改_Unit_1_A_land_of_diversity-Grammar[课件]

1、Grammar The Noun Clauses名词性名词性从句从句(Noun Clauses）：）： 指指在句子中起在句子中起名词作用名词作用的句子的句子 功能：功能：相当于名词词组相当于名词词组, 在复合句中能担在复合句中能担任任主语主语、宾语宾语、表语表语、同位语同位语等，因此等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为：句又可分别称为： 主语从句主语从句(Subject Clause) 宾语从句宾语从句(Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句(Predicative Clause) 同位语从句同位语从句(Appositive Cla

2、use )Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连接词连接词/从属连词：从属连词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词连接

3、代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词连接副词: when, where, how, why 主语从句主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。常用引导词：常用引导词：连接词连接词： that(无词义无词义) whetherThat he will come and help us is certain.Whether we stay or not makes no difference.连接代词连接代词: who(ever) whom what(ever) which(eve

4、r) whoseWho will go to the energy conference is not important.连接副词：连接副词：when where how why When and where the test will be given is not decided.1. 引导主语从句的连词是引导主语从句的连词是不能省略不能省略的。的。 That the earth is round is true2. That-从句作主语通常用从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：从句置于句末，例如：It is true that the eart

5、h is round.结构：结构：a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显b. It + be + p.p.+ that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信It is known to all that从所周知从所周知It has been decided that已决定已决定c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识

6、是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ that-分句分句It appears that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起2.表示表示“是否是否”意义时，一般用意义时，一般用whether 而不用而不用 if引导主语从句，引导主语从句， Whether she will come or not is still a question3.有时可用形式主语有时可用形式主语it 代替主语从句：代替主语从句

7、： e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . It has not been decided yet when they will start .4.无论主语从句有多长，一般做单数处理。无论主语从句有多长，一般做单数处理。 e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet. . 注意：注意： 以以what开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是复数名词，系动词用复数形式。复数名词，系动词用复数形式。What he wants to buy are th

8、ree books and two pens. 1.It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that2. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who练一练！练一练！ 3.It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will

9、soon be over. A. since B. what C.when D. whether练一练！练一练！ _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who _the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internati

10、onal language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 宾语从句宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句连接词连接词： that(无词义无词义) whether ife.g. I dont know whether (if)you are willing to help me . 连接代词：连接代词：what(ever) who(ever) whose which(ever) 等等连接副词：连接副词： when where how why等等特别提示特别提示1.由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时

11、，that在句中不在句中不担任任何成分。担任任何成分。Im glad that you have passed the exam .2.在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在句尾。常带作形式宾语，而将从句放在句尾。常带复合宾语的动词有：复合宾语的动词有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等等。I think it necessary that I take plenty of water every day.3.必须用必须用whether 引导，引导， 不可用不可用if:1). 从句后有从句后有o

12、r not 时，不可用时，不可用if : I dont know whether he will come or not .2). 介词宾语通常用介词宾语通常用 whether 引导引导: It depends on whether he is coming or not . 3). 后接动词不定式时。后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4).discuss 后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should

13、do something at once.5)主语从句放在句首Whether we stay or not makes no difference.6）表语从句和同位语从句）表语从句和同位语从句The question is whether we can get thereon time .7)当当it做形式主语做形式主语whether / if 都可引导主语从句都可引导主语从句It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引等动词引起的否定性

14、宾语从句中，要把上述主句中起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。我相信他不会这样做。如果主句主语为第一人称如果主句主语为第一人称,反意疑问句常与反意疑问句常与从句的主语和谓语保持一致；其他情况看从句的主语和谓语保持一致；其他情况看主句。例如：主句。例如：I dont believe she has been to A

15、ustralia, has she? 我认为她没去澳大利亚，是吗？我认为她没去澳大利亚，是吗？I dont believe that he can translate this book, ? She thinks that her husband is the best one in the team, ？can hedoesnt she宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不在以下三种情况下不能省略：能省略： （1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个宾语时，第二个that不能省；不能省； （2）当）当that作介词宾语时

16、，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。 （3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 宾语从句1. He asked _ for a violin（MET1992） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid4. The true

17、value of life is not in _, but _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. wha

18、t is she getting along6. I dont doubt _ hell come. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that表语从句表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句. 连接词连接词:that/whether/as if/as though/because连接代词：连接代词：who/whom/wha

19、t/which/whose连接副词：连接副词：when/where/how/whyThe problem is that I am short of money. The question is how we can get there .It looks as if it is going to rain.特别提醒特别提醒1. 主句的主语是主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order，request等名词时，表语从句的谓语要虚拟。等名词时，表语从句的谓语要虚拟。His suggestion is that we (should) go now.2.主句的主语是主句的主语是rea

20、son时，表语从句常用时，表语从句常用that；若表原因用若表原因用because，表结果用，表结果用why.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.He forgot it. That was why he didnt call me.He didnt call me. That was because he forgot it.1. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon（上海（上海01年春季招生）年春

21、季招生） A. when B. how C. whether D. why 2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)A. why B. what C. when D. where 3. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D

22、. Why; that 4. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there 5. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be6.The problem is_ he has enough time.A. if B. whether C./ D. that what与与that在引导名词性从句时的区别在引导名词性从句时的区

23、别: what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语等表语等.that在句子中只起连接作用在句子中只起连接作用,没有意义没有意义.(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody. 典型错误及归纳找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your

24、class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中

25、的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9.