：在当地导游的帮助下，这个登山运动员才得以获救。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who .2(2009福建高考)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differe

40、ntly.Athat BwhenCwhich Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句。先行词为situation，condition，state，point，case等时，且引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，此时常用where引导定语从句。 区分是定语从句还是强调句，看从句中是否缺少句子成分，如果去掉it is/was和that/who，结构仍完整，则为强调句，反之，则为定语从句。试比较：It was in the hospital that he came across a friend of his.(强调句)It was the hospital where he came across a f

41、riend of his.(定语从句)此外，高考时常将定语从句与省略、强调结合起来在具体语境中进行考查，所以，我们在解题时不能只考虑语法，还应注意实际交际功能。如：Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm where we worked.完整的答语应为：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的比较1(2013四川高考)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _

42、they live.Awhat BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句。句意：现在人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为environment，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。2(2012全国卷)That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhen解析：选B考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which I will tell

43、you more about later是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作about的宾语，代指that evening。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。注意：先行词是地点名词时，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词时，关系词不一定用when；先行词是reason时，关系词不一定用why。试比较：This is the factory where I worked last year.This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.I will never forget the d

44、ay when I worked with them.I will never forget the day (that/which) I spent with them.This is the reason why he was absent from school.This is the reason (that/which) he explained for his absence from school.以上例句中visit，spend和explain为及物动词，从句中缺少宾语，故应用that/which引导。定语从句中which与as的比较1(2013山东高考)There is no

45、 simple answer, _ is often the case in science.Aas BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：选A考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该题为非限制性定语从句，所填词在从句中作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，where和when不能作主语，所以选as。2(2013天津高考)We have launched another manmade satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper.Athat BwhichCwho Dwhat解析：选B考查非限制性定语从句。句意：今天的报纸报道了我们发射了另外一颗人

46、造卫星。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，在定语从句中作主语。which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember, guess, hope等句意上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(20

47、12福建高考)正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.(2010四川高考)大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。定语从句中who, whom与whose的比较1(2013湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.Awhom BwhoCwhat Dwhich解析：选B考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those