计算机网络名词中英对照

1、学习必备欢迎下载计算机网络专业术语目录2012-4-2Chapter 1End system P28 端系统Modem P29调制解调器（俗称：猫）Base station P29 基站Communication link P30通信链路Physical media P30物理介质Coaxial cable P30同轴电缆Fiber optics P30光纤Radio spectrum P30射频频谱Transmission rate P30传输速率Packets P30（数据）包，或分组Routers P30路由器Link-layer switches P30链路层交换机Path P30路径

2、ISP (Internet Service Provider) P30网络服务提供商TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) P31传输控制协议IP ( Internet Protocol) P31网际协议Intranets P31内网API (Application Programming Interface) P32应用程序编程接口Network edge P35网络边缘Access Networks P38接入网Ethernet P42以太网Network core P48网络核心Circuit Switching P50电路转换Packet Switchi

3、ng分组交换FDM (frequency-division multiplexing) P50频分多路复用TDM (time-division multiplexing) P50时分多路复用Statistical Multiplexing统计复用Store-and-forward存储转发Queuing delays P53排队延迟Transmission delay P60传输延迟，或发送延迟Propagation delay P60传播延迟Throughput P59 吞吐量Internet backbone P57骨干网Delay P59 延迟，或时延Loss P59丢包Packet-Sw

4、itched Network P59分组交换网络Nodal processing delay P60节点处理延迟End-to-end delay P66端到端延迟学习必备欢迎下载Instantaneous throughput P68瞬时吞吐量Network interface card P74网络接口卡（即网卡）Message P75消息，或报文Segment P75（报文）段Datagram P75数据报Frames P75帧Packet sniffer P82数据包监听器Protocol Stack协议栈Peer entities对等实体Chapter 2 应用层Server farm

5、P110服务器集群Infrastructure P110基础设施，或基础架构Self-scalability P111自扩展性Timing P114实时性Bandwidth-sensitive applications P115 带宽敏感应用Connection-oriented service P117面向连接的服务Directory service P121目录服务Base HTML file P122基本 HTML文件Stateless protocol P124无状态协议RTT (round-trip time ) P126 往返时间Web proxy caches P128网页代理缓

6、存Status line P130 状态行Out-of-band P141（频）带外（的）In-band P141带内（的）User agents P144用户代理Mail servers P144邮件服务器Pull protocol P148拉式协议Push protocol p148推式协议Host aliasing P158主机别名Canonical hostname P158规范主机名Mail server aliasing P158邮件服务器别名Load distribution P158负载分配Top-level domain (TLD) servers P161顶级域名服务器Au

7、thoritative DNS servers P161权威域名服务器Iterative queries P168迭代查询Resource records (RRs) P165资源记录Overlay network P179覆盖网Nonpersistent HTTP非持久HTTP ，或非坚持HTTPPersistent HTTP持久性HTTP ，或坚持的HTTPPeer-to-Peer (P2P) Network对等网络Socket programming套接字编程Chapter 3传输层学习必备欢迎下载Multiplexing and demultiplexing P226复用与分用Unid

8、irectional data transfer P241单向数据传送Finite-state machine (FSM) P242有限状态机Positive acknowledgments P243肯定确认Negative acknowledgments P243否定确认Countdown timer P250（倒数）计时器Cumulative acknowledgment P258累积确认Receive buffer P269接收缓冲区，或接收缓存Resource-management cells资源管理单元Source (port number)源端口号Destination (port

9、 number)目的端口号Checksum 校验和Pipelined protocols流水线（型）协议Go-back-N回退 NSelective Repeat选择重传Timeout（定时器）超时Fast Retransmit快速重传Flow Control流量控制Three way handshake三次握手sequence number序列号（简写为seq）acknowledgement number确认号（简写为ack；注意与大小的 ACK 不同）Congestion Control拥塞控制additive increase, multiplicative decrease加性增乘性减

10、Slow Start 慢启动congestion-avoidance拥塞避免fast recovery快速恢复duplicate (ACK)冗余（ ACK ）Random Early Detection随机早期检测Chapter 4 网络层Forwarding table P338转发表Virtual-circuit networks P343虚电路网络Datagram networks P343 数据报网络Signaling message P346 信令报文Content Addressable Memory P354内容可寻址存储器Crossbar switch P356纵横开关Acti

11、ve queue management主动队列管理Head-of-the-line (HOL)队头Classless interdomain routing (CIDR) P371无类域间路由Plug-and-play P376即插即用Anycast P386任播Interior gateway protocols P414内部网关协议Routing information Protocol P414路由信息协议（ RIP）Open shortest Path First OSPF P414 开放最短路径优先学习必备欢迎下载Area border routers P419区域边界路由器Sequ

12、ence-number-controlled flooding P430序列号控制的洪泛，或带序列号的受控洪泛Reverse path forwarding (RPF) P431逆向路径转发Rendezvous point P433汇聚点Longest prefix matching最长前缀匹配Scheduling调度Fragmentation分片，或分段Fragment Offset报文段偏移量Network Address Translation (NAT)网络地址转换NAT traversalNAT 穿越Link-State Routing Algorithm链路状态路由算法Distan

13、ce Vector Routing Algorithm距离向量路由算法Count to Infinity Problem无穷计数问题Hierarchical Routing分层路由autonomous systems自治系统BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)边界网关协议in-network duplication网内复制broadcast storm广播风暴spanning tree生成树redundant packets 冗余数据包Chapter 5 数据链路层，或链路层Broadcast channels P461 广播信道Trailer fields P464尾部

14、字段Link access P464链路接入，或链路访问Network interface card P466网络接口卡（即网卡）Parity checks P469奇偶校验Forward error correction (FEC) P471前向纠错Cyclic Redundancy Check循环冗余校验Polynomial code P472多项式码（即CRC 码）Multiple access P475多路接入Random access protocols P477随机接入协议CSMA/CD P484带冲突检测的载波侦听多路访问CSMA/CA带冲突避免的载波侦听多路访问Token passing protocolP487令牌传递协议ARPP491地址解析协议Preamble P497 前导（字段）Exponential backoffP502 指数回退，或指数退避Repeater P504 中继器Virtual-channel identifier P520虚拟信道标识Cell-loss priority P520信元丢失优先权学习必备欢迎下载Label-switched router P524标签交换路由器Framing（封装）成帧error detection误差检测，或检错Channel Partitioning信