应用型大学英语综合教程四Unit

1、会计学1应用型大学英语综合教程四应用型大学英语综合教程四Unit2上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 Language in Use Enhancement of Language Abilities Unit SixTable of Contents Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext3上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 StarterText: A horseman in the sky Working with words and phrasesDiscussionPractice: interpretingPractice: translatio

2、nPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsTable of ContentsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext4上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 HighlightsS: Warm-up DiscussionL: Video & Group DiscussionR: Text :A horseman in the skyW: Patterns of organization (4): cause and effect: chain organizationInternet wor

3、k: Summarizing a story found online Part 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext5What does war bring us?Brainstorming6What does war bring us?sorrowdesperatenesshelplessnessturbulence fearWar is cruel, every minute there would be a solider dying in the battlefield, who could be a son， a father or a hus

4、band.http:/ American Civil War (1861 - 1865) was one of the most violent times in the History of the United States. The American Civil War (18611865), also known as the War Between the States (among other names), was a civil war in the United States of America. 11 Southern slave states declared thei

5、r secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as the Confederacy. The slavery had been abolished in this war.8B. Listen to a letter (simplified) written to a mother and answer the following questions. 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 1. StarterBackNextMind Mapheroical

6、ly / ad. 英勇无畏地cannot but禁不住，不得不consolation / n. 安慰，慰藉cherish / vt. 珍爱，爱护sacrifice / n. 牺牲 91. Who was the receiver of the letter? What happened to her, according to the letter? 2. Who wrote the letter? And what do you know about him? 3. What was the purpose of the letter? 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 1. Start

7、erBackNextThe receiver was a mother of five sons who lost their lives on the battlefield. Abraham Lincoln wrote the letter. He was the sixteenth American president, one of the greatest leaders in American history.The purpose of the letter was to console the mother for her loss of her five sons on th

8、e battlefield and to thank her for her great sacrifice for the unity and freedom of the country.10focus1starter上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 1. StarterBackNextDear Madam: I have just learned from a report by the War Department that you are the mother of five sons who have died heroically on the battlefield. I

9、feel that whatever I say or do can hardly make you feel less painful for suffering such a great loss. But I cannot but attempt to give you my deepest sympathy and consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that God may relieve your anguish and leave you onl

10、y the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the great pride that must be yours to have made so costly a sacrifice for the unity and freedom of our country. Yours very sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Lincoln11A Horseman in the Sky ?What is a horseman?Can a horseman ride in the sky?whats the

11、 story about?12 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNextText Organization13 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 Text OrganizationBackNext14 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNextText Organization15focus1text2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky 1 Carter Druse was born in Virginia. He loved his parents, his home, and the South. But he loved his co

12、untry, too. One morning in the autumn of 1861, when the country was ravaged by a terrible civil war, the young Virginian said, quietly but gravely, “Father, a Union regiment has arrived. I am going to join it.” Translation空中骑兵空中骑兵1 1 卡特卡特德鲁兹出生在弗吉尼德鲁兹出生在弗吉尼亚州。他热爱自己的父母、自己亚州。他热爱自己的父母、自己的家乡以及南方这片土地。但他的家

13、乡以及南方这片土地。但他同样也深爱着自己的祖国。同样也深爱着自己的祖国。18611861年秋季的一个早晨年秋季的一个早晨, ,也正是国家倍也正是国家倍受内战煎熬之时，这位年轻的弗受内战煎熬之时，这位年轻的弗吉尼亚人平静而严肃地说：吉尼亚人平静而严肃地说：“父父亲，来了一个联邦军团，我要去亲，来了一个联邦军团，我要去参加他们的军队。参加他们的军队。” 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Union: It refers to the Northern states of the US during the American Civil War. Note the capita

14、lized initial of the word.When union is used as a common n o u n , i t c a n r e f e r t o a n organization formed by workers to protect their rights, or a group of states or countries under the control of one government. 16focus1text2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky 2 The old man looked at his only so

15、n for a moment, too shocked to speak. Then he said, “As of this moment you are a traitor to the South. Please dont tell your mother about your decision. She is sick, and we both know she has only a few weeks to live.”Translation2 2 老人看着他唯一的儿子，一老人看着他唯一的儿子，一时震惊得说不出话来。过了一会时震惊得说不出话来。过了一会，他说：，他说：“从现在起你就背

16、叛南从现在起你就背叛南方了。请不要把你的决定告诉你方了。请不要把你的决定告诉你母亲，她正病着，而且我们都知母亲，她正病着，而且我们都知道她活不了几个星期了。道她活不了几个星期了。” 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Questions about Paras. 1-2 as of: 自起e.g. As of 6th April 1999, all gifts to charities will be free of tax. Meaning: From now on you turn yourself into an enemy of the South. Please

17、dont mention this to (keep it a secret from) your mother. She is so sick that her days are numbered. 17 1. Where was Carter Druses home? It was in Virginia.上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext2. What army was Carter Druse going to join?He was going to join the Union Army.3. Why did Carters father say to his

18、son that “you are a traitor to the South”?Because their home, Virginia, was a Southern state, and the Union was its enemy.2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky18 3 Carters father paused, again looking deep into his sons eyes. “Carter,” he said, “no matter what happens be sure you always do what you think i

19、s your duty.” 4 Both Carter Druse and his father left the table that morning with a broken heart. And Carter soon left his home, and everyone he loved, to wear the blue uniform of the Union soldier.Translation 卡特的父亲顿了顿，再次深卡特的父亲顿了顿，再次深深注视着儿子的眼睛。深注视着儿子的眼睛。“卡特，卡特，”他说，他说，“无论发生什么事，一定要无论发生什么事，一定要完成你心目中应尽的

20、职责。完成你心目中应尽的职责。” 那天早上卡特那天早上卡特德鲁兹和父德鲁兹和父亲离开餐桌时都很伤心。不久，卡亲离开餐桌时都很伤心。不久，卡特离开了家，离开了所有他爱的人特离开了家，离开了所有他爱的人，穿上了联邦军士兵的蓝色制服。，穿上了联邦军士兵的蓝色制服。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky195 One sunny afternoon, a few weeks later, Carter Druse lay at full length upon his stomach, his feet resting u

21、pon his toes, his head upon his left forearm. His extended right hand loosely grasped his rifle. He was sleeping while on duty. If detected he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the just and legal penalty of his crime. Fortunately, no one could see him. He was hidden by some bushes, growin

22、g by the side of the road. Translation几周后一个阳光明媚的下午，卡几周后一个阳光明媚的下午，卡特特德鲁兹直挺挺地俯卧着，脚尖德鲁兹直挺挺地俯卧着，脚尖顶地，头枕着左前臂，摊开的右手顶地，头枕着左前臂，摊开的右手松散地握着来复枪松散地握着来复枪他在放哨时他在放哨时睡着了，一旦被发现，他会即刻丢睡着了，一旦被发现，他会即刻丢掉性命，而死亡是对他的罪行公正掉性命，而死亡是对他的罪行公正合法的惩罚。幸运的是，没有人看合法的惩罚。幸运的是，没有人看到他，因为他被路边的灌木丛遮住到他，因为他被路边的灌木丛遮住了。了。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNe

23、xt Question about Para. 5 at full length：全身伸展地；详尽地e.g. He is so tall that he cant lie at full length in my bed. I think we have discussed the problem at full length. lie upon / on ones stomach: 俯卧e.g. Emma was lying upon her stomach on the beach in the sunshine. cf. lie on ones back / side 2. Text:

24、A Horseman in the Sky20 4. What would happen if Carter was found sleeping at his post?If he was found sleeping at his post, he would be killed at once as punishment for his crime.上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky21 6 The road Carter Druse had been sent to guard was only a few

25、 miles from his fathers house. 7 It began in a forest, down in the valley, and climbed up the side of a huge rock. Anyone standing on the top of this high rock would be able to see down into the valley. And that person would feel very dizzy, looking down. Translation6 6 卡特卡特德鲁兹奉命放哨的这条德鲁兹奉命放哨的这条路离他父亲

26、的住宅只有几英里的距路离他父亲的住宅只有几英里的距离。离。 7 7 路从峡谷下的一片森林延伸到路从峡谷下的一片森林延伸到一块巨大的山岩上。任何一个人站一块巨大的山岩上。任何一个人站在这块高高的山岩上都能看到下面在这块高高的山岩上都能看到下面的深谷。往下看，会令人头晕目眩的深谷。往下看，会令人头晕目眩。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Note that “looking down” is a present participial phrase modifying the subject. 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky228 Hidden

27、 in the valleys forest were five Union regiments thousands of Carters fellow soldiers. They had marched for thirty-six hours. Now they were resting. But at midnight they would climb that road up the rocky cliff. Translation 北方联邦军的五个步兵团北方联邦军的五个步兵团数千名卡特的战友数千名卡特的战友隐藏在谷隐藏在谷底的森林中。他们刚刚行进了底的森林中。他们刚刚行进了3636

28、个个小时，现在正在休息，但午夜时分小时，现在正在休息，但午夜时分他们将沿着那条路攀爬到石崖上。他们将沿着那条路攀爬到石崖上。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext regiment: n. C（军队的）团cf. squad班；platoon排；company连；battalion营；regiment团；brigade旅；division师；army集团军，兵团 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky23 9 Their plan was to attack by surprise an army of Southerners, camped on the

29、 other side of the cliff. But if their enemy learned about the Union Army hiding in the forest, the soldiers would find themselves in a trap with no escape. That was why Carter Druse had been sent to the road to make sure that no enemy soldier spied on the valley, where the Union Army was hiding. Tr

30、anslation他们的计划是突袭宿营在悬崖他们的计划是突袭宿营在悬崖另一侧的南方军部队，但是如果敌另一侧的南方军部队，但是如果敌方知道联邦军隐藏在森林里，北方方知道联邦军隐藏在森林里，北方的士兵就会陷入困境，难以脱身。的士兵就会陷入困境，难以脱身。这正是卡特这正是卡特德鲁兹受命在这条路德鲁兹受命在这条路上放哨的原因。他的职责就是确保上放哨的原因。他的职责就是确保没有敌军士兵侦察联邦军藏身的峡没有敌军士兵侦察联邦军藏身的峡谷。谷。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Questions about Para. 9 attack (sb.) by surprise: 出其不意

31、地攻击某人，突袭e.g. Pearl Harbor was attacked by surprise and suffered a heavy loss. King though it is, the lion has to capture a prey by attacking it by surprise. spy on:侦查，打探e.g. He was charged with spying on American military bases in Iraq. He was paid by the police to spy on other suspects. 2. Text: A

32、Horseman in the Sky24 5. What was the plan of Carters army?Their plan was to attack by surprise an army of Southerners camped on the other side of the cliff.上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext6. What was Carters duty as a guard in the bushes?He had been sent to the road to make sure that no enemy soldier sp

33、ied on the valley, where the Union Army was hiding.2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky25 10 But Carter Druse had fallen asleep. Suddenly, as if a messenger of fate came to touch him on the shoulder, the young man opened his eyes. As he lifted his head, he saw a man on horseback standing on the huge rocky

34、 cliff. His first feeling was a keen artistic delight. (To be continued)Translation 然而卡特然而卡特德鲁兹却睡着了德鲁兹却睡着了。突然，仿佛命运信使拍了拍他的。突然，仿佛命运信使拍了拍他的肩膀，这位年轻人睁开了眼睛。他肩膀，这位年轻人睁开了眼睛。他抬起头望去，只见在那块巨大的石抬起头望去，只见在那块巨大的石崖顶部，有个人正端坐在马背上。崖顶部，有个人正端坐在马背上。他的第一感觉是一种强烈的艺术震他的第一感觉是一种强烈的艺术震撼。撼。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Note that i

35、t is idiomatic in English to say “to touch / hit / pat sb. on / in part of his / her body” rather than to say “to touch / hit / pat part of ones body”. e.g. The lady struck the robber in the face and knocked him down. Meaning: Suddenly, Carter woke up just at a critical juncture, as if it were the w

36、ork of God sending an angel to awake him. 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky26On the colossal pedestal of the cliff was a statue of impressive dignity. Carter could not see the mans face, because the rider was looking down into the valley. The figure of the man sat on the figure of the horse, straight a

37、nd soldierly, but with the repose of a Grecian god carved in the marble which limits the suggestion of activity. Translation在悬崖这个巨大的基座上，矗立在悬崖这个巨大的基座上，矗立着一尊庄严的雕像。那位骑兵正俯着一尊庄严的雕像。那位骑兵正俯视谷底，卡特看不见他的脸。男子视谷底，卡特看不见他的脸。男子坐在马背上，腰板挺直，颇具军人坐在马背上，腰板挺直，颇具军人风度，如同古希腊神的大理石雕像风度，如同古希腊神的大理石雕像般平静安详、纹丝不动。般平静安详、纹丝不动。 上海交通大

38、学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Question about Para. 10 soldierly: a. 有军人气质的；英武的e.g. soldierly courage 军人的勇气；soldierly manner 军人风度cf. manly有男子汉气概的，强壮的 ； w o m a n l y 女 人 味 的 ；scholarly有学者风度的 suggestion: n. U 暗示；联想；迹象e.g. The slogans on the wall gave the suggestion of the past. There was never any suggestion

39、 of criminal involvement. 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky27 7. How did Carter feel at the first sight of the horseman standing on the cliff?At the sight of the horseman, his first feeling was a keen artistic delight, as if he was admiring a statue of impressive dignity.上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext2. T

40、ext: A Horseman in the Sky28 11 Carter discovered he was very much afraid, even though he knew the enemy soldier could not see him hiding in the bushes. 12 Suddenly the horse moved, pulling back its head from the edge of the cliff. Wide awake, Carter was alive to the significance of the situation no

41、w. He raised his gun and aimed for the horsemans heart. A small squeeze of the trigger, and Carter Druse would have done his duty. Translation 尽管卡特清楚敌兵看不到他尽管卡特清楚敌兵看不到他正藏于灌木丛中，他还是感到极度正藏于灌木丛中，他还是感到极度恐惧。恐惧。 突然，马动了一下，从悬崖突然，马动了一下，从悬崖边后退了一些。卡特现在完全清醒边后退了一些。卡特现在完全清醒了，他意识到眼前形势非常严峻。了，他意识到眼前形势非常严峻。他端起枪，瞄准了骑手的心

42、脏。只他端起枪，瞄准了骑手的心脏。只要轻轻一扣扳机，卡特要轻轻一扣扳机，卡特德鲁兹就德鲁兹就算完成任务了。算完成任务了。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext be alive to sth.: 意识到，注意到e.g. The company is alive to the threat posed by foreign imports. Meaning: Carter was completely awake, and he realized how serious the situation was. aim for / at: 瞄准，对准e.g. He was aimi

43、ng at the tree but he missed. squeeze: n. C 挤压；捏e.g. He gave her shoulder a comforting squeeze. squeeze 还可以引申，意为“挤，塞（的状况）”。e.g. We managed to get all the luggage into the car but it was a tight squeeze. 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky29 13 At that instant, the horseman turned his head and looked in C

44、arters direction. He seemed to look at Carters face, into his eyes, and deep into his brave, generous heart. 14 Carters face became very white. His entire body began shaking. His mind began to race. In his fantasy, the horse and rider became black figures, rising and falling in slow circles against

45、a fiery red sky. Translation1313 就在那一瞬间，骑手转过就在那一瞬间，骑手转过头，朝卡特的方向望过来，好像头，朝卡特的方向望过来，好像正看着他的脸庞、他的眼睛，直正看着他的脸庞、他的眼睛，直视他勇敢宽容的心灵。视他勇敢宽容的心灵。1414 卡特的脸顿时煞白，浑身卡特的脸顿时煞白，浑身颤抖，脑海里思绪翻滚。虚幻中颤抖，脑海里思绪翻滚。虚幻中，骑手和马变成了黑色的影子，骑手和马变成了黑色的影子，在火红的天空下缓缓地绕着圈升在火红的天空下缓缓地绕着圈升起、落下。起、落下。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext fantasy: n. C, U 想象；

46、幻想e.g. He dismissed the story as “pure fantasy”. romantic fantasies of love 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky30 15 Carter did not pull the trigger. Instead, he let go of his gun. 16 Brave and strong as he was, Carter almost fainted from the shock of what he had seen. 17 Is it so terrible to kill an ene

47、my who might kill you and your friends? Carter knew that this man must be shot from ambush without warning. Translation 卡特没有扣动扳机，而是松卡特没有扣动扳机，而是松开了枪。开了枪。 尽管他勇敢而坚强，卡特还尽管他勇敢而坚强，卡特还是被眼前的景象震惊了，几乎晕倒是被眼前的景象震惊了，几乎晕倒过去。过去。 杀死一个有可能置你和战友杀死一个有可能置你和战友于死地的敌人是件可怕的事吗？卡于死地的敌人是件可怕的事吗？卡特知道，他必须不加警告，从潜伏特知道，他必须不加警告，从潜伏处将

48、这个人击毙。处将这个人击毙。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Meaning: Although he was so brave and strong, Carter was so shocked at what he had seen that he almost lost his senses. let go of: 松手，放开e.g. Let go of him. He is only a passer-by. She refused to let go of her bag and kicked the robber several times. 2. Text

49、: A Horseman in the Sky3118 Slowly, a hope began to form in Carter Druses mind. Perhaps the Southern soldier had not seen the Northern troops. 19 Perhaps he was only admiring the view. Perhaps he would now turn and ride carelessly away. 20 Then Carter looked down into the valley and saw a line of me

50、n in blue uniforms, slowly leaving the forest and bringing their horses to a stream. And there they were in plain sight!Translation18 18 慢慢地，卡特心里浮现出一丝慢慢地，卡特心里浮现出一丝希望：也许这个南方军士兵并没有发希望：也许这个南方军士兵并没有发现北方军部队。现北方军部队。19 19 也许他仅仅在欣赏风景。也许也许他仅仅在欣赏风景。也许他会调转马头，漫不经心地离去。他会调转马头，漫不经心地离去。20 20 卡特低头往峡谷望去，只见身卡特低头往峡谷望去，

51、只见身穿蓝色制服的士兵排成一条线，正缓穿蓝色制服的士兵排成一条线，正缓缓离开森林，牵着马去一条小溪饮水缓离开森林，牵着马去一条小溪饮水。他们让自己的行踪完全暴露了！。他们让自己的行踪完全暴露了！ 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky32 21 Carter Druse looked back to the man and horse standing there against the sky. Again he took aim. But this time he pointed his gun at the h

52、orse. Words rang in his head the last words his father ever spoke to him: “No matter what happens, be sure you always do what you think is your duty.” 22 Carter Druse was calm as he pulled the trigger of his gun. Translation2121 卡特卡特德鲁兹的视线重新回德鲁兹的视线重新回到蓝天映衬下矗立着的骑手和马的到蓝天映衬下矗立着的骑手和马的身上。他再次瞄准，但这次他瞄准身上。他

53、再次瞄准，但这次他瞄准的是马。他耳边响起那些话的是马。他耳边响起那些话他他父亲最后说的那些话：父亲最后说的那些话：“无论发生无论发生什么事，一定要完成你心目中应尽什么事，一定要完成你心目中应尽的职责。的职责。”2222 扣动扳机那一瞬间，卡特扣动扳机那一瞬间，卡特德鲁兹非常平静。德鲁兹非常平静。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Pay attention to the meaning of the preposition against: here it means “with sth. in the background, as a contrast (以为背景，衬托

54、)”.e.g. The picture looks good against that light wall. The dark ruins of the castle stood out against the evening sky. Question about Para. 212. Text: A Horseman in the Sky33 8. Why did Carter shoot the horse instead of the man?In order to save his army, Carter knew the man must be killed, but he c

55、ould not bring himself to shoot at his own father, so he shot the horse instead.上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky34 23 At that moment, a Union officer happened to look up from his hiding place near the edge of the forest. His eyes climbed to the top of the cliff that looked o

56、ver the valley. 24 And then the officer saw something that filled his heart with horror. A man on a horse was riding down into the valley through the air! Translation 与此同时，一个联邦军军与此同时，一个联邦军军官无意中从森林边缘的隐蔽处往官无意中从森林边缘的隐蔽处往上看，目光落在俯瞰峡谷的悬崖上看，目光落在俯瞰峡谷的悬崖顶上。顶上。 接着，军官看到了令他恐接着，军官看到了令他恐怖的一幕怖的一幕个人骑着马，正从个人骑着马，正从空中

57、向峡谷冲下来。空中向峡谷冲下来。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext 2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky35 25 The rider sat straight, a strong clutch upon the reins to hold his charger from too impetuous a plunge. From his bare head his long hair streamed upward. His hands were concealed in the cloud of the horses lifted mane.

58、The horse looked as if it were galloping across the sky. Its body was proud and noble. Translation2525 骑手端坐着，勒紧了缰绳，骑手端坐着，勒紧了缰绳，避免战马过于冲动。他没戴帽子，避免战马过于冲动。他没戴帽子，长发飞舞，双手被扬起的浓密马鬃长发飞舞，双手被扬起的浓密马鬃盖住。那匹马威风凛凛，仿佛正在盖住。那匹马威风凛凛，仿佛正在横跨天空。横跨天空。 上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 BackNext impetuous: a. 鲁莽的；性急的；冲动的e.g. He is thought

59、to be an impetuous young man. conceal: vt. 隐藏；隐蔽；隐瞒e.g. He concealed himself behind a tree. Concealing evidence from the police is a serious offense. Meaning: Sitting straight on the horse, the rider held the reins tightly in order to restrain the horse from jumping down recklessly.Meaning: His hand

60、s were buried in the thick mass of long hair on the horses neck.2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky36 26 As the frightened Union officer watched this horseman in the sky, he almost believed he was witnessing a messenger from Heaven. At almost the same instant, he heard a crashing sound in the trees. The soun