【中考】2019年中考真题英语试题分项汇编专题16.4阅读理解(议论文)(解

1、20192019 年中考真题英语试题分项汇编专题 16.416.4 阅读理解（议论文）（第 0101 期）（解 析版）2019年中考真题英语分项 汇编专题16.4阅读理解（仪论文）（一）【2019 ?重庆市中考 A 卷】Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here ssometh ing you can do.Be calm（冷静）.Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody aless o

2、n. But being angry can t solve problems. Neither can a fight. In stead, it may bring you moreproblems. In the school, every one in volved （卷入） in a fight will be puni shed, no matter who started it. There are winnersin a fight.Shout loudly. If you know some one is coming up beh ind you to attack, tu

3、rn toward theperson with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say stopbefore walking away.Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm dow n. If the pers on does nbyt stop, cry for helpcall ing out the n ame of a teacher whose office is n earby._ Your friend may ask you to join in a fight

4、. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not reallyhelpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tellhim if he gets in volved in a fight, he may get hurt and be puni shed. Then, try to lear n why hewants a fight and help him find a right way to dea

5、l with the problem.1. The underlined word attack in Paragraph 3 means _1 in Chinese.A.拥抱B.攻击C.阻止D.吸引2. Which of the follow ing senten ces can beputA. Face bravely.C. Lear n to refuse.3. The passage is writte n to_ .A. help stude nts keep away from fightsC. advise stude nts to help each other4. The p

6、assage is written in a/an_ tone（语气）.A. sadB. angryC. seriousD. crazyin the_ ?B. Joi n in a fight.D. Talk to some one.B. warn stude nts not to fightD. en courage stude nts to workhard【文章大意】本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架 时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子Loud

7、voice can usually make the attacker calm down.大的声音通常能使攻击者平静下来。attacker 是名词攻击者的意思。去掉-er 就是动词攻击。句子 If you know some one is coming up beh ind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands upin front of your body and loudly say stop before walking away.中的 attack 是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在 你离开

8、之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说停。 因此单词 attack,是攻击的意思。故选B。2. C【解析】细节理解题。 A. Face bravely.勇敢地面对。B. Join in a fight.参加打架。C. Learnto refuse.学着拒绝。 D. Talk to some one.禾口某人交谈。根据 Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn tosay no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. 你的朋友可能 会要求你参加一场打架。你要学会说不。帮助他打架

9、可能对他没有真正的帮助。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。3. A【解析】 主旨大意题。根据 Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep awayfrom a fight? Here s something you c 学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架 呢？这是你能做的。可知，本文主要介绍了如何帮助学生远离打架。故选A。4. C【解析】推理判断题。A. sad 悲哀的；B. angry 生气的；C. serious 严肃的；D. crazy 疯狂的。根据 Be calm（冷静）.、Shout loudly.和 Le

10、arn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学 校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选Co【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词， 也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：（1）利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。（2）利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短 语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易（3）利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等

11、。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so,because 等。利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词 汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第1 小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1 种解题方法。（二）【2019 ?浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】In the park, you see a group of people, all look ing up at the sky. Without thinking about it, youlook upwards, too. Why? In the con cert, some one

12、begi ns to clap and sudde nly the whole room joi nsin. You do, too. Why?Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The morepeople follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. Itthat works.The scie ntist Asch carried out an experime nt. It shows how social p

13、roof can in flue nce us. In aroom, a man is show n Line 1, and n ext to it are three lin es（A, B, C）. A is Ion ger, C is shorter andB is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man isalone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other man enter the

14、room, and each of them givesthe answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch gotthe same result many times among different subjects（ 实验对象）.Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep away from danger. Suppose that 5000 ye

15、ars ago you were hun ti ng（ 打猎）with frien ds. Sudde nly, they all ranaway. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We aredescendants（后代）of those who copied othersisasdioleeply planted in our mind that westill use it now.Social proof has special power. The advert

16、is ing in dustry, for example, often makes use of it. Sobe careful whenever a company says its product is the most popular .5. At the beg inning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by_.A. telli ng a storyB. givi ng examplesC. an sweri ng questi onsD. show ing a map6. Accord ing to Paragrap

17、h 3, the experime nt by Asch shows_ .A. following others is always rightB. social proof may change people s ideasC. it s difficult to carry out the experimentText ing while drivi ng is aga inst the law in 47 states. But what about text ing while walk ing? A 2018 studyreported that more tha n 2, 500

18、people in the US en ded up in hospitals result ing from using a mobile device（设备）while walk ing.Hawaii passed a law making it illegal（ 违法的）to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing thestreet. It is the first state with a law like this. Do people think more places should accept such a la

19、w? The LATimes did a survey. Here are some replies they received.Rena Jose, 2, New YorkWhich is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking.D. people can study better if they are alone7. The underlined word It in Paragraph 4 refers to_.A. running with othersB. h

20、un ti ng with friendsC. copy ing others actionD. doing someth ing differe nt8. According to the passage, we can infer（推断）that_ .A. it s importa nt to run with others any timeB. products in the advertiseme nt are the bestC.we mustn t copy others action to keep safeD. we n eed to thi nk twice before f

21、ollowi ng others【文章大意】本文主要通过一些社会现象以及科学家做的实验，告诉大家不要盲目随波逐流。5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，分别讲了在公园和在音乐会上的两种现象一一别人抬头看天空你也会不自觉地看天空，别人在音乐会上鼓掌， 不一会儿整个屋子的人都会跟着鼓掌。通过这两个例子引出本文主题，故答案选B。6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第 3 段中的信息 It shows how social proof can in flue nee us.它说明了社会认同感是如何影响我们的；故答案选B。7. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文 We are descendants（

22、后代）of those who copied others我们是那些复制他人行为的人的后代。结合本句It is so deeply pla nted in our mind 它深深的植入了我们的思想中，它指的就是复制其他人的行为这件事；故答案选C。8. D 解析】推理判断题。根据文章我们可以推断，在追随其他人之前，我们需要再三考虑恰巧这也是整篇文章的主旨，不要盲目随波逐流。故答案选D。action.you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dan gerous. For example, in

23、Japa n, one pers on fell into a lake and ano ther got her leg stuck in a hole, because both had their mind on theirphone. We should make text ing while cross ing the street illegal in more cities.An dy Selvam, 55, CaliforniaPeople do many things that cause injury to themselves but are no t illegal,

24、such as climb ing mountains,driving cars, swimming and so on. People might get hurt from texting and walking if they re not payingattention. But I still think they should have a choice.Bob Madigan, 45, Oregongover nment to babysit us. If we want to lear n to make smart decisi ons, the gover nment n

25、eeds to stop telli ng us what to do.After all, this is a free country.An drew Black, 34, AlaskaThis law is a good idea compare this protection with seat belts. If this law is passed all overUS, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please every one? This would not be for fun .It would

26、 be safe and goodfor all America ns.,it is aga inst the law if people text while cross ing thestreet.10. The LA Times did the survey most probably toA. win the hearts of more readersB. en courage more states to pass the lawC. ask readers if they agree with text ing while driv ingD. learn about peopl

27、e s opinions on texting while walking11. In Rena s reply, she showed the dan ger of text ing while wang by_.A. usi ng n umbersB. givi ng examplesC. ask ing questi onsD. tell ing stories12. Which of the followi ng is An drew Black s opi nion?A. Text ing is more importa nt tha n safety.B. The law woul

28、d help to keep America ns safe.C. It s easy to pieaeveryone when passing a law.D. Whether to text or not while walking is people s own choice.【文章大意】本文主要谈论过马路发短信的问题。在美国47 个州，开车时发短信是违法的。一项 2018 年的研究报告称，美国有 2500 多人因走路使用了手机最终住进了医院。夏 威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。洛杉矶时报就此事做了一项调As huma ns, we can make our own

29、 decisi on s.I m not saying it s safe, but we dont nee9. Accord ing to the passage, inA. AlaskaB. CaliforniaC. HawaiiD. New York查。9.C【解析】题意：在 _，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。考查细节理解。根据第2段第 2 句 Hawaii passed a law making it illegal（ 违法的 ） to text or look down at a mobiledevice while crossing the street.（夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定

30、过街时发短信或看手机是 违法的。）可知在夏威夷，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。故选 C。10. D【解析】题意：洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了 _。考查细节理解。根据第 2 段第 3 和 4 句 Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey（. 人们认为更多的地方应该接受这样的法律吗？洛杉矶时报做了一项调查。）可知洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了了解人们对走路时发短信的看法；故选D。11. B【解析】题意：在 Rena 的回复中，她通过 _ 说明了走路时发短信的危险。考查细节理解。

31、根据表格一第 4 句 For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole可知在 Rena 的回复中，她通过举例说明了走路时发短信的危 险。故选 B。12. B【解析】题意：以下哪项是安德鲁布莱克的观点？考查细节理解。根据表格4 第 5 句It would be safe and good for all Americans. （这对所有美国人都是安全和有益的。 ）可知 安德鲁布莱克认为这项法律将有助于保护美国人的安全。故选B。（四）【2019 ? 安徽省中考】Hav

32、e you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind ofexercise: aquatic （ 水中的 ） exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More andmore people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier t

33、han exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for yourknees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, yourbody has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories （ 卡路里 ）.In fact

34、, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried.They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exerc

35、ise is safe and easyto learn. It doesnt require any special skills. You donto know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone.13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Difference between air and water.B. Weight change of one s body.C. The advantages of aquatic exercise.D. The ways to do aquatic exe

36、rcise.14. What do most people think of aquatic exercise?A. Relaxing.B. Worrying.C. Challenging.D. Boring.15. Accord ing to the text, aquatic exercise is_ .A. done in groupsB. fit for every oneC. difficult to lear nD. done with special skills16. In which part of a magaz ine can we read the text?A. Cu

37、lture.B. Health.C. Nature.D. Travel.【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆地上的锻炼一样，只不过是在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆地运动更容易的原因，它不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介绍的是水中运动的优点，故C 选项符合文意。14. A【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？A. Relaxing 令人放松的。B 是令人担心

38、的；C 是有挑战性的；D 是无聊的。根据短文第三段中 In fact, mostpeople say they feel more relaxed in the water The cool, quiet environment makesthem feel good.可知，大多数人都觉得在水里很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选A。15. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段 Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn trequire any special skills. You don t even need to know h

39、ow to swim. Aquatic exercise isfor everyone 可知，水中运动非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此可知应选B。16. B【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到以上内容？A.是文化；C 是自然；D.是旅行。根据短文第一段 If you answered yes, you should try a new kindof exercise: aquatic （水中的）exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you doit in a swim min

40、g pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise可知，短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动一水中运动，这样的内容应该在杂志上的健康版（五）【2019 ?山东省潍坊市】块，故应先 B。A rece nt study from a team of South Korea n researchers suggests that eati ng alone ofte n may lead to poor eatinghabits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found

41、that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater riskof developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes.For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes（ 结果 ） it is also about developinggood ones.In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooper

42、ation and Development（OECD） looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world s countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their familieswere less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drug

43、s and alcohol（ 吸毒酗酒 ）.In the report, titled The Importance of Family Dinners （VIII） , researchers say that teens who have frequentfamily dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what s going on in their lives . They also claim thatwhen teens say they feel closer to their parents

44、, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experie nee long -ermphysical and men tal health ben efits（ 好处）.These childre n were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary softdrinks .These child

45、ren also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive（ 好斗的 ）.Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents likely provide young children with first-hand socialinteractions ,discussions of social issues（事件 ） and day-to-day concerns . She adds that they may likely

46、 help the childhave better communication skills with others.17. What can be the best title for the text?A. Benefits of eating togetherB. Advantages of eating aloneC. Ways of developing social skillsD. Risks of using drugs and alcohol18. Children eating with their families are more likely to _ .A. dr

47、ink more sugary soft drinksB. do well in their studies at schoolC. be more socially active and aggressiveD. have a closer relationship with their parents19. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To introduce herB. To add a new pointC. To explain furtherD. To provide background i

48、nformation20. From which is the text probably taken?A. A travel guideB. A biology textbookC. A cooking instructionD. A science magazine【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文， 多项研究结果说明家人一起吃饭的重要性， 民以食为天， 吃饭是一个让我们停下手中的事情来享受生活的机会。17. A【解析】 主旨大意题。根据.Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a mainmeal with their

49、families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also lesslikely to abuse drugs and alcohol（ 吸毒酗酒 ）.和 Another study from the University of Montreal found that childrenwho ate with their families experienee long -erm physical and mental health benefits（ 好

50、处）可知文章主要讲一起吃 饭的好处；故选 A。18. D【解析】细节理解题。根据.They also claim that whe n tee ns say they feel closer to theirparents ,可知是和父母有更亲近的关系；故选D。19. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared withparents likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social i

51、ssues（事件）andday-to-day concerns .She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others . 可知是为了更深一层的解释孩子和 父母一起吃饭的重要性；故选 C。20. D【解析】细节理解题。根据 A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggeststhat eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poo

52、r food choices .Specifically ,the study found that menwho ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol anddiabetes . 和后文的 一些调查， 可推测文章内容可能是一篇来自科学杂志的文章； A travel guide 一本旅游 指南，A biology textbook 一本生物课本， A cooking instruction 一本烹饪说明， A science

53、magaz ine 个科学杂志；故选 D。（六）【 2019 ? 江苏省南京市】SPEAK YOUR MINDMike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily. For the topics of our newspaper next month visited SunshineElementary School on May 10. We interviewed some students and here is what they said.JOSLYN FARCE, 9I believe that we should recycle more

54、 paper, because we re cutting down too many trees.The more trees that are cut down, the more oxygen we lose. The companies responsible should plant more trees.JAYDEN MITCHELL, 9Running is the best exercise, because youre moving your whole body. It helps your heartand your lungs. Not everyone is heal

55、thy, so we should have more exercise.ANDREW BARHAS,9I think everyone should use a calm voice. When people are loud, it causes them to be madat one ano ther. Sometimes it even makes people quarrel with each other. Whe n people speak calmly to one ano ther, theyfeel happy.JOSEPH TRUONG, 10People shoul

56、d stop hunting tigers for their fur, for fun and for medici ne. Imag ine if you werea tiger free in the wild, and the. BOOM, you are shot （ 枪杀）for your fur. How would you feel?21. What did Mike Isaac and the writer visit Sunshine Elementary School for?A. For environment protectio n.B. For wildlife p

57、rotect ion.C. For good manners in school.D. For topics of the n ewspaper.22. What may cause people to be mad at one ano ther in An drew Vargas s opinion?A. Los ing more oxyge n.B. Speak ing in a loud voice.C. Cutti ng dow n more trees.D. Hunting tigers for medici ne.23. Who talked about health?A. Jo

58、sl yn Frace.B. Jayde n Mitchell.C. An drew Vargas.D. Joseph Truong.【文章大意】作者是校报的记者，为了下个月报纸主题，他们参观了 Sunshine ElementarySchool,他们采访了几个学生，JOSLYN FARC 说我们应该回收更多的纸，太多的树被砍伐，树砍的越多，氧气越少，我们应该种更多的树；JAYDEN MITCHEL 说跑步是最好的运动，它能帮助我们的心脏和肺；ANDREW BARHAS我们应该用一个平静的声音说话， 大声说话容 易让人生气； JOSEPHTRUONG说人们不应该猎杀老虎，如果你是一只老虎，被猎

59、杀了，你 感觉怎样？21. D【解析】 细节理解题。根据 Mike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily. For the topics ofour n ewspaper n ext month visited Sunshine Eleme ntary School on May 10. We in terviewedsome students 可知是为了下个月报纸主题；故选 D。22. B【解析】 细节理解题。根据 When people are loud, it causes them to be mad at one another.可知是

60、大声说话；故选Bo23. B【解析】 细节理解题。根据 JAYDEN MITCHELL, 9Running is the best exercise, because you removing your whole body. It helps your heart and your lun gs. Not every one is healthy, so we should have moreexercise 可知 Jayden Mitchell 谈论了健康；故选 B。（七）【2019 ?江西省中考】Playing video games and getting money for it s