avionicssystemstill教程实用教案

1、A brief chronology of military avionics 1910s: the first airborne radio experiments the first autopilot experiments 1930s: electronic aids: blind flying panels radio ranging non-directional beacons ground-based surveillance radar single-axis autopilot 第1页/共70页第一页，共71页。1940s: VHF communications IFF (

2、identification friend or foe) gyrocompass attitude and heading reference systems airborne intercept radar early electronic warfare systems military longrange precision radio navigation aids two-axis autopilot 第2页/共70页第二页，共71页。第3页/共70页第三页，共71页。1940s: VHF communications; IFF (identification friend or

3、foe); gyrocompass; attitude and heading reference systems; airborne intercept radar; early electronic warfare systems; military longrange precision radio navigation aids; two-axis autopilot. 第4页/共70页第四页，共71页。1950s: TACAN (tactical air navigation);airborne intercept radar with tracking capability and

4、 Doppler radar; medium pulse repetition frequency (PRF) airborne intercept radar ;mission computers ;inertial navigation systems.第5页/共70页第五页，共71页。1960s: integrated electronic warfare systems; fully automated weapon release; terrain-following radar ;head-up display;laser target marking technology; ea

5、rly digital mission computer. 第6页/共70页第六页，共71页。第7页/共70页第七页，共71页。1960s: integrated electronic warfare systems; fully automated weapon release; terrain-following radar ;head-up display;laser target marking technology; early digital mission computer. 第8页/共70页第八页，共71页。to be concluded:Technology improvem

6、ents drive the development of avionic systems第9页/共70页第九页，共71页。Avionics as a total system 第10页/共70页第十页，共71页。第11页/共70页第十一页，共71页。Increasing complexity of avionics system functional integration 第12页/共70页第十二页，共71页。 第13页/共70页第十三页，共71页。1 Military Roles 1.1 Introduction The advantage of the military aircraf

7、t or air force -the advantage of height第14页/共70页第十四页，共71页。 The evolution of military rolesobservation( tethered balloons as observation posts) ; to direct artillery;moving and powered platforms(aircraft) to carry weapons for attack;observation, interception and ground attack etc.第15页/共70页第十五页，共71页。

8、Two types of aircrafts fixed-wing aircraft rotary-wing aircraft Other type classifications of aircrafts: multi-role aircraft swing-role aircraft role-specific aircraft固定翼飞机(fij)旋翼飞机(fij)第16页/共70页第十六页，共71页。 The relationship between military roles, role-specific aircrafts and avionics systems avionics

9、 systems can prolong the life of the role-specific aircrafts;advances in avionics systems can greatly expand military roles.第17页/共70页第十七页，共71页。1.2 Air Superiority dogfight 空中混战catapult 弹射launch 发射steep 急剧的arrestor 制动器deceleration 减速(jin s)loiter 巡航engage 作战第18页/共70页第十八页，共71页。complement 定员，编制rear 后部(

10、hu b)（尾部）的rein 统治，控制agile 灵活的第19页/共70页第十九页，共71页。1.2.1 Role Description - to deny an enemy the airspace over the battlefield, thus allowing ground attack aircraft a free rein in destroying ground targets and assisting ground force, secure in the knowledge that the airborne threat has been suppressed.

11、第20页/共70页第二十页，共71页。第21页/共70页第二十一页，共71页。 Requirement for air superiority aircraft (system) accurate navigation accurate identification of targets prioritisation of targets accurate weapon aiming capabilitythe ability to join the tactical communication network第22页/共70页第二十二页，共71页。carefree handling capa

12、bility - to employ full authority flight control systems that are designed to allow the pilot to execute manoeuvres to envelope limits without fear of losing control or damaging the aircraft. 第23页/共70页第二十三页，共71页。1.2.2 Key Performance Characteristicshigh manoeuvrabilityhigh Mach number rapid climb ra

13、te carefree handling capability第24页/共70页第二十四页，共71页。1.2.3 Crew Complement single pilot; a pilot plus a rear-seat air electronics officer or navigator 第25页/共70页第二十五页，共71页。1.2.4 System Architecture 第26页/共70页第二十六页，共71页。Typical air superiority systems- See Table 1.1 in page 191第27页/共70页第二十七页，共71页。1.2.5 A

14、ir superiority aircraft types Eurofighter Typhoon (BAE SYSTEMS) F-117 (Lockheed Martin) 第28页/共70页第二十八页，共71页。 F/A-18 Hornet (US Department of Defence) JSF & F-16 (Lockheed Martin) 第29页/共70页第二十九页，共71页。1.3 Ground Attack clutter 杂波multiplicity 多样(du yn)（性）designate 指定gun 枪，炮convoy 护航舰队，护送部队troop formati

15、on 部队编队deploy 配置，调度第30页/共70页第三十页，共71页。proximity 相近，近似ride 沿曲线(qxin)飞行nap 悬停fighter 战斗机，歼击机attacker 强击机，攻击机penetration 突防tactical situation 作战态势第31页/共70页第三十一页，共71页。1.3.1 Role DescriptionTo detect, positively identify and engage ground targets:-fixed targets (buildings, radar installations and missile

16、s sites etc.)-mobile targets (tanks, guns, conveys, ships and troop formations etc.)第32页/共70页第三十二页，共71页。 The key point to the success of ground attack - correct identification of targets laser designator (laser-guided bombs)第33页/共70页第三十三页，共71页。 A special role included in ground attack - close air su

17、pport(CAS) :where support is given to ground forces, often under their direction, where weapons will be deployed in close proximity to friendly forces 第34页/共70页第三十四页，共71页。 Mission profile 第35页/共70页第三十五页，共71页。1.3.2 Key Performance Characteristics fixed-wing aircraft very fast, low-level performance w

18、ith good ride qualities, agile to perform attack manoeuvres and take evasive action. rotary-wing aircraft extreme low-level nap of the earth penetration, and the ability to loiter in natural ground cover - popping up when required to deliver a weapon.第36页/共70页第三十六页，共71页。1.3.3 Crew Complementusually

19、conducted by two crew members, a pilot and a crew member to operate the sensors and weapon systems ; the advent of smart weapons or cooperative target designation means that the mission can be conducted by a single crew, often a role designated to a fighter aircraft as a secondary role.第37页/共70页第三十七

20、页，共71页。1.3.4 System Architecture第38页/共70页第三十八页，共71页。1.4 Strategic Bomber morale 士气，信心(xnxn)stealth 隐身attribute 属性， 特性high-flying 高空飞行的payload 有效负荷，载荷relief 换班，接替者第39页/共70页第三十九页，共71页。1.4.1 Role description to penetrate deep into enemy territory and to carry out strikes that will weaken defences and u

21、ndermine the morale of the troops The modern aircraft may choose to fly low and fast and rely on stealth to evade enemy radar defences 第40页/共70页第四十页，共71页。Mission profile第41页/共70页第四十一页，共71页。1.4.2 Key performance Characteristics high altitude cruise long range and high payload capacity.第42页/共70页第四十二页，

22、共71页。1.4.3 Crew Complement pilots, a navigator and specialist mission crew for very long missions a relief crew may be provided第43页/共70页第四十三页，共71页。1.5 Maritime Patrolcargo: 船（装）货naval: 海军（上）的asset: 贵重(guzhng)器材，财产smuggle: 走私alien: 外国人vessel: 船只，飞机diversion: 变换，转换relay: 中继站 第44页/共70页第四十四页，共71页。 Gener

23、al descriptionMaritime patrol means to patrol or loiter above the sea, carrying out surveillance or reconnaissance mission.MPA (maritime patrol aircraft) -specialist aircraft for maritime patrol第45页/共70页第四十五页，共71页。general MPA specification - the ability to transit at high speed to a distant patrol a

24、rea of interest, and then to remain in that area for a long time, carrying out searches for surface, subsurface or both types of activity, finally to return to base having sufficient fuel remaining to carry out a bad weather diversion. 第46页/共70页第四十六页，共71页。1.5.1 Role description Anti-surface unit war

25、fare (ASUW)Anti-submarine warfare (ASW)Search and rescue (SAR)Exclusive economic zone protection Customs and excise cooperation 第47页/共70页第四十七页，共71页。1.5.2 Anti-surface Unit Warfare (ASUW) Role stand-off : 远距离的,发射后不管的overt: 公开的covert: 隐秘的distract : 分散(fnsn)，扰乱第48页/共70页第四十八页，共71页。 Role description The

26、MPA may carry out autonomous strikes against surface targets using free-fall bombs or stand-off weapons. Alternatively, it may be used to search, identify and shadow surface forces, remaining in contact but out of range of a surface ships weapons for long periods of time. The MPA may also join the c

27、ooperate attack by guiding the attacking force.第49页/共70页第四十九页，共71页。Engagement carried out overtly:- using active devices, e.g. radarEngagement carried out covertly:- using passive devices, e.g.ESM, infrared sensors 第50页/共70页第五十页，共71页。1.5.3 Anti-submarine Warfare (ASW) Role wage : 从事，作战blockade : 封锁c

28、ampaign : 战役(zhny)，从事wolf pack : 狼群outperform : 比表现好outnumber : 比多cordon : 警戒，封锁第51页/共70页第五十一页，共71页。Motivation of using MPA to carry out anti-submarine mission submarine: can effectively blockade enemy countries, preventing military supplies, reinforcements and essential food and medical supplies fr

29、om arriving by sea. 第52页/共70页第五十二页，共71页。anti-submarine: originally by escort ships - to regulate shipping by organizing it into strictly disciplined convoys and concentrating naval forces to protect the convoys. outperformed and outnumbered by submarine “wolf packs” low speed limitation 第53页/共70页第五十

30、三页，共71页。 Now by MPAMPA is suitable for sea surface reconnaissance because of its height and speedsignificant performance improvements in sensors, weapons, aircraft range and endurance and communications make it possible for MPA to play its full part in integrated close support of surface forces agai

31、nst submarine 第54页/共70页第五十四页，共71页。Several concernsThe MPA can often put itself at risk of friendly fire when joining a force. -complex joining procedures are adopted before closing within range of the defensive missile engagement zone of a friendly force. maritime radar -optimized to detect small co

32、ntacts against a background of reflection or clutter from the sea，highly efficient for detecting of submarines when they are exposed to sea.第55页/共70页第五十五页，共71页。Sonobuoys -submerged into sea by MPA to listen to noises that are characteristic of different submarine types fused sensor data (fused data

33、)- data coming from different types of sensors will usually be processed to become the fused data to provide much more complete information声纳(shngn)浮标传感器数据(shj)融合第56页/共70页第五十六页，共71页。1.5.4 Search and Rescue (SAR) Role distress : 遇难creep : 爬行(pxng)datum : 基准面（点，线）cloverleaf : 苜蓿叶comprehensive : 全面的sta

34、ndby: 准备，等待第57页/共70页第五十七页，共71页。handle over to : 委托，交付给scene-of-action : 在现场rig : 钻井机excel : 优于mobilise : 调动hamper : 妨碍(fng i)，阻止collide : 碰撞， 抵触craft : 航空器，船舶firefighting : 消防第58页/共70页第五十八页，共71页。tag : 标记w r e c k a g e : 失 事 船 只(chunzh)spacing : 间距integrity : 完整性latitude: 纬度longitude: 经度第59页/共70页第五十

35、九页，共71页。 Role description- the public and humanitarian aspect of military maritime patrol; the extension of the lifeboat service originally required to provide a rescue capability for military aircrew who are forced an emergency landings in the sea. 第60页/共70页第六十页，共71页。1.5.4.1 Datum Searches- when a

36、relatively accurate searching datum is available, datum search patterns can be used. 基准线搜索(su su) cloverleaf search pattern Used when a very accurate searching position is obtained and the searching aircraft is able to arrive on the scene quickly after the incidentsearching datum第61页/共70页第六十一页，共71页。

37、 expending square search Used when the SAR aircraft is delayed and the position of the datum is not so accurately definedsearching datum第62页/共70页第六十二页，共71页。1.5.4.2 Area Searches - involve the searching for a larger area Creeping line ahead searchtrack spacing d is about 1.5 estimated visibility区域(qy

38、)搜索NoImaged第63页/共70页第六十三页，共71页。 Cooperation searches -a group of searching units including MPA,helicopters,ships, lifeboats,etc. involved; a common agreement must be established .第64页/共70页第六十四页，共71页。1.5.4.3 Scene-of-Action Commander - to use MPA to take the role of scene-of-action commander e.g. the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster Nimrod MR2 to take the role of the scene-of-action commander or the control center ;maritim