商务英语词汇大全

1、商务英语词汇大全面对环境问题的巨大挑战，以有效利用资源和保护环境为基础的循环经济，越来越受到重视，循环经济成为国际新话题。以下是一组相关说法：1. 与传统经济不同的是，循环经济倡导一种基于不断循环利用资源的发展模式。Unliketraditionaleconomy,cycliceconomyadvocatesamodelofdevelopmentonthebasisofconstantandcirculatoryuseofresource.2. 在循环经济中，人们可以合理、持久地利用物质和能源，同时尽量减少经济活动对自然环境的不良影响。Incycliceconomy,peoplecanmake

2、useofmatterandenergyrationallyandeverlastingly,andatthesametimedecreasetheunfavorableeffectthateconomicactivitiesmaymakeuponournaturalenvironmentasfaraspossible.3. 最大限度地预防浪费和再生利用各种材料，可以实现循环经济。Acycliceconomywillbeachievedbycouplingmaximumwastepreventionwithmaterialrecycling.4. 节约各类能源和资源，努力发展循环经济。econ

3、omizeonenergyandresourcestodevelopacycliceconomy.economist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy经济mixedeconomy混合经济political economy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primarysector初级成分privatesector私营成

4、分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复understanding约定concentration集中holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure

5、基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,workingcapital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgoods资本货物res

6、erve准备金,储备金calling up of capital催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds资金捐献working capital fund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行currentaccount经常帐户（美作:checkingaccount）curre

7、nt-accountholder支票帐户（美作:checking-accountholder）无记cheque支票（美作:check）bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票travellerscheque旅行支票转让 ,chequebook支票簿,支票本（美作:checkbook）endorsement背书transfer转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,not

8、e钞票,纸币（美作:bill）topay（in）cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率浮动汇率foreignexchange外汇floatingexchangeratefreeexchangerates汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货speculation投机saving储装,存款depreciation减价,贬值devaluation（货币）贬值revalua

9、tion重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capitalflight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchange贡市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所stockexchange证券交易所,贡交易所quotation报价,牌价share股份,贡shareholder,stockholder贡持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment贡投资investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber贡经纪人stockcompany,

10、stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行贡parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷longterm

11、loan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人借款 interest 利息 rate ofdebtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowinginterest 利率 discount 贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity 年金 maturity-可编辑修改-到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment 拨款 short term credit短期信贷consolidated debt合并债务funded debt 固定

12、债务,长期债务floating debt流动债务drawing提款 ,提存aid 援助 allowance, grant, subsidy补贴, 补助金,津贴short term loan短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loanlender 债权人creditor 债权debtor 债务人 , 借方 borrower 借方 , 借款人borrowing借款 interest 利息rate of interest 利率 discount 贴现 ,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊

13、还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用expenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses

14、营业费用runningexpenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts杂项费用overheadexpenses间接费用,管理费用upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transportcosts运输费用socialcharges社会负担费用contingentexpenses,contingencies或有费用apportionmentofexpenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利

15、益毛额netincome纯收益,净收入,收益净额国收入averageincome平均收入nationalincomeprofitability,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,升值duty税taxationsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fiscalcharges财务税收progressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税valueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税landtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisofasse

16、ssment估税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的taxexemption免税taxpayer纳税人taxcollector收税员ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,C.C.P.I.T.中国国际贸易促进委员会NationalCouncilforUS-ChinaTrade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-ChinaEconomicAssociation日中经济协会AssociationforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,Japan日本国际贸易促进会Bri

17、tishCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade英国国际贸易促进委员会与开发组织共同体International Chamber of CommerceInternational Union of Marine InsuranceInternational Alumina AssociationUniversal Postal Union, UPUCustoms Co-operation Council, CCC国际商会国际海洋运输保险协会国际铝矶土协会万国邮政联盟关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development

18、 Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECDEuropean Economic Community, EEC, European Common MarketEuropean Free Trade Association, EFTA欧洲贸易联盟经济合作欧洲经济European Free Trade Area, EFTA欧洲贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten十国集团Committe

19、e of TwentyParis Club) 二十国委员会巴黎统筹委员会CoordinatingCommittee,COCOMCaribbeanCommonMarket,CCM,CaribbeanFree-TradeAssociation,CARIFTA加勒比共同市场（加勒比贸易同盟）AndeansCommonMarket,ACM,AndeansTreatyOrganization,ATO安第斯共同市场LatinAmericanFreeTradeAssociation,LAFTA拉丁美洲贸易联盟CentralAmericanCommonMarket,CACM中美洲共同市场AfricanandM

20、alagasyCommonOrganization,OCAM非洲与马尔加什共同组织EastAfricanCommonMarket,EACM东非共同市场CentralAfricanCustomsandEconomicUnion,CEUCA中非关税经济同盟WestAfricanEconomicCommunity,WAEC西非经济共同体OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries,OPEC石油输出国组织OrganizationofArabPetroleumExportingCountries,OAPEC阿拉伯石油输出国组织CommonwealthPrefe

21、renceArea英联邦特惠区CentreNationalduCommerceExterieur,NationalCenterofExternalTrade法国对外贸易中心PeoplesBankofChinaBankofChina中国银行World Bank 世界银行 发协会International Monetary Found AgreementInternational Monetary Found, IMFEuropean Economic and Monetary UnionEuropean Monetary Cooperation FundBank for Internationa

22、l Settlements, BISAfrican Development Bank, AFDBExport-Import Bank of WashingtonNational city Bank of New YorkAmerican Oriental Banking CorporationAmerican Express Co. Inc.Inter-American Development Bank, IDBInternational Development association, IDA美国万国宝通银行InternationalBankforReconstructionanddevel

23、opment,IBRD国际复兴开发银行国际开国际货币基金协定国际货币基金组织欧洲经济与货币同盟欧洲货币合作基金国际结算银行非洲开发银行美国进出口银行花旗银行美丰银行TheChaseBank大通银行泛美开发银行EuropeanInvestmentBank,EIB欧洲投资银行MidlandBank,Ltd.米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland瑞士联合银行DresdenBankA.G.德累斯敦银行银行展组织BankofTokyo,Ltd.东京银行HongkongandShanghaiCorporationInternationalFinanceCorporation,IFCL

24、aCommunauteFinancieveAfricaneEconomicandSocialCouncil,ECOSOCUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram,NUDP国际金融公司香港汇丰非洲金融共同体联合国经济及社会理事会联合国开发计划署UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund,UNCDFUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization,UNIDO联合国资本开发基金联合国工业发联合国贸UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,UNCTAD易与发展会

25、议FoodandAgriculturalOrganization,FAO粮食与农业组织,粮农组织EconomicCommissionforEurope,ECE欧洲经济委员会EconomicCommissionforLatinAmerica,ECLA拉丁美洲经济委员会敦贡市场EconomicCommissionforAsiaandFarEast,ECAFEEconomicCommissionforWesternAsia,ECWAEconomicCommissionforAfrica,ECAOverseasChineseInvestmentCompanyNewYorkStockExchange,N

26、YSE亚洲及远东经济委员会西亚经济委员会非洲经济委员会华侨投资公司纽约证券交易所LondonStockMarket波罗的海商业和航运交易所BalticMercantileandShippingExchangeinstruction,education教育culture文化primaryeducation初等教育secondaryeducation中等教育highereducation高等教育thethreeRs读、写、算schoolyear学年term,trimester学季semester学期schoolday教学日schoolholidays假期curriculum课程subject学科d

27、iscipline纪律timetable课程表class,lesson课homework家庭作业exercise练习dictation听写spellingmistake拼写错误（short）course短训班seminar研讨班playtime,break课间,休息toplaytruant,toplayhooky逃学,旷课courseofstudy）学业studentbody学生（总称）classmate,schoolmatepupil小学生student大学生schoolboy男生schoolgirl女生auditor旁听生swot,grind用的学生oldboy老生grant,schola

28、rship,fellowship奖学金holderofagrant,scholar,fellow奖学金获得者schooluniform校服teachingstaff教育工作者（总称）teachers教师（总称）primaryschoolteacher小学老师teacherlecturer大学老师professor教授schooling教授,授课assistant助教headmaster校长（女性为:headmistress）deputyheadmaster,deputyhead副校长rector校长dean教务长laboratoryassistant,labassistant实验员beadle

29、,porter门房,学校工友gamesmaster,gymteacher,gyminstructor体育教师privatetutor私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue文学教师（蔑称）ofschoolage教龄beginningofterm开学matriculation注册toenroll,toenroll予以注册totakelessons（学生）上课toteach（老师）上课tostudy学习tolearnbyheart记住,掌握to revise, to go over复习 test 考试 to test 考试totakeanexamination,tositanexamination,t

30、odoanexamination参加考试convocationnotice考试通知examiner考试者boardofexaminers考试团examinationoral,writtenexamination口试,笔试question问题questionpaper试卷crib夹带（美作:trot）topassanexamination（或exam）,通过考试pass,passinggrade升级prizegiving分配奖品tofallanexamination未通过考试failure未考好torepeatayear留级degree学位graduate毕业生tograduate毕业proje

31、ct,thesis毕业论文GeneralCertificateofEducation中学毕业证书（美作:highschooldiploma）holderoftheGeneralCertificateofEducation中学毕业生（美作:holderofahighschooldiploma）doctorate博士学位doctor博士competitiveexamination答辩考试Chinese语文English英语Japanese日语mathematics数学science理科gymnastics体育history历史algebra代数geometry几何geography地理biolog

32、y生物chemistry化学physics物理physicalgeography地球物理literature文学sociology社会学psycology心理学philosophy哲学engineering工程学mechanicalengineering机械工程学electronicengineering电子工程学medicine医学socialscience社会科学agriculture农学astronomy天文学economics经济学politics政治学commercialscience商学biochemistry生物化学anthropology人类学linguistics语言学acc

33、ounting会计学law,jurisprdence法学banking银行学metallurgy冶金学finance财政学mass-communication大众传播学journalism新闻学atomicenergy原子能学civilengineering土木工程architecture建筑学chemical,engineering化学工程accountingandstatisics会计统计businessadministration工商管理library图书馆学diplomacy外交foreignlanguage外文botany植物major主修minor辅修school学校kinderg

34、arten幼儿园infantschool幼儿学校primaryschool,juniorschool小学secondaryschool中学highschool,secondaryschool专科学校businessschool商业学校technical schooltechnical college 专科学校university)campus大学university大学boardingschool供膳宿的学校dayschool日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校daystudentwhohaslunchatschool提供午餐的走读学生academy专科学院faculty系hallofresidence

35、学校公寓classroom教室lecturetheatre阅览室(美作:lecturetheater)amphitheatre阶梯教室(美作:amphitheater)staffroom教研室headmasters study, headmasters office校长办公室(assembly ) hall 礼堂library图书馆playground操场desk课桌blackboard黑板apieceof)chalk粉笔slatepencil石板笔wallmap挂图skeletonmap廓,示意图labour market 劳职业介绍所(美MinistryofLabour劳工部(美作epar

36、tmentofLabor工市场,劳务市场Labourexchange,Employmentexchange作:EmploymentBureau)labourmanagement职业介绍经纪人fullemployment整日制工作tobepaidbythehour按小时付酬seasonalwork季节工作pieceworkwork计件工作timeworkwork计时工作teamworkwork联合工作shiftwork换班工作assemblylinework组装线工作（美作:serialproduction）workshop车间handicrafts,crafts手艺,技艺trade,craft

37、行当profession,occupation职务employment,job工作situation,post位置job一件工作vacancy空缺,空额workpermit工作许可证toapplyforajob求职,找工作application（forajob）求职toengage,toemploy雇用workcontract劳务合同industrialaccident劳动事故occupationaldisease职业病vocationalguidance职业指导vocationaltraining职业训练retraining,reorientation,rehabilitation再训练,再

38、培训holidays,holiday,vacation假期labourcosts,labourinput劳力成本fluctuationoflabour劳力波动（美作flabor）worker工作者permanentworker长期工,固定工personnel,staff人员employee职员clerk,officeworker办公室人员salaryearner雇佣工人workman工人organizedlabour参加工会的工人skilledworker技术工人unskilledworker非技术工人specializedworker熟练工人farm worker农场工人labourerwo

39、rker农业工人daylabourer日工合作者 foreman 工头 trainee,seasonalworker季节工collaboratorapprentice学徒工apprenticeship 学徒 artisan, craftsman工匠 specialist 专家 night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union工会 （美作 :laborunion)trade unionist 工团主义者trad

40、e unionism工团主义guild 行会,同会,公会association, society, union协会 emigration 移 ,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward(美作 :union delegate) delegate 代表representative代表workscouncil劳资联合委员会labourlaw劳工法workingday,workday工作日full-timeemployment,full-timejob,full-timework全天工作part-timeemployment,part-timejob,part-timework半日工作

41、workinghours工作时间overtime业余时间remuneration报酬pay,wage,salary工资wageindex工资指数minimumwage最低工资basicwage基础工资grosswages全部收入net,realwages实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour计时工资monthlywages月工资weeklywages周工资pieceworkwage计件工资maximumwage最高工资（美作:wageceiling）slidingscale按物价计酬法paymentinkind用实物付酬dailywages日工资premium

42、,bonus,extrapay奖励payday发工资日,付薪日payslip工资单payroll薪水册unemploymentbenefit失业救济old-agepension退休金,养老金collectiveagreement工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement退休claims要求strike罢工striker罢工者go-slow怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）staggeredstrike阶段性罢工strikepicket罢工纠察队员strikepay罢工津贴（由工会给的）strikebreaker,blackleg破坏罢工者

43、downtools,sit-downstrike静坐demonstration, manifestation示威 sanction 制裁 unemployment失业seasonalunemployment季节性失业underemployment不充分就业unemployedman失业者（个人）theunemployed失业者（集体）todischarge,todismiss辞退,开除,解雇dismissal开除,解雇toterminateacontract结束合同,结束契约negotiation谈判collectivebargaining劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist接待员

44、typist打字员keypuncher电脑操作员stenographer速记员telephoneoperator电话接线员programmer电脑程序员systemanalyst系统分析员shorthandtypist速记打字员officegirl女记事员publicservants公务员nationalpublicservant国家公务员localpublicserviceemployee地方公务员nationrailroadman国营铁路职员tracer绘图员illustrator汇稿员saleswoman女店员pilot驾驶员simultaneous同时译员publisher出版人员gr

45、aphicdesigner美术设计员deliveryboy送报员secretary秘书policeman警察journalist记者editor编辑interpreter通译者director导演talent星探actor男演员actress女演员photographer摄影师scholar学者translator翻译家novelist小说家playwright剧作家linguist语言学家botanist植物学家economist经济学。chemist化学家scientist科学家philosopher哲学家politician政治学家physicist物理学家astropologist人类

46、学家archaeologist考古学家geologist地质学家expertonfolklore俗学家mathematician数学家biologist生物学家zoologist动物学家statistician统计学家physiologist生理学家futurologist未来学家artists艺术家painter画家musician音乐家composer作曲家singer歌唱家designer设计家sculptor雕刻家designer服装设计师fashioncoordinator时装调配师dressmaker女装裁剪师cutter裁剪师sewer裁缝师tailor西装师傅beauticia

47、n美容师model模特ballerina芭蕾舞星detective刑警chiefofpolice警察局长taxidriver出租车司机clerk店员mailman邮差newspaperboy报童bootblack擦鞋童poet诗人copywriter撰稿人producer制片人newscaster新闻评论人milkman送奶人merchant商人florist卖花人baker面包师greengrocer菜贩fish-monger鱼贩butcher肉贩shoe-maker鞋匠saleswoman女店员stewardess空中小姐conductor车掌stationagent站长porter行李夫

48、carmechanic汽车修理师architect建筑师civilplanner城市设计师civilengineer土木技师druggist,chemist,pharmacist药剂师guide导游oilsupplier加油工(public)healthnurse保健护士dentist牙科医生supervisor监工forman工头doctor医生nurse护士宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchangerate紧缩信贷tightencreditcreation私营部门private

49、sector财政管理机构fiscalauthorities宽松的财政政策slackfiscalpolicy税法taxbill财政publicfinance财政部theMinistryofFinance平衡预算balancedbudget继承税inheritancetax货币主义者monetariest增值税VAT(valueaddedtax)收入revenue总需求aggregatedemand货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessionaperiodwhentheeconomyofacountryisnotsuccessful,businessconditio

50、nsarebad,industrialproductionandtradeareatalowlevelandthereisalotofunemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型costpush货币供应money supply生产率 productivity劳动力 labor force实际工资real wages 成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀double- digitinflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation 长期通货膨胀chronic i

51、nflation治理通货膨胀to fight inflation最终目标ultimate goal 坏的影响adverse effect担保 ensure 贴现 discount萧条的 sluggish 认购 subscribe to支票帐户checking account货币控制工具instruments of monetry control借据 IOUs ( I owe you )本票 promissory notes货币总监controller of the currency拖收系统collection system支票清算或结算check clearing资金划拨transfer of

52、 funds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟MonetaryUnion再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务membershipcriteria汇率机制REM储备货币reservecurrency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bullmarket非凡的牛市aragingbull规模经济scaleeconomcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-askspreads期货(贡)futures经济商行brokeragefirm回报率rateo

53、freturn贡equities违约default现金外流cashdrains经济人佣金brokeragefee存款单CD(certificateofdeposit营业额turnover资本市场capitalmarket布雷顿森林体系TheBrettonWoodsSystem经常帐户currentaccount套利者arbitrager远期汇率forwardexchangerate即期汇率spotrate实际利率realinterestrates货币政策工具toolsofmonetarypolicy银行倒闭bankfailures跨国公司MNC(Multi-NationalCorporatio

54、n)商业银行commercialbank商业票据comercialpaper监督 to monitor利润profit本票，期票promissorynotes套期保值hedge外汇储备foreign exchange佣金（经济人）commissionbrokers有价证券平衡理论portfoliobalancetheoryreserves固定汇率fixedexchangerate浮动汇率floating/flexibleexchangerate货币选择权（期货）currencyoption套利arbitrage合约价exerciseprice远期升水forwardpremium多头买升buyi

55、nglong空头卖跌sellingshort按市价订购贡marketorder贡经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金theIMF七国集团theG-7监督surveillance同业拆借市场interbankmarket可兑换性convertibility软通货softcurrency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequatedemand短期外债shorttermexternaldebt汇率机制exchangerateregime直接标价directquotes资本流动性mobilityofcapital赤字deficit本国货币domesticcurrencyinternational reserve外汇交易市场foreignexchangemarket利率