英语词缀小结

1、一.表示否定的前缀1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。disadvantage(缺点dishonorable(不光彩的disagree(不同意2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的,inability(无能,无力,inaccurate(不准确的3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible(不顺能的,impolite(不礼貌的,impudence(厚颜无耻4.il-加在以1开头的词前illegal(非法的,illiterate(文盲的,无文化的illogical(不合逻辑的5.ir-加在以r开头的词前irregular(不稳定的,irresistable(不可抵抗

2、的,irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的 6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfinished(未完成的undoubted(无疑的unemployment(失业7.non-加在形容词,名词前non-existence(不存在,non-essential(不主要的,non-electrical(非电的8.mis-加在动词、名词之前misunderstand(误解,misjudge(误判,misleading(误导,misfortune(不幸9.dis-加地动词之前disappear(消失,disarm(解除武装,disconnect(失去联系10.de-加在名词,形容词之前dem

3、obilize(遣散;使复员 decolor (脱色, 漂白11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-Japanese(抗日战争,anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的,antidite(解毒药 12.counter-加在名词、动词前counterattack(反攻,反击,counteract(抵抗,阻碍counterrevolution(反革命二.表示“前before”的前缀1.pre-preconception(成见,pre-exsiting(先于而存在的,pre-selection(选举前的preface (前言2.Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室,antecessor

4、(先行者,先驱者3.Fore-forehaed(前额,foreground(前景,foreman(工头,领班,foresee(预见,先见, foretell(预言4.Pro-programme(计划,prologue(序幕5.Ex-ex-president(前任总统ex-wife(前妻三.表示“后-post”的前缀1.post-post-war(战后,post-position(后置词,postmeridian(下午四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀1.Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪,hypothesis(假设,pypocholoride(次氯酸盐2.Infra-Infra-red(红外线

5、,infrahuman(低于人类的,infrasonic(亚声的,次声的3.Sub-Sub-editou(副编辑,sub-way(地铁,sub-conscious(下意识的,submarine(海下的, subtropical(亚热带的,subtitle(副标题五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀1.Re-Refuel(给加油,retranslate(再译,reinforce(加强,reconstruct(重建,return (返回2.Retro-Retrograde(倒退的,retrospect(回顾六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀1.Co-co-exist(共存,co-operate(合

6、作,co-education(男女同校七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀1.Inter-Interchangeble(可互换的,interdipendert(互相依靠的,international(国际的, inter-national(交往八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀1.Ec-Eclipse(蚀,ecstasy(狂想2.Extra-Extraordinary(非凡的,extramural(校外的,extrasensory(超感觉的九.表示“超过”的前缀1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-hyper-sensitive(过敏的,preterhuman

7、(超人的十.其它的前缀1.auto-自automatic(自动的,auto-autobilgraphy(自传2.mal-坏,恶Malnutrition(营养不良,maltreat(虐待3.Micro-Microscope(显微镜,microtome(切片机4.Tele-远Telegram(电报,telephone(电话,telescope(望远镜5.Demi-,semi-hemi-Semi-circle(半圆,hemisphere(半球,demilune(半月,新月6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独Monotone(单调,monologue(独白,uniform(制服7.Bi-,di-二

8、Biyearly(二年一次的,biweekly(二周一次的,dichloride(二氯化物8.Tri-三Triangle(三角,tripld(三角架9.Multi-多multi-colored(颜色多样的,multi-national(多国的10.Poly 多Polygon(多角形,polytomic(多原子的11.Arch-首领archbishop(大主教,architect(建筑师12.bene-善,好benefit(利益,benevolence(善意13.homo-同homosexual(同性恋的,homograph(同形异义字14.neo新neo-colonialism(新殖民主义,n

9、eolithic(新石器时代的15.ortho-正确,直orthogonal(直角的,orthodox(正统16.philo-挚爱philosopher(哲学家17.proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢,prototype(原型,protoplasm(原生质18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的pseudonym(匿名,pseudo-communism(假共产主义19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前从,自avoid(避免,absent(缺少的,abstain(抑制,abstract(吸引20.Apo-,aph-来自apology(道歉,谢罪,apostle(倡言者,先

10、驱21.se-分离separation(分开,secure(安全的,sedition(煽动叛乱22.para-防parachute(降落伞,23.omni-所有的,公共的omnibus(公共汽车,omnipotence(万能24.pan-全,泛Pan-American(全美的,pancean(万灵药,panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒25.panto-全pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界,pantoscopic(视野广大26.dia-通过,借以diagonal(对角的,diagnosis(诊断,dialogue(对话27.Per-通过,彻底,不利perambrlate(走来走去,per

11、fect极好的28.trans-通过,横过transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录,translation(翻译,trxnsparent(透明的,transport(运输,trans-plant(移植29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全comment(评论,compile(编辑,correlation(相互关系,collect(收集,corruption (贪污腐败,collaborate(合作,合著30.syn-共同synonym(同义词,synchronization(同步,syntonic(谐振的,synthetic(人工的,合成的31.meta-和,在之后met

12、aphor(比喻,metaphysics(形而上学32.Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的33.pen-几乎,相近peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状的, 形成半岛的34.en-,em-往里,使encamp(扎营,enable(使能,endear(使受喜爱,embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会 35.intro内在intracardiac(心脏内部的,intramolecular(分子内部的,intracelular(细胞内部的 36.intro-到中introduce(介绍,introspect(反省,内省37.dys-坏dyspepsia(消化不良,dysent

13、ry(痢疾38.Eu-优,美好eulogy(颂词,euphony(悦耳的声音39.ambi-,amphi-两者amphibian(两栖的,ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的40.penta-五pentagon(五角大楼,pentagram(五角星,pentameter(五步诗句41.sex-六sexangle(六角,sexennial(六年一度的42.sept-七September九月(古罗马的七月,septennial(七年一度43.hepta-七heptab(七个成套之物,heptagon(七角形44.octa-,octo,oct八octagon(八角形,o

14、ctuple(八倍October (十月45.nona-,ennea-九nonagon(九角形,ennead(九个一组46.deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位的,decagramme(十克47.centi-百centimeter(厘米,centipede(蜈蚣48.milli-千millenias(千年的,millimeter(毫米49.Kilo-千kilowatt(千瓦,kilometer(千米后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity例词:gamester

15、,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer, auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things例词:booklet,leaflet, starlet3.-ette意为:1小的东西(small例词:cigarette 2假的东西(imitation例词:leatherette3女性(female例词:usherette4.-ess意为:女性(female例词:actress,poetess,hostess

16、,paintress5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains例词:cupful,handful,mouthful, spoonful8.-tion,-ion意为:1状态,行动等(state;action;etc.例

17、词:action,oppression, possession,education,starva- tion 2机构等(institution;etc.例词:organization,foundation 9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.例词:movement,enslavement, pavement10.-al意为:动作(action例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.例词:wastage,coverage,acreage, shrink

18、age,breakage,hostage12.-ness;-ity(ty意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.例词:happiness,usefulness, selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of例词:idealism,impressionism, absenteeism,racism二、动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or beco

19、me例词:beautify,diversify, simplify2.-ize;-en意为:使,变得(to make or become ;to make into例词:modernize, popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate意为:增加,使(give or add,make or become例词:originate,hydrogenate, validate,differentiate三、形容词后缀:常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of

20、;hav- ing;giving;etc.例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful, helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving例词:speechless,childless,harmless, hopeless,meaningless3.-ly意为:有品质的(having the qualities of例词:beastly,manly,brotherly, friendly4.-like意为:像的(like例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y;

21、-ish意为:像一般的(somewhat like例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy, watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish6.-some意为:像一样的;引起的;有品质的(like;causing;having the quality of例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7.-able(ible意为:能的;可以的(able to be ;capable例词:changeable, readable,drinkable,comfortable,e

22、xpansible,convincible6 8-ed 意为：有的（having，etc ）例词：wooded，pointed，moneyed， odd-shaped 9-al 意为：有属性的，类型的（nature of，typical of）例词：cultural，personal， regional，musical 10-ary（ory）意为：属于的，与相连的（belonging to；connected with）例词： revolutionary，imaginary， contradictory 11 -ous 意为： 富含的； 有品质的； 像的 （full of； having the qualit