2018高考真题英语-全国卷I卷

1、2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1）英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Y

2、ourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.Explorethemonumentsan

3、dmemorialsontheNationalMailasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywayw

4、ithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroutel（&线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours（7miles）Joinasmallgroupbiketourforaneve

5、ningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitalHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremakeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.

6、 Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A. CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B. WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C. CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D. WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBikeTour.22. WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseu

7、ms.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23. Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritainsSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsona

8、tightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshesbeenabletoputalotofwhatsheslearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,

9、I4,Finn,13.andJack,11WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,sheexplains,“Ipay5isforaportW),(butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood.Butsometimeswerenotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-pa

10、rtseries(系歹U节目)，SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITVsSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpenses,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.IntonightsFasterspecial,theycometotheaidof

11、afamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspiraticonabudget.Thetamtransformsthefamilyslongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltasrecipes.24. WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?26. Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A. Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinf

12、ormation.D.Introduceanewtopicforthediscussion.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?B. BalancingOurDailyDietD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwassillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,smalltightlyknit(联系

13、)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfew

14、erinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytak

15、ingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1000;Africa2400;andAsiaand

16、thePacificperhaps3200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber中位数)ofspeakersisamere6000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,Busumi

17、nCameroon(eightremainingSpeaker),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark)noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinth

18、emorning.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A. Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.B. Shehasstartedanewprogramme.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef30. Howmanylanguag

19、esarespokenbylessthan6000peopleatpresent?A.About6800B.About3400C.About2400D.About120031. Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A. Newlanguageswillbecreated.B. Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.C. Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D. Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwereuitureth

20、atgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevice葭装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thatbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareu

21、sing.CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desk

22、topcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidntthrowoutouroldones.“Thdiving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedint

23、hekidsroom,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVofthehouse,saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhousehold1992to13in2007.Werenotjustkeepingtheseolddevwe escontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbittsteam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdevicewithth

24、eirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhatsthesolution（解决方案）?Theteamsdateonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforword

25、processingandTVviewing.TheyfoundthatmoreondemandenvironmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35. Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题；每小

26、题2分，满分10分）A.Theydevelopedveryfast.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.29. WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsA. Complex.C.Powerful.B. Theywerelargeinnumber.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.“dominannparagoler：iin2?B.Advanced.D.Modern.32. Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.C.Theycostmoretouse

27、athome.33. WhydidBabbittsteamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.devices.34. Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A. Thebox-setTV.B. Theyarenobetterthantheold.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofth

28、eB.Thetablet.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyoullalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyoulllovetoliveinroomthatfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloris

29、thekeytomakearoomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthererereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.3

30、8.Theyrethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususedtoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepieces

31、suchassofa,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisioninyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryouatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A.Whileall

32、ofthemareusefulB.WhateveryourelookingforC.IfyoureexperimentingwithacolorD.SmallcolorchoicesaretheonesweremostfamiliarwithE.ItsnotreallyagoodideatctoxsenanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分语言知

33、识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferingacourse,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I_41_theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesntwantto42afewdollars?Mor

34、ethanthat,Idalwayswantedtolearnchess.Andwerent_43_enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44_wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which_45_Iwoundbelearningfromoneofthegames_46_.Icouldhawaitto_47_him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis_48_wasnogameforhim:

35、hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit_49_thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto_50_theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto_51_whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand_52_toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat_53_andlearnlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe_54_.Ten

36、yearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,Imstillputtingtousewhathe_55_me:mostimportant_56_thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood_57_.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto_58_asituation,processwhatyouropponent（对手）isdoingand_59_thebest阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,run

37、nerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdonthavetorunfastorfor10ng62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsays4it(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheautho

38、rsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwiseitsprobablyrurkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles肌肉),avoidhillsandg

39、etgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditalways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(八)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2 .只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywere