高考英语情态动词复习111

1、情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为为“可能可能”、“应当应当”、“必须必须”等等，但本身词等等，但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和不带义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和不带toto的动词的动词不定式不定式(ought(ought除外除外) )连用。情态动词没有人称和数的连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。变化。1. can / could 1) 表示表示“能力能力”、“许可许可”、“可能性可能性”、“惊异惊异、不相信不相信”（此义主要用于疑问句、否定句、感叹句中）等。在口语中，（此义主要用于疑问句、否定句、感叹句中）等。在口语中，can

2、可以代替可以代替may表示许可，而表示许可，而may比较比较正式正式。The theatre can seat 2500 people. You can go now. He said I could borrow his bike. She asked whether she could take the books out of the room. How can you be so careless! （能力）（能力）（许可）（许可）（许可）（许可）（可能性）（可能性）（惊异）（惊异）2) could可以代替可以代替can，表示，表示委婉委婉的的语气语气。Could I use your

3、 dictionary?Could you wait a moment?（注意：回答这样的问题不用（注意：回答这样的问题不用could，须用，须用can）I could come earlier, if necessary.3) can和和be able to在表示能力这一点上是同义词，只是在表示能力这一点上是同义词，只是be able to可有各种时态变化。可有各种时态变化。No one is able to do it.I havent been able to find the book.He will be able to look after himself after gradua

4、tion.No one can do it.凡表示凡表示“经过努力，设法做成某事经过努力，设法做成某事”时，须时，须用用was/were able to do sth.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone was able to get out.The little boy was able to escape from the burning building.He was able to rescue a lot of people from the big fire as he is a firefigh

5、ter.4) 表示表示“推测推测”，主要用于主要用于否定句否定句。意思是：意思是：不可不可能能，一定不一定不：Can/could not do sth Can/could not be sthCan/could not be doing sthCan/could not have done sthHe cant / couldnt be reading there.He cant be such a dishonest man.She couldnt have said so.不可能做不可能做不可能是不可能是不可能正在做不可能正在做过去不可能做过去不可能做You could have been

6、 more careful.We could have told him earlier.You could have passed the exam last term,but you didnt try your best.could + 完成式完成式，也可用来表示也可用来表示责备责备的的语气，意为语气，意为“（过去）（过去）本来能够本来能够，（而，（而实际上却未实际上却未）”5.表示一时的情况，只用于肯定句：有时候会表示一时的情况，只用于肯定句：有时候会Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes.Things can go wrong if

7、 you are not careful.补充：表示惊奇，怀疑，不相信的态度，补充：表示惊奇，怀疑，不相信的态度，用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中Can he be working so late?Can what he said just now be true?How can you be so rude?He cant come now.Its raining so hard.Can not but do sthCan not choose but do sthCan not help but do sthCant help to do sthCant help

8、doing sthCan not/never .too+adj/advCan not/never.+adj/adv+enoughDo all /what/everything one can to do sthIt couldnt be better/worse.I cant agree with you more.短语：短语：只能做某事，只好做只能做某事，只好做不能帮助做不能帮助做。情不自禁。情不自禁。再.也不为过 You cant be careful enough in class. You cant be too careful in class. You cant study Eng

9、lish too hard. You cant study English hard enough. I could have called you for help,but I didnt remember your number. 2. may / might1) 表示表示允许允许或或征询征询对方对方许可许可，有，有“可以可以”的意思。用作此义的意思。用作此义时，否定形式可用时，否定形式可用may not, 但在表示但在表示“不可以不可以,禁止禁止,阻止阻止”等意思时，常用等意思时，常用must not (mustnt).You may go now.May I watch TV afte

10、r supper?Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.有时为使语气有时为使语气婉转婉转一些，可以用下面的方式回答这种问题：一些，可以用下面的方式回答这种问题：Yes, please. Please dont.Certainly.No, youd better not.Go ahead2) 表示表示可能性可能性，有，有“或许或许”、“可能可能”之意，用之意，用might语气更加语气更加不肯定不肯定。May/might do sthMay/might be sthMay /might be doing sthMay/might have done sth请问同学们：昨天学

11、过的请问同学们：昨天学过的cant/couldnt 的用法能想起的用法能想起来吗？来吗？也许做也许做也许是也许是也许正在做也许正在做也许做过也许做过She may not be there today.He might have some fever. They may / might have missed the last bus.表示此义时，表示此义时，不能不能用在用在疑问句疑问句中。中。The boy may be 5 years old. The boy cant be 5 years old. The boy must be 5 years old. 用于用于否定句否定句，表示，表

12、示“可能不可能不”、“或许不或许不”，务必注意，务必注意其和其和can / could 用于否定句意思上的差别：用于否定句意思上的差别：If I am busy, I may / might not go.He may / might not have known it.比较：比较：He cant have known it.不可能不可能3.May 可以表示祝愿可以表示祝愿May you succeed!May you live happily!Wish也可以表示祝愿也可以表示祝愿4.may/might as well do sth3. must1) must表示表示必须必须要做的事，意为：必

13、须，要做的事，意为：必须，应该；否定式：应该；否定式：mustnt，表示，表示“不应不应该该”、“不许可不许可”、“禁止禁止”等。等。We must do everything step by step.You mustnt talk like that.You mustnt play with the knife.在回答由在回答由must引起的问题时，如果是引起的问题时，如果是否定否定的答复，不能的答复，不能用用mustnt（一定不要，不能），而要用（一定不要，不能），而要用neednt / dont have to（不必）：（不必）：Must I be home before eight

14、oclock?Yes, you must.No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.2) must表示表示推测推测，只用在，只用在肯定肯定句中，意即：句中，意即：“一定一定，准准”等：等：Must do sthMust be sthMust be doing sthMust have done sthThere must be sth一定做一定做一定是一定是一定正在一定正在一定做了一定做了一定有一定有There must be a hole in the wall.It must be our headmaster.You must be hungry af

15、ter the long walk.He must be sleeping in the dormitory.She must be watching TV now.It must have rained last night. There must be a mistake.He must be sleeping at this time of day.再次强调反义疑问句的变法：再次强调反义疑问句的变法：No one answered the phone. They must have already gone out.His watch must have stopped. I will

16、go and call him.We must have been playing tennis in the park when you called. 2）Must与与have to的区别：的区别： 在表示在表示“必须必须”这个意思时，这个意思时，must和和have (got) to是很是很接近接近:Have to =have got to强调客观，有各种形式，否定借助强调客观，有各种形式，否定借助do、did,doesMust强调主观，强调主观，mustnt 表禁止表禁止We must / have to leave now.Everyone must obey the law.We

17、mustnt drive so fast in the street.We mustnt waste any more time.Mother is out , so I have to look after the shop.They dont have to buy a computer at present. We must stay home, mustnt we?He had to stop smoking because his girl friend didnt like it.Youll have to go there alone.3）Must 可以表示：偏要，非得可以表示：

18、偏要，非得Can I borrow your dictionary? If you mustIf you must smoke , please go out.Our 3-year-old boy must do the opposite to what we ordered.Why must you ask the same question again and again?Why must you be so curious about my privacy?6. shallshall作为作为情态情态动词，用于动词，用于第二第二、三三人称，表示说话人的人称，表示说话人的意愿意愿，有有“命令

19、命令”、“警告警告”、“威胁威胁”、“强制强制”、“允诺允诺”等意等意思。思。You shall do as I say.Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.You naughty boy! You shall get what you deserve.No, he shant go.You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.He shall be punished if he disobeys the rules.命令命令允诺允诺强制强制警告警告用在用在问句问句中中征求征求对方对方意见意见和和指示

20、指示，用于，用于第一第一、第三第三人称：人称：Shall I open the window?What shall we do next?Shall we put off the meeting till next week? Shall he come to see you?Shall用于颁布法律规定条款规定中用于颁布法律规定条款规定中It has been announced that all the students shall wear school uniforms at school.All the candadites shall stay untill the election

21、 is over.4.Should ,ought to1)表示应该做的事情时，表示应该做的事情时，should是是ought to的同义词的同义词,含义大致相同含义大致相同:We should be strict with ourselves.She should learn to be more polite.You should keep your promise.但也有一些差别：但也有一些差别：ought to更多反映更多反映客观客观情况，在表示因情况，在表示因责任责任、义务义务、规定规定等该做的事等该做的事情时使用；情时使用；在表示某件事宜于做时，多用在表示某件事宜于做时，多用shou

22、ld（谈的是自己的（谈的是自己的主观主观看法）。看法）。下面句中这两个词不宜换用：下面句中这两个词不宜换用： You are his father. You ought to take care of him.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will.We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.You ought to follow your fathers advice.Oughtnt we to give him a chance

23、to try?There is a fine sunset, it ought to be a fine day should / ought to have done过去本应该做过去本应该做但实际上但实际上.Shouldnt/oughtnt to have done过去本不应该做过去本不应该做但实际上但实际上You should have come to attend the meeting, but you didnt.You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.2)Should 还可以表示惊讶，遗憾，对某事的不

24、理解感到意外：还可以表示惊讶，遗憾，对某事的不理解感到意外：竟然，竟然，We are sorry you should feel uncomfortable.It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.I cant bear that he should speak ill of me.Why should I help him?He has never done anything for me.I am surprised that you should speak in that manner.3)用于用于if条件句中，表示一件事听起来

25、可能性很小，条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，“万一万一”Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.If things should change suddenly, please let me know.If anyone should phone,tell him I am in conference.4)表示推测，译为：可能，该会，估计，预计。表示推测，译为：可能，该会，估计，预计。表示依据情况推理或常理对将要发生的事情表示依据情况推理或常理对将要发生的事情的推

26、测。的推测。They should have arrived by 2 oclock.It should be a good movie.This book should be published in 20 months.5)用于虚拟语气中用于虚拟语气中1.一个坚持二个命令三个建议四个要求的名词性从句一个坚持二个命令三个建议四个要求的名词性从句Insist,demand,order,suggest,advise,request,require,recommend,desire,ask注意：注意：insist that/ suggest that:2.It is +adj+thatclause

27、(natural,strange,vital,necessary)3.It is high time that clause4.In case /for fear that/lest(以防万一）的从句以防万一）的从句It is strange that it should be so cold today.The doctor insisted that the girl should be operated on at once.那个淘气的男孩坚持说他没有错并坚持要我向他道歉。他的面部表情表明他生气了并且我建议你要保持沉默。6)用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊，客气，委婉的语气。 I sho

28、uld say ,you are mistaken.I should advised you not to do that.The naught boy insisted that he wasnt wrong and insisted that I should apologize to him.His facial expression suggested that he was angry and I suggested that you should keep silent.5. need可以作可以作情态情态动词，意为：动词，意为：需要需要，主要用于，主要用于否定否定句和句和疑疑问句问

29、句。Need you go so soon?Yes, I must. No, I neednt.Thats all settled. It neednt be talked about.I dont think you need worry.Now there need be no discussion about this question.也可以用做实意动词，可用于也可以用做实意动词，可用于各种结构各种结构：Does he need to know it?This question needs to be discussed.Need+n/pron/to doNeed+doing=need

30、+to be doneNeednt have doneNeed have doneThere is no need for sb to do sthBe in need ofBe of great help to=be very helpful toBe of no help to=be helpless to举例：举例：The blackboard needs cleaning.There is no need for you to inform me of the news.能用其他方式表述吗？能用其他方式表述吗？需要被需要被过去本不需要但。过去本不需要但。过去本需要但。过去本需要但。某人

31、没有必要。某人没有必要。急需。急需。You neednt have done so.We neednt have got up so early. You dont need to do it yourself. （这种否定形式较文气，口语中用（这种否定形式较文气，口语中用neednt更多一些）更多一些）She need finish the homework on time.Need she finish the homework on time?Yes,she must./ No,she needntShe neednt finish the homework on time.She do

32、esnt need to finish the homework on time.Does she need to finish the homework on time?Yes,she does./ No,she doesnt.5. dare也可用作也可用作情态情态动词，作动词，作“敢敢”解，主要用于解，主要用于疑问句疑问句、否否定定句和句和条件句条件句。How dare you say Im unfair?She dare not say what she thinks.I wont allow you to jump over the rock, even if you dare do

33、it.但现在用作但现在用作实意动词实意动词的时候，可以跟名词，代词，不定式，用的时候，可以跟名词，代词，不定式，用于于各种结构各种结构。She dare not say what she thinks.How dare you talk like that?She doesnt dare to stay at home alone at night.I wonder how he dared to do such a thing.He has never dared to tell his father about it.She stopped at the door, not daring

34、to enter.间或有这样的句子（不定式不带间或有这样的句子（不定式不带to）He did not dare( to )speak before the class.He does not dare(to) ask the teacher questions.除了在除了在I dare say这种习语中，这种习语中，dare很少很少在在肯定肯定结构中作结构中作情情态态动词。我相信，大概。动词。我相信，大概。I dare say you are wrong.7. will / would 1) will表示表示“意志意志”、“意愿意愿”，用于，用于各种人称各种人称：would 是是 will 的

35、过去式。的过去式。I promised that I would do my best.They would not let Tom in because he was a black boy.I will tell you all about it.He will give his girlfriend anything she wants.I will do anything for our country.He wont go.2) will用于第二人称的用于第二人称的疑问句疑问句，表示，表示请求请求、邀请邀请 would语气比语气比will婉转婉转Would you like some

36、 bananas?Would you please do me a favor?Will you please give him a message when you see him?3) will也可表示某种也可表示某种倾向倾向或或习惯性习惯性动作，有动作，有“总是总是”、“惯惯于于”之意，也表达所具有的性质和特征。之意，也表达所具有的性质和特征。Fish will die out of water.No matter what you may say, he will always stick to his own views.uWhats the matter with the door

37、? It wont lock.Would可以表示可以表示过去过去的的习惯习惯动作或一种动作或一种倾向倾向：注意与注意与used to do sth的区分的区分Would do sth 表示过去常常做某事，与现在无关，指动作。表示过去常常做某事，与现在无关，指动作。Used to do sth 表示过去常常做某事，现在不了，指动作或表示过去常常做某事，现在不了，指动作或状态。状态。She would sit like that for hours.Every day he would get up at six and light the fire.He told me the box woul

38、dnt open.4）Will也可以表示临时做出的决定也可以表示临时做出的决定The phone is ringing,I will answer it.5）表示预料或者猜想：大概，或许）表示预料或者猜想：大概，或许That will be the postman ringing.He will have forgotten me,I left him 18 years ago.It would be about 10 when he left home. Should 也有此意。也有此意。 情态动词+have done Must have done Should/ought to have

39、done Shouldnt/oughtnt to have done May/might have done Cant/couldnt have done Could have done Need have done Neednt have done过去一定做了。过去一定做了。过去本应该做。但实际上过去本应该做。但实际上过去本不应该做但实际上过去本不应该做但实际上过去也许。过去也许。过去不可能。过去不可能。过去本有能力做。但实际上。过去本有能力做。但实际上。过去本需要做。但实际上。过去本需要做。但实际上。过去本不需要做但实际上。过去本不需要做但实际上。Would rather have don

40、eWould rather not have doneWould like to have doneHad better have done宁愿当时做了宁愿当时做了宁愿当时没有做了宁愿当时没有做了过去本想要做。过去本想要做。最好当时做了最好当时做了你们能回顾一下你们能回顾一下would rather和和would like 的用法吗？的用法吗？Would rather do sthWould rather not do sthWould rather do A than do BWould do A rather than do BPrefer to do A rather than do B

41、Prefer doing A to doing BWould rather从句要用虚拟从句要用虚拟 Would like sth Would like to do sth Would like sb to do sth Feel like doing sth Feel like sthThe plant is dead. I _(本应该给它浇）本应该给它浇）it more water.They _(本不应该给）本不应该给） him so much money only because he asked for.想要。想要。想要做。想要做。想要某人做。想要某人做。想要做。想要做。感觉、摸起来。感

42、觉、摸起来。Had better do sth最好做。最好做。Should have givenShouldnt have given He (也许已经知道了）也许已经知道了）the truth. The article about travelling in the USA (不可能不可能是他写的）是他写的） by him. because he has never been there at all. You (本不需要去）本不需要去）there yesterday. You should have informed his parents of his performance at sc

43、hool earlier.might have knownCan t have been writtenNeedn have goneCould have passed The light is on,we _ to turn it off last night.(一定已经忘了一定已经忘了) -Tom graduated from college at a very young age. -Oh, he a very smart boy then.(一定是一定是） You （本有能力通过）（本有能力通过） the exam last term,but you didnt try your be

44、st.must have forgottenmust have been I would rather have come to help you with your job,but I was too busy at that time. You had better have started earlier. I would rather have taken his advice. Must的反义疑问句的变法 Must表示必须时，mustnt/neednt Mustnt 表示禁止时，may/must Must 表示一定时，看时间状语或者视句义而定。 He must be a teache

45、r,_? You must have seen him off yesterday,_? He must know the plan,_? He must have known the plan,_? You mustnt cheat in the exam,_? Chinese must have the largest number of speakers,_?Isnt heDidnt youDoesnt heDidnt heMust/may youDoesnt it 反义疑问句中的情态动词： 祈使句多用：will/wont you Lets开头的祈使句：shall we Let us 开

46、头的祈使句：will you Lets go fishing,_? Let us go fishing,_? Stop making noise,_? Dont speak aloud any more,_?Shall we Will youwill/wont youwill/wont youf. 3. 情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词表示推测的用法A. 对现在状态和动作的推测对现在状态和动作的推测高考题点击：高考题点击：1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. （05安徽卷）安徽卷） A. shall B.

47、must C. may D. canC说明：说明：must 加动词原形表示加动词原形表示“必须做必须做”；may 加动词原形表加动词原形表示示“可能会做可能会做”；can 加动词原形表示加动词原形表示“能够做能够做”；can 表示表示“可能性可能性”时一般用在问句和否定句中。该句的关键在于时一般用在问句和否定句中。该句的关键在于“but she isnt quite sure yet”。 说明：说明：neednt 表示表示“不必不必”；mustnt 表示表示“不准不准”；shant 用在二、三人称中表示用在二、三人称中表示“坚决不准坚决不准”，含有强，含有强烈的警告和命令的语气。烈的警告和命令

48、的语气。shouldnt 表示表示“非常不可能非常不可能”或或“应该不会应该不会”。2. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. （05上海卷）上海卷） A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldntD. needntC3. Its nearly 7:00. Jack _ be here at any moment. (N 1995) A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can4. John

49、ny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. (N 1996) A. wont, cantB. mustnt, may C. shouldnt, mustD. cant, shouldCB must + be 表示表示“肯定会肯定会”；need + be 表示表示 “需要在需要在”；should + 动词原形表示动词原形表示“非常有可能非常有可能”；can 表示可能性只用表示可能性只用在否定和疑问句中。在否定和疑问句中。前句表示前句表示“你不能玩刀你不能玩刀”，此处的，此处的 “不能不能”并非表示并非表示“能力能力”，而是表示而是表示“

50、允许允许”，所以只能用，所以只能用“mustnt”；后句表示；后句表示“可能可能会伤着你自己会伤着你自己”，故用，故用 may。5. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. ( N 2000) A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might6. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (2001上海春季上海春季) A.

51、canB. shouldC. mayD. mustDA此句的关键在于此句的关键在于“Im not sure”，既然不能肯定，只能是一种，既然不能肯定，只能是一种“可能性可能性”。此句的意思为：此句的意思为：“Bush 先生总是很守时，他怎么可能在出席先生总是很守时，他怎么可能在出席开幕仪式时迟到呢？开幕仪式时迟到呢？“ can 在否定句或疑问句中表示在否定句或疑问句中表示“可能可能性性”。7. - Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (N 2002) A. mustB. ca

52、nC. needD. may8. - I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. - It _ true because there was little snow there. (N 2002北京北京) A. may not beB. wont be C. couldnt beD. mustnt beDC此句的关键是此句的关键是“He likes driving his car.” can 和和 may 都可用于都可用于否定句中，否定句中，cant 表示表示“根本不可能根本不可能”，语气很强；，语气很强；may not 表示表

53、示“也许不可能也许不可能”，语气较弱。，语气较弱。 couldnt 的语气比的语气比 cant 弱。弱。B. 对过去动作或状态的推测对过去动作或状态的推测1. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (N1993) A. have told B. tell C. be tellingD. having told2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. (N 1994) A. had to write it out B. must have writ

54、ten it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it outAC ought to 相当于相当于 should；此句的关键是；此句的关键是“He meant no harm”，显然指的是过去的事。显然指的是过去的事。 should have written 意指意指“本该写但实际上并没有写本该写但实际上并没有写”。3. - There were already 5 people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journ

55、ey. (N 1995) A. cant beB. shouldnt be C. mustnt have beenD. couldnt have been4. Susan_ written a report like this. (1995上海上海) A. can haveB. mustnt have C. cant haveD. ought to not haveDC此句谈论的是过去的经历，故此句谈论的是过去的经历，故 A、B 不合题意；不合题意；must 表示判断表示判断和推测只能用在肯定句中。和推测只能用在肯定句中。该句的意思为该句的意思为 Susan 不可能写出这样的报告来。不可能写出

56、这样的报告来。ought to have done 的否定式为的否定式为 ought not to have done。5. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97) A. mustnt have arrivedB. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived6. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara. (N 1998) A. cou

57、ld have stayedB. could stay C. would stayD. must have stayedCA此句的关键是后半句，此句的关键是后半句，“otherwise he would have phoned me”，此处为省略了条件句的虚拟语气，表示此处为省略了条件句的虚拟语气，表示“如果到了他会打电话如果到了他会打电话给我的给我的”，由此可见，他肯定没到。，由此可见，他肯定没到。此句并不表示判断，而是一个虚拟语气。此句并不表示判断，而是一个虚拟语气。4. shall; should 的特殊用法的特殊用法 1. It has been announced that cand

58、idates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海上海) A. canB. willC. mayD. shall2. Its nearly 7:00. Jack _ be here at any moment. (N 95) A. mustB. needC. shouldD. canDC该句的意思为：该句的意思为：“通知说所有的考生必须坐在位置上直到考卷通知说所有的考生必须坐在位置上直到考卷收完了才能离开。收完了才能离开。”考生坐在位置上不能用考生坐在位置上不能用“能够、将要、可能够、将要、可以以”来表示。而来表示。而 shall 在第二、三人称里面表示一种在第二、三人称里面表示一种“命令、命令、警告、承诺警告、承诺”等。等。3. - W