2019高考英语二轮语法复习教案-动词种类

1、如19高考英语二轮语法复习教案动词种类学员编号：年 级：局二课时数：3学员姓名：YYY辅导科目：英语学科教师：XX课题动词种类教学目标熟悉动词的种类，重点学习情态动词的用法授课日期X X年X X月X X日教学内容Stepl:高考考纲词汇短语检查Step2:动词的种类关于动词的种类，参考下面的动词分类表，帮助对动词的分类有个大致的了解:情 态 动 词1只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to2可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/ dare3可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/ should/ will/ would4勉强可作情态动词have

2、 to/ had better/ used to助 动 词1be形式艾化： am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同时是实义和系动词2do形式变化：does/ did同时是实义动词3have形式艾化：has/ had/ having同时是实义动词4shall形式艾化：should同时是情态动词5will形式艾化：would同时是情态动词系 动 词1状态系动词be特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词本身 都是实义动词。但它们表示 的意思不向。请注意结合句 意去理解判断。2表像系动词look / appear/ seem3感官系动词feel / smell/ sound/

3、 taste4持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay5变化系动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run6终止系动词prove/ turn out实义动1/、及物动词（vi）本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义词。vi后向若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。后不少的动词既是及物动词 乂是不及物动词。区别在于 它所表示的含义后所不同。及物动词（vt）后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。 vt后面可以直接跟宾语。2静静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。词态 动 词A.表小存

4、在、从属思义的动词。如：be（是）、have （有）、own, exist, live, belong toB.与五官感觉有关的动词如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell 及 watch, notice, observe, find, catchC.表心理状态或情感状态的动词believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand

5、; want; wishD.接度量衡名词的动词（+数词+单位）（这些动词的主语通常是物）weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat 动 态 动 词动态动诃是表小运动状态的动词。可附十进行时态。A延续性动词： 持久地继续丁 的影响。表示行为或过程能 :去或能产生持久eat,listen, read, run, walk , work , writeB终止性动词：短暂的或瞬生表示行为或过程是 t间完成结束。arrive; begin; break; bring

6、; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell;start; stop; return; go; jumpC表示状态改变或位置转移的动 词.arrive , change, come, die, go, land （着陆），leave 3使役 动词A.表7K 使、令、让、叫 等意义的动词.如：make, have, let, get, keep.B.表示 使人，令人”的心理状态的动词。如：interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; sur

7、prise （+ sb.）4表小动作的动词 表小状态的动词 表示结果的动词put on / wear/ be on; 100k at/ see; 100k for/ find;listen to/ hear; study/learn; try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。5在句子中作谓语的动A词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。B 非 谓 语 动 词在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。A不定式to do形式艾化： to have done/ to have

8、 been done / to be doing/ not to doB动名词doin g形式艾化：not doingC现在分 词doing形式艾化： having done/ having been done/ not doing not having done/ not having been doneD过去分 词done形式交化：not doneStep3:相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分Z提示：以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及 更好地学好与动词有关的语法。切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们

9、要特别注意一词多义现象。及 物 动词 与 不 及物 动 词vi用法(1)主语+ vi (+状语)（不及物动词 ）:ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; se

10、w; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand .（不及物动词短语 ）:show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up,vi用法(2)主语+vi+ 介词+宾 语aim + at look +at s

11、tare +at stay +at glance + at laugh + at contact +with sb deal + with disagree + with end + in/up with wait +for depend + on operate +on rely + oninsist + on doinglive +in/on belong + to sb come + to sb go + to happen +to sb lie + to/in listen + to object +to occur +to refer +to relate +to reply +to

12、 return +to stick +to sth graduate + from suffer +fromfail + insucceed +in doing fall +off/ ontostruggle + for/ against vote +for/ against care + for/about apologize + to sb for doing argue + about sth with sb die +in/ from/ of/ talk +about sth/ to sb think +of/ about/ over compete + in sth with sb

13、agree + to/ with / on work +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at（要熟记它们的搭配。）vt与 vi 近 义 词 对listen to sb sound like sthhear sbarrive in/at get to reachbelong to sb own sth possess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact with sb touch sbtalk tellwork for sb serve sbreply to answerappearshow sth to s

14、brise / go up / increase raisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak intogo out turn offlook for findgive ingive upagree with sb promise sbA既可以用作及物 又可以用作不及 物的动词，其意 义/、变。如：begin 开始。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还启： start, answer, sing, close,

15、 consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.12比B既可以用 作及物 又可以 用作不 及物的 动词，其 意义完 全不同。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散owe saw the mountain when the cloudslifted.作及物动词时是 开身；举起。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还用：beat vi.（心脏）跳动/vt.敲、打；grow vi.生长/ vt.种植play vi.玩耍/ vt.打（牌、球）演奏smell vi.发出（气味）/ vt.嗅ring vi

16、.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话speak vi.讲话/ vt.说（语百）hang vi.悬挂/ vt.绞死operate vi.动手木/ vt.操作run vi.跑步；褪色vt.经营C有的及物动话加上介词后，表小的思思不同。如：allow允许 allow for考虑到感 感官动词 hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to 的用法归 纳总结:(感官动词 + sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1 .后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作When

17、you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football teamwin.2 .后接 V-ing 形式表小正在进行的动作。官动Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3.后接V-ed形式表示被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his

18、 home town greatly changed.词Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.试比较（注意理解）：1） I heard him sing a song.我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。2） ） I heard him singing a song.我听见他止在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。3） I heard a song sung.我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语歌与 唱”是被动关系。）延 续 性 动 词与注：“一”左边的是终止性动词（瞬间动词）；“一”右边的是

19、延续性动词更多的终止性动词 (瞬间动词)：borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize.borrow f keep buyf have becomef be put onf wear move to 一 live in recognizef know catch a coldf have a cold get to know f knowopen sthf keep sth open leavefbe away from begin/startf be on die- be dead

20、finish f be overreturn f be backjoin - be in + 组织机构 / f be a member of + 组织机构come heref be here go therefbe there come backf be back fall asleep fbe asleep get to/arrive/reach f be (in) go (get) out fbe out fall ill be ill get upfbe up在有表示时间的场合，要注意根据句子或上卜文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词该使 用延续性动词还是终止性动词。止性动词的对比1.延续性

21、动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间” 状语连用。但 ：come/ begin/ get + to + 延续性动词可表小一瞬间的动作。（“点时间”指具体某一时间点；“段时间”指某一时间内.）It rained at eight yesterday morning.（误）因为rain为延续性动词，而at eight表小点时间 ”,前后矛盾。It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.（正）When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.Then youve known each other for more th

22、an two years.-Thats right.2.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于 while引导的 时间状语从句中。when表小的时间是 点 时间”（从句谓语动词用终止性动词 ），也 可以是“段时间”（从句谓语动词用延续 性动词）。而while表示的个较长的 时间或过程，从句谓语动词一般只能用 延续性动词。When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. （reach为终止性动词;when /、可用 while替换.） Please look after my daughter while/when we are a

23、way. （be away为延续性动词短语）I havent left here for 3 years.I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.3.终止性动词的完成时态，表示动作的完成并产生了影响与结果。但一般不能与表示延续的时间段短语“for”或He has joined the League.他已经入团。fHe has been a League member for three years.fHe has been in the League for three years.The old man died 4 years ago.f The old m

24、an has been dead for 4 years.“since” 以及 How long ”连用, 终 止性动词否定式除外。f It is 4 years since the old man died.f Four years has passed since the old man died.I bought the book 5 days ago.fI have had the book for 5 days.4.升息句型（1）:It is时间+ since从句（+终止性动词的过去时）”一#时间+ has passed+ since 从句（+ 终止性动词的过去时）”：句子的含义是：

25、“自从起，有 （多长 的时间）”。如果在since从句中的谓语动词是延续性 动词的现在完成时，那么与其一般过去 时的含义就完全相反了。注意比较理解：I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以来一直在学校里。I have been at school since I was ill.我病愈以来一直在学校里。It s 4 years since Mr Li smoked.李先生戒烟已有四年了It is four months since my elder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英国已启四个月了。More tha

26、n three years has passed since Mary came to China.玛丽来中国已用一年多了5.注意句型（2）:not +终止性动词 + until/t川息为“直到才”。“延续性动词 + until /till”表小: 一直延续到 .I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我回元回， 我才上 床睡觉。I wont leave till my parents come back. 我将呆 在家里直到我父母回来。言外之意是，我父母 不回来，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回来

27、后我 就离开家。I didn t receive the notice until last evening. 直 到昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨天 晚上前我一直没有接到通知。We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening.我们 昨天晚上一直工作到11点。高 考 中 常 见 使 役 动 词 的 用 法 与 搭 配1. makemake sb. do sth使/让/逼某人彳某事；(被动形式)一 sb. be made to do make sth done 使/让某事得以make sb. adj使某人处于 的状态make sb sth 使/让某人成为 Sh

28、e will make a good wife.她会成为一4V好ihTomake oneself done 使某人的 为他人所 (make oneself heard/ understood)2. havehave sb do sth 使/让/请某人做某事. have sb doing.使/让某人一直做某事have sth done请/让某人做某事；招致或遭遇到（不好的事情）have sb adj. 使/让/某人处于 的状态 It had the salesmen busy around.3. letlet sb do sth让/允许某人做某事let sb+介词短语 让某人处于 的状态4.ke

29、epkeep sb doing sth使/让某人一直做杲事keep sb/sth +介词短语.让某人或某物处于 的状态5. getget sb to do sth请/让某人做某事Would you please get them to bring downthe price?get sth done.请/让某人做某事I ll get my hair cutget sb doing.请/让某人一直做某事The joke got us laughing.6. leaveleave sb (to) do sth 让某人做 /干杲事Wd ll leave them(to) run the shop.l

30、eave sb doing sth让某人继续处于杲种状态Don t leave her waiting outside inthe rain.leave sth done让某事保持 的状态The workers left the rest of the work untouched.工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。7. causecause sb to do sth使得/促使/引起某人做某事What caused him to quit his job?是什么原因使他辞职的 ？8. leadlead sb to do sth.使得/弓 1 导某人做某事What led you to thin

31、k so?lead sb in doing sth领导某人/带领某人干杲事.The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up.9. forceforce sb to do sth迫使/强迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms.警察迫使罪犯放下武器10. drivedrive sb+adj使/逼迫某人变成 的状态 The loud noise have driven usmad.drive sb to do sth迫使/逼迫某人彳某事He drov

32、e her to admit it.他逼迫她承认。drive sb+介词短语 迫使/逼迫某人进入 的境地The men drove the young man to the wall.这几个人把这青年人逼得走投无路.11. obligeoblige sb to do sth 使某人（按法律、条约、合约等要求）而必须做某事。The scandal obliged the minister to resign.这一EL 闻迫使部长辞职。12. sendsend sb doing sth使某人进入（特定状态）；（迫）使某人处于 的状态The slightest touch will send us

33、floating away from in the opposite direction in space.send sb+介词短语 （迫）使某人进入 的状态 The failure sent him into discouragement.send sb to do sth派某人干某事13. setset sb to do sth使某人开始或有手做某事set sb doing sth使某人开始或着手做某事They set him to mow the lawn.他们叫他给草坪刈草 .Her words set me thinking.她的话使我深思。set + sb./ sth + adj

34、使处于（的状态）She set the caged bird free.14. placeplace sb in/into使某人处于地位/位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position.15. putput sb in/into使某人处于地位/位置（用法向place.）16. bringbring sb/sth+介词短语使某人或某物处于的状态bring sb. back to life.使某人起死回生bring under control.使处于控制之下The joke brought the class

35、 into laughter.17. landland sb in 使某人在（地方）着陆I ll land you safe in Liverpool.18. costcost sb sth. 使人遭到损失；使人赔了本The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years.这次比赛失败使我们丢失了保持已10年之久的冠军宝座。19.具有使彳意义，表示 使人.令人”的心理状态的动词。如:interest sb in （使某人对 感兴趣）excite sb （使某人激动） astonish sb （使某人震惊） mov

36、e, amuse, surprise, terrify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify上述V-ed/ V-ing的用法区别：如：The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing result! We were all disa

37、ppointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.Step4:典例精讲-近5年高考真题回顾动词的考察主要是以时态，语态非谓语等形式考察，这些知识点会单做教案，此处只显示情态动词的考题。一I don t really like James. Why did you invite him?一Don tworry. He come. He said he wasn t certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC.

38、would notD. might not【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为“一一我真不喜欢James-你为何请了他？一一别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的hewasntcertain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。Where are the children? The dinner s going to be completely ruined.一I wish they always late.A. weren tB. hadn t been C. wouldn t be D. wouldn t have been【答案

39、】 A【考点】考查虚拟语气.的用法。解析 句意为 “一一孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。一我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现 always, 从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选 A。Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying【答案】 C【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。解析 句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。 then表示

40、过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选 C。Just be patient .You expect the world to change so soon .A. can tB. needn tC. may notD. whether【答案】 A【考点】考查情态动词。解析 句意：耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考查情态动词，can t在否定句中可以表示推测，译为不可能，可以表示能力，译为不能够，也可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustn t弱，具有劝慰的意思，根据句意此题中选择 A, can t表示劝慰。I m afraid Mr. Harding

41、 see you now. He s busy.A. can tB. mustn tC. shouldn t D .needn t【答案】 A【考点】情态动词考查。解析结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用 can t。One of the few things you say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can【答案】 D【考点】本题考查情态动词的用法。解析关于英语的话题中，你绝对有把握谈论的极少几个话题

42、之一，就是很多时候都在谈论天气。I can t leave.eShold me that I stay here until she comes back.A. canB. mustC. willD. may【答案】 B【考点】考查情态动词的用法。解析根据前文，我不能走”，可以判断她告诉我必须”呆在这儿。Liza well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling. 董A.willB.canC.mustD.may【答案】 D【考点】本题考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行她讨厌旅行。may well很可能，极有可能，

43、表示猜测。当表示猜测时，will和can不能与 well连用，must只能用于肯定句中。一HoW s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?一Itbe, but it is now heavily polluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的区别。解析will可用来表示 意愿；客观必然性等 ；would可表示 意愿；过去常常（现在也可能是那样的）；should表示应该，理应 “；must表示 必然；一定，准是 “。结合语境可知，此处用should 表示虚拟。句意为：这本来应该

44、是美丽的，但是现在它被严重污染了。”In crowded places like airports and railway stations, youtake care of your luggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will【答案】CStep5:课堂训练1. “I thought you wouldn t mindWSll, as a matter of fact I don t, but you me first. ”A. should askB. should have askedC. must askD. must have asked2. “I called yo

45、u yesterday. A woman answeredt I didn t recognize her voiceOh, it my aunt Jean.A. must beB. must have beenC. might beD. can have been3. That car nearly hit me; I.A. might be killedB. might have been killedC. may be killedD. may been killed4. It s a very kind offer, but I really accept it.A. mustn tB

46、. needn tC.can tD. don t5. The police still haven t found her, but they re doing all theyA. mayB.canC. mustD.will6. You practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.A. needntB.mightn tC. mustntD.wont7. You him the news; he knew it already.A. needn t tellB. needn t have toldC. mightn t tellD. mightn

47、 t have told8. As she s not here, I suppose she home.A. must goB. must have goneC. might goD. might be going9. Are you still here? You home hours ago.A. should goB. should have goneC. might goD. may have gone10. “ Icalled you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn recognize her voice. “ Ohi my aunt

48、Jean.”A. must beB. must have beenC. might beD. can have been11. I have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.A. mayB.canC. wouldD.should13. “Shall we go shopping? Sorry, we buy anything now because none of the shops are open.A. mustn tB.needntC. can tD.shouldn t14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They be very poor.A. mustn tB. can tC. may notD. needn t15. I didn t see her in the meeting