Lecture 22 –ED Participle 语法教程 章振邦 上外

1、Lecture 22 ED 分词分词 ED ParticipleContentsGrammatical function of -ED ParticipleCompare ING & -ED Participle Functions of ED Participle -ed participle can be used as: vs. ing participle Pre-modifier 前置修饰语 Subject Complement 主补 Object Complement 宾补 Pre-modifier 前置修饰语前置修饰语 (形容词化形容词化)(a) vt. + -ed，被动

2、，被动/完成的意义完成的意义eg. a recorded talk a recording machine written language writing paper Exe. a _ (break) window the _ (speak) worda _ (want) man a _ (puzzle) looka _ (develop) country KEY: broken, spoken, wanted, puzzling/puzzled.Vs. ing分词分词_ (说不尽的) sufferings_ (意想不到的) happening a _ (新生的) baby a _ (高度发

3、达的) country KEY: untold, unexpected, newly-born, highly-developed.un- + -ed分词分词副词副词 + -ed分词分词(b) vi. + -ed, 仅表示完成，很少单独用仅表示完成，很少单独用eg. a retired worker = a worker who has retiredExe.a _ (成年的) man an _ (期满的) leasea _ (枯萎的) flower the _ (升起的) sun a _ (表现良好的) boy a _ (游历广泛的) businessmana _ (刚到的) visitor

4、 his _ (最近刚去世的) wifeKEY: grown, expired, faded, risen; well-behaved, widely-travelled, newly-arrived, recently-departed.副词副词 + -ed分词分词 Subject Complement 主补主补 (SVC)eg. He was excited.Exe. You looked _ (exhaust). She kept _ (depress) until he advised her to see a psychiatrist. His technique was becom

5、ing increasingly _ (specialize). Though people all believed that he was guilty, he went _ (punish). Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ (pay) by the hour.KEY: exhausted, depressed, specialized, unpunished, paid. 古英语遗留下来的几个-ed分词用法问题 (P394)eg. A drunken man is one who is drunk. Wood that has _

6、is _ wood. (rot) A _ candle is one that has been _. (light)原形原形-ed分词分词形容词作名词形容词作名词修饰语修饰语形容词作补语形容词作补语lightlitlightedlitdrinkdrunkdrunkendrunkrotrottedrottenrotten Object Complement 宾补宾补(1) 感官动词：see, hear, feel, find, thinkeg. We found her greatly _ (change). The managers discussed the plan that they

7、would like to see _ (carry out) the next year.(2) 使役动词：make, get, have, keep, leaveeg. When are you going to have the car _ (repair)? Im afraid we have no food _ (leave). We left a lot of problems _ (solve) during our last meeting. Please keep us _ (inform) of the latest developments.(3) 意愿动词：like,

8、want, wish, order eg. He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. = (to be) discussed Do you wish your breakfast _ (bring) to your room, madam? We dont want anything _ (say) about this. I dont want that sort of thing _ (keep) happening.KEY: (to be) reorganized, (to be) brought, unsaid, to

9、keep. Non-finite Verbs as adverbial infinitive: to do - ing participle - ed participle（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构） infinitive: to do purpose 目的状语eg. She stood up to see better. result 结果状语eg. He got t the station only to be told that the train had left. cause 原因状语eg. Im glad to see you here. - ing participle ti

10、me 时间状语 condition 条件状语 concession 让步状语 accompanying circumstances 伴随状语 result 结果状语 cause 原因状语 Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight oclock. You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet (if you keep on your fee

11、t).时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语条件状语条件状语 Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area. The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand.伴随状语伴随状语结果状语结果状语时间状语时间状语 - ed participle time 时间状语 condition 条件状语 concession 让步状语 accompanyi

12、ng circumstances 伴随状语 result 结果状语 cause 原因状语 Refer to Chapter 32 for more information.The metal expands when it is heated. Heated, the metal expands.Since we lived in the country, we had few amusements. Living in the country, we had few amusements（娱乐）.时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语 His parents died, leaving him a

13、n orphan(孤儿). The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand. Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage. United, we stand; divided, we fall.结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语让步状语让步状语条件状语条件状语4 steps to deal with non-finite clauses in exam:STEP 1: sentence structure!_ many times, but he

14、 still couldnt understand it._ many times, he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been toldCA _to the left, youll find the post office. If you _to the left, youll find the post office. _to the left, and youll find the post office.A. Turning B. To

15、turn C. Turn D. TurnedCCA STEP 2: logical subject - passive or active? _from space , the earth looks blue. _from space , we can see the earth is blue. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. SeeBASTEP 3: with or without its own logical subject? _ no buses, we have to walk home . _ Sunday I shall have a quiet

16、 day at home. A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It beingA D The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside. _ the dirty clothes, the girl hung them up outside.A.was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washedBD “依着法则”和“悬垂分词”： logical subject! The hunter saw a lion drinking at the spring. Sitting at the back as we are, we cant hear a word. Having eaten our lunch, the car pushed its way through the tortuous canyon.我们尽量避免使用悬垂结构!Refer to Exe. 22D on P385.STEP 4: time! He stood there _ for his mother. _for two hours, he went away. A.