中考+动词的时态和语态

1、 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 一 一般现在时的考点分析 1 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制) The English teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100C. 2 表示现状，性质，状态时多用系动词或 状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动词，多用动作动词，且常与表频度的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. 3 表示知觉，态度， 感情，某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时 :see

2、, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, like believe, hate want think, belong, seem等.如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 4 在表时间，条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用will或shall表“ 意愿”，但不表时态。 If you will accept my invitation a

3、nd come to my party, my family will be pleased. 5 有些表示起止的动词如come, go ,leave,arrive fly, return, start, begin, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定，计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.二 一般过去时 1 表示过去的事情，动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有语境）；

4、用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到，想到或希望的事情通常用过去式。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. I thought that the film would be interesting, but it isnt 2 如果从句有过去的时间状语，尽管主动先于从动，但从句仍用过去时。 He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 3 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常有以下词语连接，用一般过去时如: but, and,when,

5、as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the first time. The moment she came in , she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. 4 常用一般过去时的句型，暗示着过去的动作。 Why didnt you/I think of that? I didnt notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been with my brother before. I didnt reco

6、gnize him.三 一般将来时 1 表示未来的动作或状态用will/shall+动词（常与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrow,next week等连用) 2 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。 Well die without air or water. 3表示趋向行为的动词如 come go, start,begin, leave等词常用进行时表示将来时。 4 be going to与 will/shall; be to do ,be about to do： 用法及区别： be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往是经过事先思考，甚至已做了某种准备；而will/s

7、hall do表示未事先思考过，是临时做出的决定。 be going to 表示将来，但不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则可以，表意愿。如： If it is fine, well go fishing. If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.（错误） be to do sth.表示计划，安排既将发生的动作，还可表吩咐，命令禁止，可能性等. A meeting is to be hold at 3:00 oclock today. be about to do sth.表示即可，就要之意，后面 Autumn harvest is about

8、 to start. 四 现在进行时 1 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作：表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划； go ,come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如： It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six I am bathing the baby. The girl is always talking loud in public. （与等频度副词连用，表示

9、经常，反复的动作或某种感情色彩如厌恶， 欣赏，表扬等 2 下列四类动词不可用进行时。 表示心理状态，情感的动词：like, love，hate, care, remember,believe, want, mind, wish, agree,need,mean. 表示存在的状态的词：appear,exist,lie, remainSeem,belong to, depend on. 表一时性动作的词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete. 表感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell,Sound, tast

10、e,look,watch.过去完成时 1 表过去的过去发生的动作。在by, by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如： By the end of the last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. 2 表示未曾实现的希望，打算， 意图，诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或上述动

11、词过去不定式的完成式表示即：hoped/-+to have done. 3 “时间名词+before”在句中做状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago” 在句中状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如： He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. 4 表示“一-就”的几个句型： Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had + 主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如： We had no sooner been s

12、eated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 5 在before或 after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替完成时。 After he (had)left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed.过去将来时 参照一般将来时对比：用would do ,was/were Goingto do sth.表过去将来；come ,go ,leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was/were to do st

13、h.和was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。过去进行时 1 表过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或某一阶 内发生或频繁发生。 2 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个由when或while引导的时间状语从句。八 现在完成时 1 现在完成时除了和for, since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/ in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years等. 2 下列句型常用现在完成时。 It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句 This(That/It)is th

14、e first(second-)time that +完成时 This(That/it)is the only- +that +完成时 This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting- +that从句+完成时 3 在时间或条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如： I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Dont get off the

15、bus until it has stopped. .九 被动语态考查要点简述 其构成方式：be+过去分词，口语get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（短语可省去）。 用被动语态要注意几个问题。 1 主动到被动的双宾语的变化。 I was given an interesting book. An interesting book was given to me. 2 主动到被动时，宾补成主补。作宾补的不定式前加出。The boss made him work all day= He was ma

16、de to work all day (by the boss). 3 短语动词变被动时，勿甩掉“尾巴。 The children were taken good of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 4 情态动词和be going to ,be to ,be sure to ,used to ,have to,had bette等结构变被动 语态，只需将它们后的不定式变为 “be+过去分词”. 5 当句子的谓语为： say ,believe ，expect,think,know,wr

17、ite,consider,report 等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用 被动语态，动词不定式为主补。也可用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句表示出来。如： People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 类似的句型有:It is said/known/ sug

18、gested/Believed/hoped/thought that-. 不用被动语态的几种句型： 1 所有不及物动词或不及物动词词组不用被动式。 2 表示状态的谓语动词，如last,hold,benefit, Contain,equal,fit,jion,mean,look like,consist to等。 3 表示归属的动词，如：, own, have ,belong to等 4 表“希望，意图”的动词，如wish, want,hope,Like,love,hate等 5 有些动词式表被动意义。特别主语为物时。常见的动词有sell,write,wash,open,lock等 The cloth sells well.(不强掉动作） 这样的动词还有feel,look,smell, taste sound等后面接形容词时；当cut, read,sell,wear, write等词带状语修饰时；当动词 表示“开始，结束，关，停，转，启动”等意义时. This kind of cloth washes easily. The door wont lock. The fish smells good. These novels wont sell well. 6 当break out, take place, shut off, turn