词语翻译——增词法减词法

1、1商务英语中的词语翻译2英汉词语在表达上的差异e.g. well ：涌出、喷出”（动词）；“好、很好、好意地、恰当地”（副词）；“健康、很好、可取的”（形容词）；“井、泉、源泉、令人满意的事物”（名词）；“咳、嗯、好吧”（语气词） 3英语一词多义Business was rather slow last month.上个月生意不太景气The book is rather slow.这本书很乏味（不精彩）。Youd better go slow in reaching a conclusion.你最好不要急于下结论。He is slow of understanding.他理解力较差。He is

2、 so slow that I have to explain everything several times.他太迟钝，所有的事我都得解释好几遍。Be slow to promise but quick to practice.不要轻易许诺，但一旦许诺要尽快实践。 He is slow at speech with women yet.跟女人说话，他还有点笨嘴拙舌。 4Develop trouble 发生Develop a force 产生Developing a practical rod发明Develop a statement得出Develop a theory提出Develop a

3、 new type of potato培育Develop a tuberculosis换上Develop his own manner of acting形成 Develop all the natural substances开发Develop the deposit 开采Develop a design 进行Develop the science of agriculture从事Develop a kind of paper 研制Develop photos 冲洗Develop an extramarital affair 搞Develop new materials 开发利用Develo

4、p childrens interest 培养Develop the western region开发发展5翻译时注意：翻译时注意：l平时多积累Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions.他们的工作人员随时为我们提供支持并解答技术上的问题。You have a creative edge in business.你获得创造性地商业优势。6一、为了语法上的需要而增词时态要求补充原文因语法省略的词二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词增加动词 形容词 副词名词 量词 三、

5、为了增加背景文化知识四、名词复数翻译的增词法语气词范畴词概括性的词承上启下的词增词法、减词法增词法、减词法7一、一、为了语法上的需要而增词为了语法上的需要而增词l时态要求 汉语表示时态的词：着，了，过等 The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree. 英语目前的情况很好，它正按照它那不易为人发现的方式在起着变化，而不是像一只树上掉下来的李子那样在

6、逐渐腐烂。8补充原文因语法省略的词Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好9二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词增加动词 形容词 副词 名词 量词语气词范畴词概括性的词承上启下的词10l增加动词In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants. 在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛遛大街、逛逛商店、游游公园、看看演 出、吃吃名菜。（）In the evening, a

7、fter the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在参加参加宴会、出席出席音乐会、观看观看乒乓球表演之 后，他还得起草最后公报。 汉语动词连用 vs 只有一个定式动词 I forgot my key 我忘了带钥匙二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词11l增加形容词The war made a man of him. 战争把他锻造成一个堂堂的男子汉。Deflation has now reached unprece

8、dented level.通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重严重的地步。12l增加副词13l增加名词具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词141516To persuadeTo prepareBackwardTenseArrogantMadantagonistic说服准备落后紧张自满疯狂敌对PersuasionPreparationBackwardnessTensionArroganceMadnessantagonism说服工作准备工作落后状态紧张局势自满情绪疯狂行为敌对态度17具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词He allowed the father to be overruled by t

9、he judge, and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。18l增加表示名词复数的词增加重迭词表示复数增加数词或其他词表示复数Flowers bloom all over the yard朵朵鲜花开满了庭院The lion is the king of animals.狮是百兽之王19The ASIAN countries have designated 1992 as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds

10、pleasure-and-culture-seekers of their attractions. 亚洲几个国家将1992年指定为“亚洲旅游年”，携手合作发起一场宣传攻势，旨在让世界各地的那些猎奇探胜的游客确信，他们这些国家也有许多引人入胜的旅游景观。 20l增加量词 数词与可数名词直接连用有些动词或动作名词21A tractorA bikeA full moonA mouthA bad dreamA red sun rose slowly from the calm sea一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。A stream is winding its way through the va

11、lley into the river.一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。22l增加语气词的、呢、吧、啊、呀等Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you.不要认真嘛！我只不过和你开个玩笑罢了。As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.我呢，从一开始就不赞成。23l增加概括性的词Sino-British links have multipliedpolitical, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and te

12、chnology.The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.论文总结了电子计算机，人造卫星，和火箭三方面的新成就。24l增加承上启下的词Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。25三、三、为了增加背景文化知识为了增加背景文化知识l揭示背景、介绍习俗及阐释典故

13、Swan song辞世之作，归天之作WaterlooBMW滑铁卢德国宝马汽车公司26四、四、名词复数翻译的增词法名词复数翻译的增词法lCargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause.l货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。27lHomework1Businessmen went flying off to that country for fortune. 2.Your packing is not as good as your competitors.3.With

14、 what enthusiasm the Chinese people are going on economic construction4. Draft and invoice are different instruments.5. I like your policies of first come, first served.28l减词法宾语代词Any excuse will serve if one has not a mind to do it.如果不想干， 总会找到借口。We assure you of our reciprocation your courtesy at an

15、y time.贵行的好意我方保证随时回报。29l物主代词固定搭配He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。30省略省略Itl非人称的it It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。31l

16、省略连词He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些忧愁不安。Because departure is not easy we made it brief.告别这件事难得很，我们就做得简单一些。32l省略冠词China is changing, and the changes in China, if they continue, may profoundly change the world.中国在发生变化，这种变化如果持续下去，就可能真正(彻底)（深刻）地改变全世界。33l前置词Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场

17、所不准吸烟。On the 13th of May, 1956, I became a civilian again.1956年5月13号，我又是一个老百姓了。34从修辞的角度从修辞的角度l英语重复出现的短语University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。35Homework1.The retailers perform many functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Also, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer aids in promoting the product, often through displays and advertising. Forth, the retailer