O9高三英语语法复习专题(三)

1、O9高三英语语法复习专题（三）时态、语态编写人：孟春林 审核人： 路惠玲【时态的基本概念】时态是表示谓语动作时间概念的动词形式。英语中的时态专指谓语动词而言，不同时间概念的谓语动作有不同的时态，每一个时态又有各自不同的动词形式。高中阶段要求学生熟练掌握八种时态，此外现在完成进行时在高中教材中反复出现，也应列入“应知应会”的范围。1.一般现在时：经常发生的动作或规律性的动作。注意第三人称单数的动词形式。Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。I will not stop

2、my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. 2.一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。常与yesterday, last，ago等典型的一般过去时的时间状语连用。Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could. 3.一般将来时：将要发生

3、的动作。-Its a bit windy today, isnt it?-Yes, it is. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。Im doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. Im trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me? 现在进行时同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评

4、，不喜欢等感情色彩。They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. 5.过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. Over 500 people were working in t

5、he building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. 6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。强调对现在的影响。Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 同现在的联系是：朱夫人知道了口信的内容。We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you. 同现在的联系是：现在你们已经知道有关她的经历，据此作出决定。7.过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早

6、的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。I could see from her face that she had got some good news.本句中had got some good news 发生在could see from her face之前，比较容易看出“过去的过去”，应该不会产生理解上的困难。8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。I thought it was going to be fun. 针对 I thought 这个过去的动作而言的将来。9.现在完成

7、进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直”。People have been talking of it a lot recently. 最近人们一直在大量地谈论这件事。Pippas parents have been waiting for them. Pippa的父母一直在等他们。【相关知识及运用】1. 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时

8、态区别开。(1) 一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge. 向读者陈述1775年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息。(2) 现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况：a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。-Would you go to see the film with me this

9、 evening?-Sorry, I have seen it before.“看”的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”。b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for、since一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (从毕业一直延续到现在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. (20年前发生的 “live”，一直延续到现在)现在完成时用法注意点：a) 常用的时间状语：ever, never, once, tw

10、ice, yet, just, before, recently, lately, so far, up to now, these days, this month, since, for等。b) 在现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。 He has arrived.(正) He has arrived for two hours.(误) He has been here for two hours.(正) He arrived here two hours ago.(正)c) 在It/This is the first time that. 和It/ This is t

11、he +形容词最高级+名词+that.结构中，从句用现在完成时。This is the best film I have ever seen. d) 在since引导的从句中，时间从从句动作完成或结束时算起。I haven't heard from him since he lived in Nanjing.自从他离开南京后，我就没有他的消息。 (3) 过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。When I got to the cinem

12、a, the film had begun.got to the cinema是过去的动作，had begun则发生在got to the cinema 之前。过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely.when., no sooner.than.结构中。No sooner had they left the building than a bomb end,mean, hope, want, plan等用过去完成时表示本打算做而没有做。I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came

13、to see me just when I was about to leave.2. 进行时态的两种概念现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。(1) 现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。基于这一特点，下列句子通常用现在进行时，以表达动作没有结束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.Im getting on well with my English.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。I was doin

14、g my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.(2) 阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。He is writing a new novel these days. 这些天他一直在写一本新小说。（没有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year. 这些工人们去年一直在修建一座桥。 3. 将来时的五种动词形式(1) will(shall)+动词原形，用以表示“预见”和“主观意图”G

15、o through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.（表示“预见”）Lets go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. (表示“主观意图”，临时的决定，不用be going to)(2) be going to + 动词原形，用以表示“打算做某事”或“已经有迹象将要发生的情况。Im going to cut this tree down. (表示“打算”)Look at the cloud. I

16、t is going to rain. (有迹象表明将要下雨)(3) be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 非人所能安排的行为，不能用此结构。I think I'm going to faint.(正) I think I'm to faint.(误) (4) be about to +动词原形，用以表示说话时即将发生的动作，不能和表示将来的时间状语连用

17、。I am just about to ask you the same question. 我正要问你同样的问题。(5) 用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念, 表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作或即将开始的动作。常用的动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, make, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, do, give, have, pay, join,spend, sleep, take等。How many of you are making the trip? Is anybody seeing you off?We are hav

18、ing a meeting this afternoon.4. 时态的呼应主从句要兼顾时态的前后呼应，尤其是宾语从句，当主句是现在时态的时候，从句可用现在、过去或将来的相关时态；当主句是过去时态的时候，从句只能用与过去相关的时态，但客观事实、 真理、谚语等不受限制。I know who is (was, will be, has been) in charge of the work.Our teacher told us that the moon travels round the earth once every month. The spokesman said that Obama

19、will pay a visit to China next month.【语态的基本概念】语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作，谓语动作的对象或承受者为宾语。即主语同谓语具有语意上的逻辑关系，谓语同宾语具有语意上的逻辑关系。被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承受者做句子的主语，这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part o

20、f the world to another. 谓语动词use同主语satellites for broadcasting具有逻辑动宾关系，因此使用被动语态。我们可以将这个句子恢复成正常的主、谓、宾关系：We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相关知识及运用】在语言实践中，语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语态形式。被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词be + 过去分词。凡需进行时态变化时，只将be 变为

21、与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。动词do 的时态、语态形式变化对照表主动语态被动语态一般现在时do ( does )am(is, are )+ done一般过去时didwas(were )+ done一般将来时will(shall) dowill be + done现在进行时am(is , are )doingam(is,are)being+done过去进行时was(were) doingwas(were)being+done现在完成时have(has) donehave(has)been+done过去完成时had donehad been+done过去将来时would dowould

22、be + done现在完成进行时have(has)been doing没有被动形式过去完成进行时had been doing没有被动形式Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me; Follow Me to Science.Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane. They are already being used in agriculture and industry.Computer will be

23、used more and more in transport. A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people . 时态语态基础训练I. 用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充。1. Let's keep to the point or we _ never_ (reach) any decisions.2. My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I_ (miss) half of it.3. I dont t

24、hink Jim saw me; he _ just _ (stare) into space.4. I _ (ask) you not to move my dictionarynow I can't find it.5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go t

25、o their wedding? -No, I _ _ _ (invite). Did they have a big wedding? 7. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ _(see) each other a coupl

26、e of times before that.9. His wife _ _ (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.10. I _ _ (catch) in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11. I found the sentence _ _ (not read) smoothly.12. What he had said at the meeting _ (prove) true.13. -Did you see Tom at the party? - No. He _ _

27、 (leave) by the time I arrived.14. - How time flies! Its already 10 oclock. - Oh, I _ _ (not realize) it at all.15. - Im sorry that I shouldnt have been so rude to you. - You did_ (lose) your temper but thats OK.II.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句 ：1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _

28、 _(一直抓着) him but failed.2. -What were you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had just finished my work and _ _(正准备开始)to take a shower. 3. -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I _ _ (在等候)for a friend from England at the airport. 4. - Why havent you asked her to come here? - She _ _(正在做) an

29、 important experiment when I found her and she hasnt finished it. 5. - What were you up to when she dropped in? - I_ _(刚玩了一会儿)for a while and _ _ _ _(正打算看书) some reading.6. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _often_(会看到) advertisement showing happy families.7. - What place is it? - Ha

30、vent you seen that we are back where we _(回到了原地)?8. - Tomorrow is my birthday. Id like you and Jane to come. - Im not sure if she _ _ (将)free. 9. The crazy fans _ _ _(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived. 10. You _ _ (要求你ask) not to move the desknow it is brok

31、en.时态语态强化训练1. By the time I saw the angry expression on his face, I _ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment _ I should quit. A. had known ; I thought B. have known ; had I thought C. would know ; I would think D. knew ; did I think2. In such a fierce competition, a person has to ma

32、ke every effort if he _. A. has succeeded B. is to succeed C. should succeed D. will succeed3. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it _ till tomorrow. A. was put off B. will put off C. has been put off D. is put off4. I thought you were going to leave early toda

33、y to take your son to the show. I _, but I cant leave until I finish typing all the letters. A. had planned to B. planned to C. am still planning to D. was still planning to 5. Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _ for Wenchuan to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few word

34、s. A. has just left B. was just leaving C. had just left D. just left6. He _ fault with other people though he doesnt do his work properly. A. always finds B. has always found C. is always finding D. always found7. Im very disappointed with my neighbor. She said she would keep her cat off my grass,

35、but she _. A. didnt B. hasnt C. wouldnt D. hadnt8. Why were you not at the concert ? I _ a close game between two European football teams. A. watchedB. had watched C. was watchingD. have been watching9. -You've agreed to go? So why aren't you getting ready? -But I _ that you would have me st

36、art at once. A. don't realize B. hadn't realized C. didn't realize D. am not realizing10. -You havent said a word about my new hair-style, Molly. Do you like it? -Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say11.H

37、ave you ever visited the Slender West Lake？ Yes. When I was in Yangzhou, I it twice. A. have visited B. visited C. had visited D. would visit12. -Remember the first time we met, Susan? -Of course I do. You _ in the library. A. read B. had read C. were reading D. would read13. It seems that you _ thi

38、s report or you can see what I questioned just now. A. dont readB. didnt readC. havent readD. hadnt read14. - My flight _ . I'd better be on my way. Goodbye. - Bye. Happy landing! A. was announced B. is being announced C. has announced D. is announced15. This time next week, we _astronauts from

39、the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems. A. will seeB. will have seenC. will be seeingD. shall see16. Those who were late for school this morning, down your names on the blackboard! A. write B. wrote C. are writing D. will write时态语态高考题 2007年高考1. The flowers were so lovely that the

40、y _ in no time. （全国卷I） A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell2. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. （全国卷II） A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt3. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other

41、for nearly two years. （安徽卷） A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking4. How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do for you. （北京卷） A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see5. I got caught in the rain an

42、d my suit_.（北京卷） A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined6. It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh, dont mention it. I _past your house anyway. （北京卷） A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come7. As the years passed, many occasionsbirthdays, awards

43、, graduations_. with Dads flowers. （湖南卷） A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked 8. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _.（江苏卷） A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? （江苏卷） Yes. We had a g

44、reat time there. A. Have shown B. Do showC. Had shown D. Did show10. Ouch! You hurt me! I am sorry. But I any harm. I to drive a rat out. （江西卷） A. didnt mean; tried B. dont mean; am trying C. havent meant; tried D. didnt mean; was trying11. I have got a headache. No wonder. You in front of that comp

45、uter too long. （江西卷） A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked12. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it seriously. （上海春） Adamaged Bwas being damaged Chad damaged Dhad been damaged13. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology. （天津卷

46、） A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered14. Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷） _? Thats his third one in just one month. A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he 15. Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) _birds kept in cages in order to have the plea

47、sure of setting them free. （重庆卷） A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. . had said to buy D. has said to have bought16. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. （辽宁卷） A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading17. Has your father returned f

48、rom Africa yet? （辽宁卷） Yes, but he _here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be2008年高考 1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive. （全国I卷） A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected2. -Did yo

49、u watch the basketball match yesterday? （安徽卷） -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played3. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. （安徽卷） A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught4. Do you have any

50、problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. （湖南卷） A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered5. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. （山东卷） A. walks B. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked6. Though we dont know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic_.（陕西卷） A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed7. Whats that noise? （浙江卷） Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ A. was