名从要点复习2016

1、16艺术班 名词性从句 考点复习（2016）I. 认识名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的结构：引导词-从句, 主句 或 主句 +引导词-从句名词性从句的共性:1.除that外，连接词均有各自的意思。 2. 均为陈述句词序。3. that引导宾从可省略，连接词均不可省略。但：如果有多个that引导的宾语从句，第一个宾从的that可省略，其余的that就不可省略。

2、He told me (that) he would leave for China next month, and that he would meet with his former 宾从1 宾从2friends there then.II. 认识名词性从句的引导词： (一)连接代词that无具体意思不充当成分who=the one who-定从 / those who 定从的人、谁作主语whom 作宾语whose谁的作定语what=something/all that 定从的(事)作主、宾语which哪个作主、宾语连接副词where=the place where 定从之处、的地方作地点

3、状语when=the time when 定从之时、的时候作时间状语how 怎样、如何作方式状语why为何作原因状语whether/if是否作状语 (二) 疑问词-ever含义句中成分连接代词who=the one who/ those who的人作主语whoever=anyone who 无论的人whom 作宾语whomever=anyone whom无论的人what=something/all that的(事)作主、宾语whatever=anything that无论的(事)which哪个作主、宾语whichever=anyone that无论哪个连接副词where=the place w

4、here之处、的地方作地点状语wherever=any place where无论何地when=the time when之时、的时候作时间状语whenever=any time when无论何时how怎样、如何作方式状语however=any way that无论怎样判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，指出是什么从句,并译成中文：1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arr

5、ived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he underst

6、ood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.11. That they failed the entrance examination made all of their parents surprised.12. They told their parents that they failed the entrance examination.13.

7、 The result is that they failed the entrance examination. 14. The news that they failed the entrance examination surprised their parents.III. 如何区分引导名词性从句的what, that。这是最常考的知识之一。一、在名词性从句中，what根据情况不同，可能有两方面的用法和意思：1用作连接代词，表示“什么”（由疑问词变来）：I dont know what he gave her我不知道他给了她什么。What he will say at the meet

8、ing is not known to us他在会上将说些什么，我们还不知道。2表示“所的（东西）”，在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句（所以有人称这样用的what为关系代词型的what）：把你买的东西拿给我看。Show me what you boughtShow me the thing that you bought这是他想要的东西。This is what he wantsThis is the thing that he wants我们需要的是钱。What we need is moneyThe thing that we need is money二、what引导名词从句时，它有

9、词义（表示：什么；所的东西），在从句中通常当主、宾、表，不可省略；而that引导名词从句时，它没有词义，在从句中不充当成分，引导单个宾从时可省略。-I think _ he needs is more practice- Yes_ he needs more practice is clear请做以下试题，注意区别what和that：1 _ you said is different from the thing _ he told us2I think he said is true But dont forget the fact _ he is a cheat3. _ surprised

10、 us most is _ he spoke English so well4. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone presentAWhat BThe CIf DWhether三、关于what、which、that：1. what、which、that引导名从，what= n./ pron. + that/which-定从，意为：.的；which引导名从, 意为：哪个/那个；that引导名从, 本身无具体意思。2. what不可引导定从，which、that引导定从时，前面必须有先行词。改错：1. Whenever he meets me

11、, he gives me a warm greeting, what is often case.2. This is all what he told me.3. At last, we got to the place where the novel described.4. At last, we got to which they visited last week.IV. that ,whether, if 在名词从句中的使用情况1that 参阅上一点。 I know nothing of him except that he is from Henan.(介词后宾从中的that不

12、可省)2. whether ,if “是否”，引导宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可用if。但注意在宾语从句中不能用if 的情况： It all depends on whether they will support us. (从句作介词宾语时不可用if) He doesnt know whether to stay or not.（后直接跟不定式时，不能用if） Please let me know if you like it.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为whether.否则就引起歧义。3. 关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，

13、其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（that 在其它名词性从句中也没有词义），但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：1aThat well hold a meeting is decided我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。 bWhether well hold a meeting is not decided我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。2aThat he has left here is clear他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。 bWhether he has left h

14、ere is not clear他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。3aThat he can finish it in two hours is clear bwhether he can finish it in two hours is a questionV在主语从句中it 的使用That he will come to the party is certain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯，因此采用it 作形式主语，使句式平衡。It is certain that he will come to the party.用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

15、a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that 已决定此句型中， 如果主语是sth./sb.,必须是：sth./sb. be + -ed 分词+ to do/be doing/ have doneIt is said that he keeps a p

16、et. - He is said to keep a pet.试一试：把各句改成：sth./sb. be + -ed 分词+ to do/be doing/ have done1.It is believed that the secret will be exposed.2.It is reported that his novel has been translated into several languages.3.It is told that he is doing an important experiment.c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is commo

17、n knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起同样道理，it 也可用作形式宾语。VI. 强调句中的it和that:1. 强调句：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他部分强调人：It is/was + 被强调部分(人) + who/ that + 句子的其他部分 “正是.”2. 强调句中的考点及难点：对“疑问词”的

18、强调： 疑问词 + is/was + it + that +句子的其他部分(用陈述句词序) Who are you waiting for?(特殊问句) 对who强调，你正等的正是谁：Who are you waiting for?- Who is it that you are waiting for?3. 与其他带it的句型的区别： 如果把“it is/was that”去掉，句子的结构、意思完整，是“强调句”；如果不完整则可能是其他的句型，不能用that,而要用相应的连词。 It was at 8, pm that he came back. (强调句) 他正是在下午8点回来了。 It

19、was 8, pm when he came back. (复合句) 他回来时，是下午8点。 常见的其他非强调句的带it的句型及区别点： 1) It was + 点时间 + when/after+时间状从(用一般过去时) (主从句时态同步) 2) It was + 段时间 + before +时间状从(用一般过去时) (主从句时态同步)It will be + 段时间 + before +时间状从 (用一般现在时) (主从句时态同步，主将从现) 3) It is/has been + 段时间 + since +时间状从 (主句：用一般现在时、现在完成时；从句：一般过去时) 4) It was

20、+时间状语 + that + 句子的其他部分 (主从句时态同步)填入正确的词：1. It was 2 p.m. _he came back.2. It was at 2 p.m. _ he came back.3. It is 2 hours _he came back.4. It wasnt until 2 p.m. _ he came back.5. It will be 2 hours _ he comes back.6. It wasnt 2 hours _ he came back.VI. 宾语从句中的情况1）时态的呼应问题。通常情况下，宾从的时态必须与主句的时态保持一致。最主要的是

21、： 主句是过去时，宾从的时态应用“过去的时态”。2）特殊句式：动词suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式主语+should +原形动词,should也可省。He suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.(建议)但注意：What he said suggested that he had known the truth.(表明)同样，insistHe insisted that we do it at once.(坚持要做)He insisted that

22、 he had done nothing wrong.(坚持说一种事实)3) wish 引起从句时, 从句中时态常转为“过去”的时态。即：虚拟现在，用一般过去时；虚拟过去，用过去完成时。I wish that there were no examinations in school.How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school!VII. 几个常用的句型：1. The reason why-从句 is/was that-表从2. It is well known to sb. that-主从3. What is well kno

23、wn to sb. is that-表从4. As is well known (to sb.) , 主句 定从VIII. whatever与no matter what1引导名词性从句（只用whatever）：无论他做什么都是对的。正：Whatever he did was right 误：No matter what he did was right山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：Goats eat whatever they find 误：Goats eat no matter what they find2引导状语从句（两者可换用）：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。正：Whatever you

24、 say，I wont believe you正：No matter what you say，I wont believe you无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：Keep calm，whatever happens正：Keep calm，no matter what happens相关练习第一部分：填入适当的衔接词第一组：1. It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 2. The best moment for the football star was _ he sc

25、ored the winning goal.3. Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 4. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing_ youre afraid to do.5. As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.6. What a mess! You are always

26、so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am_ you have made me.7. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 8. _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.9. Grandpa pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _ I was born.”10. I think _ imp

27、resses me about his painting is the colours _ he uses.11. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.12. Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite university. 第二组：1. Po

28、lice have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.2. _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.3. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.4. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 5. It remains to be seen _ the newly formed c

29、ommittees policy can be put into practice.6. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 7. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 8. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than a

30、nyone else on the sports field.9. you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.10. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.11. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.第二部分：单句改错（名从常见错误）1. Iron(铁) i

31、s a good conductor(导体) is known to us all .2. I must make it clear I am not at all pleased about your delay.3. I asked him that how he had solved the problem.4. That he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.5. The news came which our football team won.6. She showed me two necklaces and ask

32、ed what I would like to take.7. If we ought to go is still a question.8. It all depends on if or not I got a good grade.9. We dont doubt whether he can do a good job.10. The reason why I fell asleep so quickly is because I was tired.11. No matter who the guest is must be treated as a VIP.12. Where d

33、id they hold the important meeting is unknown to us all.13. When do you know did I happened to come across him on the street?14. He wondered if he will ever see them again.15. The physics teacher told us the earth went around the sun.16. I realized that what he was doing those things just because he

34、 admired me.第三部分：短文填词阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的连接词 There was an accident on the corner of the Roman Street this morning. No witness saw 1._ on earth happened then. A car crashed into a truck but luckily, no one got injured. 2._ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police are

35、uncertain about the cause that led to the accident. The truck driver looked as if he was guilty. He was too nervous to say a word. 3._ the police would do is to figure out the truth. They said it was difficult for them to judge 4._ exactly should be to blame. 5._ this happened was still not clear. I

36、t was certain 6._ the car driver was too tired to stop the car immediately. The car drive didnt admit the fact 7._ he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted 8._ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.2016 名词性从句 专项练习 答案判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is

37、 no longer what it used to be. 表语从句2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.同位语从句3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.状语从句4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 主语从句5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 同位语从句6. The