so用作替代词语法

1、so用作替代词语法EG：Inthebeginning,Iwasjustasexcitedasmymother,maybeevenmoreso.这句句末的so是一个替代词(pro-form),替代上文提到的justasexcitedasmymother。句中的evenmoreso意为evenmoreexcitedthanmymother。在英语中，用替代词替代上文出现过的句子成分或分句称为替代substitution)o替代是连接上下文，避免重复的重要手段之一。当so用作替代词时，主要可替代上文出现过的主语补语、谓语部分(predication)或分句。当主语补语在上文中出现过时，在下文中可用s

2、o来替代，以避免重复。例如：Shewasfrightened,butIwasnotso.Hewasveryangry,andhiswifewasevenmoreso.Ifeelratherhungry.Dontyoufeelso?Marylookspretty,buthersisterdoesntlookso.可以用so替代的谓语部分主要包括“动词+宾语”、“动词+状语”、“动词+宾语+状语”等结构。如果这些结构已在上文出现过，在下文中便可用doso来替代。例如:Janehasreadthenewspapertoday,andshewilldosotomorrow.Timdrinksalot.

3、Doeshisfatherdoso?Heworkedveryhardinthepast,andhewilldosointhefuture.Tomspeaksquickly,buthissondoesntdoso.Dr.Smithalwaysexamineshispatientscarefully,andheisdoingsonow.Shereadthewordsclearly,buttheothergirlsdidntdoso.在主语补语或谓语部分被替代的情况下，如果上文和下文都是肯定陈述句，而它们的主语又不相同，通常要用“so+be/do+主语”的结构。例如:Hewasangry,andso

4、washiswife.Marylookspretty,andsodoeshersister.Theyplaycardsafterdinner,andsodowe.Myfathercaughtacold,andsodidmymother.Jackgotuplate,andsodidJanet.Iansweredthequestioncorrectly,andsodidLisa.这种结构常出现在日常对话中用于简短的答语，表示相同或类似的情况。例如:A:Heisacleverboy.B:Soismylittlebrother.A:Tomcametotheclassearly.B:SodidI.A:T

5、hechairneedsrepairing.B:Sodoestheoneyouresittingon.如果上文和下文都是否定陈述句，则下文要用“neither/nor+be/do+主语”的结构。例如:Allenisntanactor,andneither/norisRobert.ShedoesntspeakgoodEnglish,andneither/nordoesherhusband.A:Imnotworriedaboutit.B:Neither/NoramI.A:Peterdidntanswerthequestion.B:Neither/NordidHenry.有必要提示学生注意的是：“s

6、o+be/d主语或“neither/nor+be/主语”结构中的be/d只是最常用的形式。如上文的动词短语中包含除be/d以外的助动词或情态助动词，则下文中要用相同的助动词或情态助动词。例如：IhavebeentoAmerica,andsohasEd.Hehasntcomeyet,andneitherhavehisfriends.A:Richardcanplaythepiano.B:SocanLinda.A:Tommustntcomebackverylate.B:Neither/Normusthisbrothers.用替代词so替代分句的情况常见于充当宾语的名词分句，这些宾语分句常跟在一些表示

7、看think法、意见的动词之后，这些动词常见的有believe,beafraid,expect,hope,imagine,say,tell,suppose等。例如：A:DoesFredlivehere?B:Ithinkso.A:AmIlate?B:Imafraidso.A:DoesTomagreewithyou?B:Ibelieveso.A:WilltheLakerswinthegame?B:Manypeoplesayso.A:IsBarbaragoingtothepartytonight?B:Isuppose/hopeso.A:Wassheanactresswhenshewasyoung?B:Ivebeentoldso.A:Yourgirlfriendisgoingwithyou,isntshe?B:Iexpectso.对类似上述问题的否定回答常用not作替代词，也可用“动词否定式+so”。例如：A:DoyouthinkFredliveshere?B:Ithinknot./Idontthinkso.A:Istheregoingtobeameetingtomorrow?B:Isup