2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破第1讲构词法与比较等级北师大版

1、1 语法专项突破 第 1 讲 构词法与比较等级 构词法 深化认知 一、派生法 1 名词后缀 (1)动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 correct correction 改正 celebrate celebration 庆祝；庆祝会 attract attract ion 吸引 discuss Tdiscussion 讨论；辩论 -io n/ graduate Tgraduation 毕业 -tio n/ con clude T con clusi on 结论；结束 -si on/ decide T decisi on 决定 -ati on admit T admissi on 接纳；准许入学 i

2、nvite T invitation 邀请 explain Texplanation 解释 expect T expectati on 期望 drive Tdriver 司机；驾驶员 gather Tgatherer 收集者；米集者 teach Ttea cher 老师 -er/-or announcerannouncer -ItSlX 、r 11 con duct T con ductor 指挥；售票员 direct Tdirector 导演 punish T punishment 惩罚 achieve Tachievement 功绩；成就 mont argue T argume nt 辩论

3、；论据 11IUI II treat T treatment 对待；治疗 equip T equ ipme nt 装备；设备 gover n T gover nment 政府 appear T appeara nee 出现；外貌 guide T guida nee 指引；指导 -ance/ perform T performanee 表演；节目 -ence exist Texistenee 存在；生存 prefer T preferenee 偏爱 refer T referenee 参考；查阅 inc hear T heari ng 听力；听觉 ii iy begi n T begi nnin

4、g 开始 2 -ure/ -ture fail Tfailure press T pressure depart Tdeparture mix T mixture 失败；没做到 压力 离开；出发 混合；混合物 -y recover T recovery discover Tdis covery 恢复；痊愈 发现 其他 chooseT choice vary T variety tend T tendency 选择 多样化；种类 趋向；趋势 (2)形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -age short Tshortage 不足；短缺 efficie nt T efficie ncy 效 效率；功

5、-cy flue nt T flue ncy 流利；流畅 accurate Taccuracy 准确性 private T privacy 隐私；私密 -dom free Tfreedom 自由；自主 wise T wisdom 明智；智慧 -ce differe nt T differe nee 差异 silent Tsilenee 沉默 weakT weak ness 虚弱；弱点 -n ess kind T kindness 仁慈；好意 careless T carelessness 粗心大意 -th st rong Tstrength 力气；强项 warmr warmth 温暖；热情 h

6、on est T hon esty 诚实 -y/-ty / -ity difficult T difficulty 困难 cruel T cruelty 残酷；残暴 safe T safety 安全 disable Tdisability 无能；伤残 responsible T responsibility 责任 2.形容词、副词后缀 (1)动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀 后缀 例词 accept T acceptable 可接受的 comfort Tcomfortable 舒适的 -able fashi on T fashi on able 时髦的 suit Tsuitable 合适的 rea

7、s on T reas on able 有道理的 music T musical 音乐的 -al origin Toriginal 最初的 pers on T pers onal 个人的；私人的 3 centre centra l 中央的；中心的 naturenatural 自然的；天生的 -ful doubt T doubtful 怀疑的 forget Tforgetful 健忘的 harmr harmful 有害的 hoper hopeful 有希望的 peaceT peaceful 禾口平的 -ed scare r scared 感到恐惧的 confuse r con fused 感到困

8、惑的 underline runderlined 下划线的 -ing surprise rsurprising 令人惊奇的 convince r convincing 令人信服的 satisfy rsatisfying 令人满意的 -ible access r accessible 容易取得的 horror r horrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terror rterrible 可怕的 -ive act r active 积极的；活跃的 effect r effective 有效的；生效的 attract rattractive 有吸引力的 impress r impressive 给人深刻印

9、象的 -ous continue rcontinuous 不断的； 持续的 anxiety ranxious 忧虑的 caution rcautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity r curious 好奇的 humorr humorous 幽默的 -some tire rtiresome 令人厌倦的 trouble rtroublesome 麻烦的 -y taste rtasty 美味的；可口的 health rhealthy 健康的 wealth rwealthy 富裕的；丰富的 -ern east r easter n 东方的； 向东的 -ish child rchildis

10、h 孩子气的 fool rfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self rselfish 自私的 (2)形容词变副词的后缀 直接加-ly slow r slowly 缓慢地 改 y 为-ily happyr happily 高兴地 去 e 加-ly true rtruly 真诚地；确实 3.形容词、名词变动词的前缀和后缀 前/后缀 例词 前缀 en- able r en able 使能够 large renlarge 扩大 4 rich Tenrich 使充实 后缀 -en broad T broaden （使）变宽 ripe T ripen （ 使）成熟 sharp T sharpe n 使尖锐

11、 wide T wide n 力口宽 -ify class Tclassify 把 分类 just Tjustify 证明 正 确 simple Tsimplify 简化 -ize apology T apologize 道歉 emphasisT emphasize 强调 4.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀 前/后缀 例词 前缀 dis- agree T disagree 不同意 adva ntage T disadva ntage 缺点 il- legal Tillegal 不合法的 logical Tillogical 不合逻辑的 im- polite Timpolite 无礼的 pati

12、ent Timpatient 不耐烦的 in- formal T in formal 非正式的 convenient Tinconvenient 不方便的 ir- regular Tirregular 不规则的 responsible Tirresponsible 不负责 任的 mis- lead Tmislead 误导 understand Tmisunderstand 误解 un- usual Tunusual 不寻常的 willi ng T un willi ng 不愿意的 后缀 -less hopeT hopeless 绝望的 endT en dless 没完没了的 二、转化法 不改变

13、词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。 动词T名词 look T have a look 看一看 survey T make a survey 调查 walk T take a walk 散步 名词T动词 butt on n.纽扣T v.扣纽扣 book n.书T v.预订 seat n.座位T v.容纳 back n.背部T v.支持 形容词T动词 slow adj 慢的T v.减慢 narrow adj.窄的T v.缩小 warm adj .暖和的T v.加热 5 典题在线 I.单句语法填空 1. (2015 全国卷I语法填空 )Abercrombie & Ken

14、t, a travel compa ny in Ho ng Kong, says it regularly (regular) arran ges quick getaways here for people livi ng in Shan ghai and Hong Kong. 2. (2015 全国卷 n 语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the hou

15、se. 3. (2015 全国卷n语法填空 )ln addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability (able) to “air condition ” a house without using electric equipme nt. 4. (2015 全国卷n语法填空 )As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe wal

16、ls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 5. (2014 全国卷I语法填空 )The river was so polluted that it actually(actual) caught fire and burn ed. 6. (2014 全国卷I语法填空 7. (2014 全国卷n语法填空 )Just be patient (patie nee) )Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of stra n

17、gers sudde nly (sudden) became frie ndly to one ano ther. 8. (2014 全国卷n 语法填空 )There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very an xious and disappointed (disappoi nt) 9. (2014 辽宁高考语法填空 )Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and sof

18、tly (soft). 10 . (2014 辽宁高考语法填空 )l cannot con trol my body well. My legs become painful (pai n) 11.(2014 湖北高考短文写作 sent her to the n earest hospital. 12. (2014 福建高考书面表达 try my hand at ridi ng it. 13. (2013 广东高考语法填空 )Luckily, she was not badly injured (injure) and we )So excited (excite) was I that I

19、could nt wait to )But such a small thing could nt possibly (possible) destroy a village. 14. (2013 广东高考语法填空) That would be a very reasonable (reas on) thi ng to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours ，” Nick said. n.单句改错 1. (2015 全国卷 I 短文改错 )Lots of studies have shown that

20、global warming has already become a very seriously problem. seriously serious 2. (2015 全国卷n短文改错 )Dad and I were terrible worried. terrible terribly 3. (2015 浙江高考短文改错)On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. easy easily 4. (2014 全国卷 I 短文改错 )The fruits are small in size

21、, but juicy and taste. taste T tasty 5. (2014 全国卷 I 短文改错 )We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 6 wonderfully wonderful 6. （2014 全国卷n 短文改错 ）The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.help fully helpful 7. （2014 浙江高考短文改错 ）No one in the carr

22、iage had previous spoken to or even no ticed the ticket-ow ner before.previous previously 8. （2014 辽宁高考短文改错 ）That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. closely close _ 深化认知 一、比较等级 1. 平级比较 as +形容词(副词)原级+ as .和 . 一样”；not as/so +形容词(副词)原级+ as . 不如 . ”。 （2016 长春一模写作 ）Tom is as exce

23、llent as John in the ability of dealing with such cases. 在处理这类案件上，汤姆和约翰的能力是一样优秀的。 (2)as +形容词原级+ a(n) + n. + as .和 . 一样”。 Although Tom was as heavy a smoker as me, he did give up smok ing last year. 尽管汤姆和我一样是个老烟枪，但他在去年确实戒烟了。 2. 比较级 （1）比较级+ than .比 . 更”；less . than 不如 . ” This year they have produced

24、他们今年生产的谷物比去年少。 the +比较级，the +比较级 越 . ，越 the harder you work, the better result youll get. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。 the +比较级+ of the +名词/代词 两者中较 . 的”。 Who is the younger of the two boys 这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个？ (4) “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。 Mr. Steve nson is great to work for I really could nt ask for a better boss. 为斯蒂文森

25、先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。 (5)比较等级前常用的修饰语有： a little, a bit, slightly, much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still 等。 The film is, I have to say, not a bit in teresti ng. Why? Its far more in teresti ng tha n the films I have ever see n. 我不得不说这部电影一点意思也没有。 为什么？它比我以前看过的所有电影都有趣多了。 突破点2 比较等级

26、 less grain tha n they did last year. Its believed that 7 3. 最咼级的基本结构 表达在某个范围内“最”，用“ the +最高级+比较范围”结构。 The river is the Ion gest in the world8 这条河流是世界上最长的。 二、倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达形式有: 1. 倍数+ as +形容词/副词的原级+ as This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年龄

27、是他的两倍大。 2倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+ than This river is almost twice Ion ger tha n that one. 这条河差不多比那条河长两倍。 The dicti onary is exactly five times more expe nsive tha n 这本字典恰好比那本贵五倍。 3. 倍数+ the size/height/weight/le ngth/width/depth/ . The newly-broaden ed square is four times the size of 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 4. 倍数+

28、that + of The size of the n ewly-broade ned square is four times that of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 5 .倍数+ what 从句 The product ion now is three times what it was ten years ago. 现在的产量是十年前的三倍。 名师指津在倍数表达法中倍数一般放在第一个 as 或比较级或名词的前面。另外， 倍数除了用 times （三倍或三倍以上的数）来表示外， 还可用分数、 百分数以及 twice/double （ 两倍）,t

29、riple（ 三倍）,fourfold（ 四倍）等来表示。 典题在线 I .单句语法填空 1. (2014 全国卷 I 语法填空 )Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is clea ner (clean) than ever. 2. (2014 辽宁高考语法填空 )The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He con trols you! 3. (2014 广东高考语法填空 )After our p

30、lane Ianded, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservatio n six mon ths earlier (early), but the man at the front desk said there had bee n a mistake. 4. (2014 大纲卷单选 )Ray mon ds parents wan ted him to have the best (good) possible educati on. 5. (2013 全国卷n单选 )It may not be a great suggestion. Bu

31、t before a better _ (good) one is put forward, well make do with it. 6. (2013 天津高考单选)1 think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are that one. + of the previous one. 9 more meaningful (meaningful) things to do. 7. (2013 辽宁高考单选 )This is by far the most inspiring (inspiring) movie that

32、I have ever see n. n.单句改错 1. (2015 陕西高考短文改错 )My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. better best 2. (2016 泉州一模短文改错 )Your story is wonderful; ve never heard a good one before. goodbetter 3. (2016 兰州一模短文改错 )Goods imported from abroad are not always best than th

33、ose made in China. Yes. Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality. best better 4. (2016 石家庄一模短 文改错)The most you practise, the better you can un dersta nd. most more _ 5 . Our school which was built last year is three times as bigger as his. bigger big 对点集训 即时巩固提升知能 I .单句语法填空 1. I was

34、 about to give up when my father came and encouraged (encouragement) me to keep going. 2. Parents arrange (arrangement) everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. 3. This hill is four times higher (high) than that small one. 4. (2016 齐齐哈尔模拟 )In addition to r

35、eading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration (inspire) . 5. I dont think it a reasonable (reason) practice for them to behave that way in our society. 6. (2016 河南省六市联考 )Friends are more important (importanee) than phones in our daily life. 7. The farmers living conditions have improved sign

36、ificantly (significanee) ever since the policy of support ing agriculture was in troduced. 8. (2016 石家庄高中毕业班模拟 )Already, she looked like she was much braver _ (brave) tha n Larry had bee n the n. 9. The earlier (early) the treatment is given, the better it is for the patient. 10. Of the two cameras,

37、 I would prefer the smaller (small) one, which is very easy for me to carry. n.单句改错 1. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with myyounger sister, Maggie. bad worse 2. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blind. blind blindly 3. (2016

38、 银川模拟)ln some 10 places you may borrow as more books as you need, but in others you are limited to a certa in nu mber of books. more many 4. Well, I like much more than one, such as painting and model making, but my favorite is dancing. 去掉 much 5. (2016 贵阳模拟)Five years ago, our playground was five t

39、imes the size with yours. with of 6. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerfully symbol in last years election. powerfully powerful 7. (2016 哈尔滨质检)Most of the fish there was freezing, but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market. freez _ ing frozen 8. (2016 吉林质检)ln myop inion, there are ple nty of opport un ities for every one in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified high can make use of them to achieve their purposes. high