XXXX届机械制造专业毕业设计英文翻译

1、英文翻译Chapter 4 portable rotat ing machi nery vibrati on mon itori ng system desig nWith the modernization of enterprise device management, how to make equipme nt, continu ous, reliable, safe and efficie nt operati on to meet the requireme nts of moder n en terprise man ageme nt, is particularly impor

2、ta nt. The rotat ing mecha ni cal equipme nt duri ng operati on of the vibrati on sig nals gen erated a lot of hidde n information that can help people to correctly judge the various types of rotating machinery during operation of the state. Theory of vibration analysis and condition mon itori ng te

3、ch no logy is in separable orga ni sms. Based on vibrati on an alysis of rotating machinery condition monitoring system is to run the process of rotating mach inery vibrati on in formatio n gen erated by the core to determ ine rotati ng mach inery is running or the ano maly occurred.4.1 The system w

4、orksThe system works: The acquisition rotating machinery vibration sensor equipment running in the process of the vibration signals, after filtering hardware circuit amplification, A / D conversion, and then upload the data through the USB in terface to a computer for process ing; host computer can

5、be the data collector sample rate, cha nnel select ion and so the corresp onding parameter sett in gs; through the application of the software for signal analysis and processing and analysis of pain t-related waveforms; and the n, through the releva nt waveform an alysis and spectrum an alysis to de

6、term ine the health status of machi nery and equipme nt.4.2 System Structure DiagramDesig n con cept of this system is the top-dow n desig n, the first device to achieve the overall planning function, and then divide the total work function to the hardware and software sub-modules to realize the sys

7、tem overall desig n block diagram show n inFigure1.4.3 Vibrati on speed sen sor selecti onVibrati on sen sor (Se nsor) is a collecti on can be gen erated by rotat ing machi nery vibration signals, according to a certain law of vibration signals are converted to their corresp onding physical qua ntit

8、y or sig nal and ano ther output device, is to achieve large-scale rotating machinery condition monitoring of an important link If there is no vibration sensor to the original vibration signals accurately capture and conversion, rotati ng mach inery con diti on mon itori ng can not be achieved.By co

9、llecting vibration signal of a different nature can be classified as follows: accelerati on, velocity, displaceme nt and so on. Vibratio n sen sor selecti on must take into account sensor performanee requirements; sensor static and dynamic characteristics. Vibration sensor static characteristics of

10、the main parameters are: linearity, resolution and sensitivity. The dynamic characteristics of vibration sensors used it to resp ond to certa in criteria to represe nt the in put sig nal. As the rotat ing machinery vibration signals output sinusoidal signal, so the dynamic characteristics of sen sor

11、s used to in dicate the freque ncy resp on se. Rotati ng mach inery vibrati on test commo nly used types of sen sors are piezoelectric sen sors and in ertial rate sen sors.Piezoelectric sensors used for non-rotating components of the acceleration measurement. It is characterized by the use of a wide

12、 frequency range, usually 0.2 10k Hz, therefore, it is suitable for high-speed rotating machinery vibration tests. The quality of piezoelectric accelerati on sen sor is small, easy to in stall in mecha ni cal equipme nt. However, piezoelectric sen sors are high impeda nee, weak sig nal sen sor, meas

13、uring the site vulnerable to electromagnetic, acoustic and thermal air currents and other interferenee, so that the output signal contains the part of non-vibration accelerati on measureme nt points from a false sig nal.In ertial speed sen sor is a con tact-type vibrati on sen sor, it is absolutely

14、vibrati on velocity of the detected objects into moving parts moving relative to the absolute speed of the shell, and the n through an internal tran sformati on to the relative vibratio n velocity transform parts of the electromotive force, namely, by measuring the electromotive force to calculate t

15、he speed of rotating machinery vibration. Inertial speed sen sor that has high sen sitivity and low output impeda nee, but also the output power of a strong signal, so it is not susceptible to electromagnetic interferenee after noon, for more complex and requires a long lead on-site, still higher si

16、g nal to noise ratio. The sensor's frequency range between 0.008 1KHz, no special pre-amplifier, install easy to use.The system uses the VS Series Vibration velocity sensor shown in Figure 4-2, which measured beari ng, chassis or structure of the vibrati on in ten sity and vibrati on in ten sity

17、. Such sen sors measure the vibrati on is relative to the absolute vibrati on of free space; its output voltage is proportional to the speed and vibration, so called velocity type vibration sensors. Can also convert the speed of traffic through the displacement of points re-display processing? This

18、measurement can rotation or reciprocati ng body to con duct a comprehe nsive evaluati on of work ing con diti ons, which directly in stalled on the machi ne outside, so maintenance is very convenient to use.®4-2 VS系列振动速度传感器How It Works: VS Series Vibration Monitoring speed sensor is the use of

19、magn etic in duct ion prin ciple to vibratio n sig nals conv erted into electrical sig nals. It is mainly from the magnetic circuit system, inertial mass, spring damping components. The sen sor rigid shell secured to a magn et, in ertial mass (coil comp onen t), with spri ng suspe nsion comp onents

20、on the hous ing. Work, the sen sor in stalled on the machi ne, the machine vibration when the working frequency range of the sensor, the coil and magnet relative movement, cutting magnetic field lines, on-Iine circle produces induced voltage, the voltage is proportional to the value of vibration vel

21、ocity. Then match with the sec on dary in strume nt, which shows that the amount of vibrati on velocity or displaceme nt size. sen sitivity values are 80Hz, the speed of 18mm / s case determ in ati on of Amplitude linearity: "3%; transverse sensitivity ratio:" 5% Direction: (provides for h

22、oriz on tal direct ion 0 )°Vertical: 90±0 °Horizontal: 0±0 ° Output Resista nee: < 450; I nsulatio n resista nee :> 20M4.4 Hardware Desig n Module4.4.1 An alog sig nal con diti oning circuitJP1 the n collected the raw vibrati on sen sors capture sig nal amplificatio n

23、through the filter into the analog circuit A / D chip for A / D conversion, in order to host computer for data process ing.He灵壇度mvAnm/a测毘范国测量hA寸安装固 定加矶使用耳境MSxl 25-25 ioorVS4.?B4-200V:探隆7 mind；-32 ioorVSH-4 5B4-200V:2Dmm/s水甲漢度7 min10 300di1 inm(p-p)MS«12525loorVS40X20±5%Vt30mm/s麻育x76諜度7 min

24、10 500d；1MS <1.2525lootVSH-10DV:水半澤度7 mmID fd：1 mmfjs-p)趙A或水fMSxi .25-25“loot'VS-10KV:裸度7 minIDr00d：1护n.或水t.5"-wVS4D1140 ±5%V:2Dmin/s：ipBfi譯魔7 mmtoot10 500d；駆直或狀T.2515DVVS4QJ2孔±3%V:20 min/s瀝度1. Signal filteringVibration sensor will be a non-power rotating machinery vibration si

25、gnals into electrical sig nals, but the vibrati on sig nals superimposed on the sce ne useless no ise, these no ise and vibrati on sig nals gen erated at the same time, some are mixed with the process of vibration signal transmission, the noise sometimes will be greater than the useful sig nal, ther

26、eby inun dati ng useful sig nal. If you do not elim in ate them, will be right behind the signal processing analysis to bring the error, and even sometimes lead to wrong conclusions, so the collected signal is filtered.Gen erally divided into low-pass filters, high pass, band pass and band stop filt

27、er, its freque ncy resp onse characteristics as show n in Figure 4-2.Low-pass filter is the low-freque ncy sig nals while the high-freque ncy sig nals are not passed through the filter. High-pass filter and low-pass filter performance is just the opposite, namely, high-frequency signals through the

28、low-frequency signal is not passed; band-pass filter is the frequency in a range of the signal through, while outside the scope of this Could not get it; band-stop performance and band-pass filter is the opposite, that is, with in the scope of a certa in freque ncy band sig nal is blocked, in which

29、the sig nal outside the pass ban d.图4-2旄液篙的理坦箱性制低通關贯福 b高通睛注祈 c 芾通沛爺潇吐带跟匿瓏褂Field Dynamic collected vibration signals are often mixed with a lot of useless noise, for noise, its frequency is difficult to quantify given the size of the value of design as long as the filter when considering high-frequen

30、cy interference signal suppressi on. Accord ing to Nyquist's Law, data collect ion devices for data acquisiti on freque ncy must be greater tha n twice the highest freque ncy vibratio n sig nal, the sig nal can not occur un til the freque ncy alias ing phe nomenon, the n eed to desig n a low-pas

31、s filter for vibrati on sig nal through, filter out some high-freque ncy in terfere nce . The simplest low-pass filter formed by capacitors and resistors, shown in Figure, A simple RC low-pass circuit, the gen eral call it passive low-pass filter.The low-pass filterR3cc :吒图4胡RC低通滤波Figure 4-3 shows t

32、he RC low-pass filter circuit, the voltage loop equation:Its gain丄讥)耳 i 皿 jO>CMinimal ,The availability of the actual gain ofGain value is a function of frequency in the low frequency areaR C= 1A( ) 1Signal pass; highfreque ncyareaGreat ,R C? 1,Av( ) 0with the clinicalSignal un reas on able R C 1

33、 Un reas on able when they pass point of time the frequency is defined as the cut-offfc-frequency:2 RC2. Signal amplificationIn the rotating machinery vibration signals measurement,the sensor's output sig nal is very weak, gen erally can not be directly used to display, record, or conversion, th

34、e need for amplification, pairs of rotating machinery vibration signals measureme nt system uses the followi ng characteristics of the amplifier requires : Freque ncy ban dwidth, and can enl arge DC sig nal High precisi on, good lin earity; High in put impeda nee, low output impeda nee Low drift, lo

35、w noise ； Powerful an ti-com mon-m ode in terfere ncIC op amp is composed of high-ga in an alog electr onic devices, due to low prices, comb ined flexible and widely used. An alog sig nals can be proporti on al, in tegral, differe ntial, and additi on and subtracti on and other operati ons. Figure 4

36、-4 shows, LM324AD for Operational Amplifier chips, with the R22, and C4 composition amplifier circuit, the circuit set the capacitor C4 is the role of negative feedback: RFCF is not large, low-frequency signals will be fiction, virtually played the role of high-pass filter, which with the previous R

37、C low-pass filter needed to band together ficti on outside the high-freque ncy no ise sig nal and low-freque ncy shak ing sig nals at the same time by adjusting the value of C4,Get a differe nt gain.In additi on, R6, R15, R10, R22 four resistors form by the bipolar in put op amp to convert a univ oc

38、al in put, i n order to meet the requireme nts of AD-chip un spooled in put, i nput range can be +5 V 5V . To adapt to most of the voltage sen sor output characteristics. VM in terve nti on 2.5V voltage source, R93 access CH1 curre nt source, can be adapted to curre nt sen sor, R85 and R14 for the p

39、rotecti on of resista nee.RIO¥¥ i , LI肌】图44摸擁信号调理电略4.4.2 Unit Design and Implementation of ADC1. Select analog-digital conversion of basic technical indicators(1) Conversion time and the maximum sampling frequency ofSampli ng freque ncy chose n is too high will in crease the amount of data

40、 and lead to follow-up an alysis and process ing workload in creased dramatically. Accordi ng to sampli ng theorem, the sampli ng freque ncy as long as the sig nal process ing is greater than twice the highest frequency, we can not lose the information contained in the orig inal sig nal. In practica

41、l work, gen erally selected, so that can determ ine the sampli ng in terval, the an alog-digital con versi on modules, must be completed withi n the sampling interval T conversion. Therefore, conversion time and the maximum sampli ng freque ncy of these two in dicators is very importa nt.(2) Convers

42、ion bitSelect the number of bits in the ADC, it is necessary according to its measureme nt range and accuracy required to determ ine the media n con versi on. The practical application of some of ADC, its end figures are not reliable, need to give up, so that measureme nt accuracy is reduced by half

43、, this should be the choice whe n the ADC to be fully considered. Also, be sure to enable measurementof the signal through the op-amp circuit, its voltage amplitude at the ADC with in the scope ofwork.(3) Sample ChannelADC sampli ng cha nnel is also able to in put an alog sig nals into large on es.

44、In selecti ng an alog-digital conv ersi onDevice, we should take this into acco unt, that is, parallel in put cha nn els simulta neously, or the order of the serial in put.2. ADC cell design(1) ADC chip selectBased on the above choice of analog-digital conversion of basic technicalindicators, data a

45、cquisition system used as the ADS8361 chip ADC module, ADS8361 is the product ion of It ' ADS8361 is a dual-cha nn el, four-way, an alog differe ntial in put, 16-bit A / D conv ersi on precisi on device; it to be divided into two four-cha nnel differe ntial in puts are conn ected to a sta nd-al

46、one con verter, and can complete pairs of signals collected at the same time, the maximum conversion rate of up to 500kHz, which 2 卩 s completing a sed A / D sampling, sampling after the data from the serial access on the output. It operates in the 50kHz freque ncy has a strong an ti-i nterfere nee

47、ability,Particularly suitable for high sampling rate data acquisition requirements of occasio ns, ADS8361 usi ng SSOP-24 package. In additio n, ADS8361 also provides high-speed dual serial in terface can be effective in reduc ing software overhead, and powercon sumpti onis very low, only 150mW.S 4-j

48、 ABS8351 内解囲Shown in Figure 4-5, the chip ADS8361 has two internal sample-hold devices.Allowed to enter the four-channel differential signal with a 2.5V internal reference voltage output (pin directly to the output +2.5 v), the in put sig nal range is (if using the internal refere nce voltage, the n

49、 the in put sig nal range of-2.5v +2.5 v) 4 an alog input .The photo shows the pin diagram ,4-6 in which the chip-select sig nal, BGND digital ma nner, CLOCK is the clock in put, CONVST pin is the A / D conv ersion pulse in put pin, Ml, MO, A0 pin used to select sampli ng cha nnel and data cha nn el

50、s; RD pin to read the data pins.t-*fl ERIM. DATA A亍:& "13 a w亘dSLJE.Z3-em-CLOCKAl>iM1*Cm * 1日4hpCH iKd-rCOhr.'BT ?V-0i*ZiMi41| 4- i ADEdlLitiThe photo shows the pin diagram ,4-6 in which the chip-select sig nal, BGND digital ma nner, CLOCK is the clock in put, CONVST pin is the A / D

51、 conv ersion pulse in put pin, Ml, M0, A0 pin used to select sampli ng cha nnel and data cha nn els; RD pin to read the data pins.Acquisition circuit works: V A + is positive that the output number, VA-inverting sig nal output term inal for the REF for the refere nce voltage in put, CD4053 access mu

52、ltiplexer switch; ADS8361 The CS pin is the chip select terminal, Ml,M0, A0 pin used to select the sample cha nnel and data cha nn el; RD pin to read the data pi ns, CONVST pin is the A / D con version pulse, in use with the CONVST pin RD should be conn ected, CLOCK pin with the in put sampli ng clo

53、ck, DATAA, DATAB is the serial data output; the other seven Lu acquisition signal (VB +, VB-), (VC +, VC-), (VD +, VD-), (VE +, VE-), (VF +, VF-), (VG +, VG-), (VH +, VH-) the collect ion of the same prin ciple with the first cha nnel to achieve 8-cha nnel vibrati onsig nalsA/Dcon verter;、CL .申vrr&#

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55、lT i3JwMLz中鶴rEM4.4.3 MCU Control Unit DesignSystem, the choices are STC12C5410AD Type MCU as a con troller, the series microcontroller is a single clock / machine cycle (1T), is compatible with 8051 microc on troller core is a high-speed / low power a new gen eratio n of 8051, the new pipeli ne / re

56、duced in structi on set architecture , the internal in tegrati on of special reset circuit MAX810.It has about features: en ha need 1T pipeli ne / RISC 8051CPU, worki ng voltage: 5V Operating frequency up to 48MHz, user application space 10K, on-chip512-byte RAM. A total of two 16-bit timer / counter; SPI synchronous asynchronous serial port, master mode / slave mode. clock sources: external high-precision crystal / clock, the internal R / C oscillator; users to download t