成品油船化学品船舶检验简介

1、油轮、化学品船舶检验简介12 September 2007除了需满足基本的船舶检验要求外，除了需满足基本的船舶检验要求外，油轮、化学品船作为液货船还必须油轮、化学品船作为液货船还必须满足一些特定要求。满足一些特定要求。“油船”系指为散装运输油品而建造或改建的船舶，包括拟散装运输油品的化学品船和指定运输油品或散装固体货物的兼用船，诸如矿砂/油品运输船和矿砂/散货/油品运输船。“双壳油船”系指属于上述油船，但其货油舱由与整个货油区域等长的双壳船体保护，有双层侧壁和双层底处所。可用以装载压载水或作为空舱使用。还包括已有的具有双壳结构但不符合“防止海洋污染系统规范”第3 3篇3.2.43.2.4要求的

2、油船。 第一章 入级检验 一、建造中的入级检验 1、图纸和文件的送审 (1) (1) 船体部分：船体部分： 液货船的透气系统液货船的透气系统 ） 货油泵舱的舱底系统和通风系统的总布置货油泵舱的舱底系统和通风系统的总布置图。图。 ） 液货蒸汽等的透气系统的总布置图。液货蒸汽等的透气系统的总布置图。 （2 2）散装载运危险化学品的贮存装置和液货舱的结构）散装载运危险化学品的贮存装置和液货舱的结构 (a) (a) 独立液货舱的制造说明书独立液货舱的制造说明书( (包括对焊缝和液货舱所用包括对焊缝和液货舱所用的材料、焊接程序，以及检验和试验程序的材料、焊接程序，以及检验和试验程序) ) (b) (b)

3、 液货舱结构的详图液货舱结构的详图 (c) (c) 液货舱附件的布置图液货舱附件的布置图( (包括舱内附件的详图包括舱内附件的详图) ) (d) (d) 独立液货舱支座、液货舱穿透甲板部分及其密封装独立液货舱支座、液货舱穿透甲板部分及其密封装置置( (如设有如设有) )的详图的详图 (e) (e) 液货舱内部的涂装和衬覆的程序，以及这些涂层和液货舱内部的涂装和衬覆的程序，以及这些涂层和衬里的腐蚀试验结果衬里的腐蚀试验结果( (如有要求如有要求) ) (f) (f) 表明其绝缘的布置和连接方法，以及有关的工作程表明其绝缘的布置和连接方法，以及有关的工作程序的图纸序的图纸 (g) (g) 当液货要

4、求冷却时，应根据液货贮存图和液货舱结当液货要求冷却时，应根据液货贮存图和液货舱结构的类型提交符合构的类型提交符合(3)(a)(3)(a)、(f)(f)、(g)(g)、(h)(h)和和(p)(p)要求的图纸要求的图纸和资料和资料 (h) (h) 液货泵的结构图，包括所用的材料清单及其技术文件液货泵的结构图，包括所用的材料清单及其技术文件 (i) (i) 液货舱区域中的管系布置图液货舱区域中的管系布置图 (j) (j) 液货舱透气布置图液货舱透气布置图 (k) (k) 液货泵舱、隔离舱、双层底和其他的透气图液货泵舱、隔离舱、双层底和其他的透气图 (l) (l) 液货液位、温度和其他参数的监视和测量

5、系统图及其设备的结构液货液位、温度和其他参数的监视和测量系统图及其设备的结构详图详图 (m) (m) 液货温度控制系统液货温度控制系统 (n) (n) 环境控制系统，诸如惰性化、充填化、干燥或透气系统的详图，环境控制系统，诸如惰性化、充填化、干燥或透气系统的详图，包括管系图及其设备的结构图包括管系图及其设备的结构图 (o) (o) 探测液货蒸气的仪表探测液货蒸气的仪表 (p) (p) 危险处所中的电气接线图和所用电气设备的清单危险处所中的电气接线图和所用电气设备的清单 (q) (q) 液货舱、管系、机械和设备的接地连接布置图液货舱、管系、机械和设备的接地连接布置图( (仅对拟载运易燃仅对拟载运

6、易燃液货者适用液货者适用) ) (r) (r) 表明危险处所的图纸表明危险处所的图纸 (s) (s) 表明人员保护之布置的图纸（保护设备、安全设备、担架和医疗表明人员保护之布置的图纸（保护设备、安全设备、担架和医疗急救设备的布置、数量和类型，以及去除放射性污染和眼部洗涤设急救设备的布置、数量和类型，以及去除放射性污染和眼部洗涤设备的布置）备的布置） (t) (t) 除以上除以上(a)(a)至至(s)(s)中规定者之外，其它认为必要的图纸和文件。中规定者之外，其它认为必要的图纸和文件。 2 2 其他图纸和文件的送审其他图纸和文件的送审 （1）对散装载运危险化学品的贮存装置和液货舱结构，应 提交下

7、列图纸和文件： (a) (a) 表明所有拟装载之货物的化学和物理性质以及其表明所有拟装载之货物的化学和物理性质以及其他特性的一览表他特性的一览表 (b) (b) 危险化学品以及与其同时装载之其他化学品的装危险化学品以及与其同时装载之其他化学品的装载图载图 (c) (c) 与其他化学品、水或者该化学品自身起反应，包与其他化学品、水或者该化学品自身起反应，包括聚合作用括聚合作用( (如认为必要如认为必要) )以及与加热或冷却介质起反以及与加热或冷却介质起反应而出现的反应危险性的指导性文件。应而出现的反应危险性的指导性文件。(d) (d) 液货舱中在拟装载货物与涂层或衬里之间的反应液货舱中在拟装载货

8、物与涂层或衬里之间的反应危险性，以及可能与液态或蒸气态货物相接触之管危险性，以及可能与液态或蒸气态货物相接触之管系和设备的反应危险性的资料系和设备的反应危险性的资料 (e) (e) 对腐蚀性货物具有耐腐蚀性材料适用性的资料对腐蚀性货物具有耐腐蚀性材料适用性的资料 (f) (f) 每一液货舱的强度计算书，如有必要，则还应提交其每一液货舱的强度计算书，如有必要，则还应提交其热应力计算书热应力计算书 (g) (g) 按要求提供加热系统的容积计算书按要求提供加热系统的容积计算书 (h) (h) 在货物要求冷却时，依据其货物贮存图和液货舱结构在货物要求冷却时，依据其货物贮存图和液货舱结构的类型，提交的类

9、型，提交(4) (a)(4) (a)、(f)(f)、(g)(g)、(h)(h)和和(j)(j)要求的图纸和文件要求的图纸和文件 (i) (i) S篇篇3.4中规定的在液货舱区域中出入人孔的布置图，以中规定的在液货舱区域中出入人孔的布置图，以及对于通过这些人孔出入的指导性文件及对于通过这些人孔出入的指导性文件 (j) (j) S篇第篇第2章中规定的船舶残存能力计算书章中规定的船舶残存能力计算书 (k) (k) S篇第篇第14章中规定的人员防护设备章中规定的人员防护设备 （2）货油舱的压力/真空阀和过压保护装置（如设 有）的容量计算书。 (3) 惰性气体系统（如设有）的说明书和操作手册 （ 包括对

10、于操作者的安全应予以说明的内容）。 （3 3）验船师在场）验船师在场 油船货油舱和隔离舱的水压试验 以形成液舱顶的船侧甲板以上2.45m的水柱高度或至舱口 顶端以上0.6m的水柱高度，取大者进行水压试验。 装载试验如要求在液货舱中实际装载预定货物的条件下进行试如要求在液货舱中实际装载预定货物的条件下进行试验，则此试验可在入级检验完成后的第一次装载时进验，则此试验可在入级检验完成后的第一次装载时进行。在这种情况下，该试验应于验船师在场时作为临行。在这种情况下，该试验应于验船师在场时作为临时检验进行。时检验进行。 第二章、年度检验1、一般检查对于油船和散装运输危险化学品船的附加要求 ：管路 检查货

11、油管路、燃油管路、压载管路、通风管，包括透气桅和通风头、惰性气体管路、泵舱内和露天甲板上所有其他管路的一般情况。2、处所和舱柜内的内部检查对油船和散装运输危险化学品船的要求 (1 )机舱和锅炉舱 ： 应进行内部检查。 (2 )与货舱相邻的泵舱和管弄: 应在彻底进行除气和清洁后进行内部检查。应注意舱壁上各种贯通件、通风装置、泵的底座和填料密封。 (3 )压载舱 : 对船龄5年以上的油船和散装运输危险化学品船，应对根 据上次中间检验或特别检验结果要求作内部检查的舱柜 进行内部检查。 对船龄15年以上的油船和散装运输危险化学品船，应对 与设有加热盘管之液货舱相邻（指与之有共用平面边界） 的所有舱柜进

12、行内部检查。但如在上次中间检验或特别 检验时发现其涂层处于良好状态，则验船师可予以特殊 考虑。Oil/Chemical TankerOil/Chemical Tanker (Additional)Chemical Tanker (Special)Chemical Tanker (Cntd.)第三章、中间检验 一、压力试验1 1 在油船和散装运输危险化学品船的中间检验时，如对进行的一般检查的结果，验船师认为必要时，应对管系进行压力试验，并使验船师满意。 2 2 对船龄15年以上的油船和散装运输危险化学品船进行中间检验时，应按规定，对管系在工作压力下进行压力试验。 处所和舱柜的内部检查 （Oil/

13、Chemical Tanker)测厚(Oil/Chemical)Oil Tanker (Additional)Chemical Tanker (Special)第四章、特别检验一般检查在对油船或散装运输危险化学品船的特别检验中，在对油船或散装运输危险化学品船的特别检验中，除常规的要求外，还应检查液货舱内的液货管系、除常规的要求外，还应检查液货舱内的液货管系、透气管系、冲洗管系、除气管系、惰性气体管系和透气管系、冲洗管系、除气管系、惰性气体管系和所有其他管系，与液货舱相邻的所有舱柜和处所，所有其他管系，与液货舱相邻的所有舱柜和处所，诸如压载舱、泵舱、管隧、隔离舱和空舱以及在露诸如压载舱、泵舱、管

14、隧、隔离舱和空舱以及在露天甲板上的舱柜和处所。天甲板上的舱柜和处所。 处所和液货舱的内部检查 在特别检验时，应适当注意以下在特别检验时，应适当注意以下(1)(1)至至(7)(7)项，对液货舱和项，对液货舱和处所内的结构和附件，如管路等应进行仔细的检查。处所内的结构和附件，如管路等应进行仔细的检查。 (1) (1) 运输对钢有高腐蚀性的货物，如原木、盐、煤、硫矿运输对钢有高腐蚀性的货物，如原木、盐、煤、硫矿等的货舱内的易受腐蚀的结构构件、管路、舱口盖等；等的货舱内的易受腐蚀的结构构件、管路、舱口盖等； (2) (2) 易受高温耗损的部位，如锅炉下的板材；易受高温耗损的部位，如锅炉下的板材； (3

15、) (3) 结构不连续的部位，如甲板上舱口开口的角隅；以及结构不连续的部位，如甲板上舱口开口的角隅；以及在船体外板上舷窗和装货舷门开口等。在船体外板上舷窗和装货舷门开口等。 (4) (4) 所涂涂料和防腐系统（如采用）的状态；所涂涂料和防腐系统（如采用）的状态； (5) (5) 测深管下方防水砣冲击垫板的状态；测深管下方防水砣冲击垫板的状态； (6) (6) 舱底水泥或甲板涂料（如采用）的状态；舱底水泥或甲板涂料（如采用）的状态； (7) (7) 同类船舶或同类结构中已发现裂纹、屈曲和腐蚀等缺同类船舶或同类结构中已发现裂纹、屈曲和腐蚀等缺陷的部位。陷的部位。 液货舱的内部检查内部检查（Oil/

16、Chemcial tanker-additional)近观检验( Oil/Chemical)近观检验（cntd）近观检验（cntd）测厚（oil/chemical tanker)测厚（oil/chemical tanker)-Cntd.测厚（oil/chemical)-Cntd.测厚/船底（oil/chemical）测厚/船底（oil/chemical）-Cntd.测厚/甲板（oil/chemical）测厚/船壳纵舱壁（oil/chemical）测厚/船壳纵舱壁（oil/chemicalCntd）测厚/止荡横舱壁（oil/chemical）压力试验（Oil tanker)压力试验（Oil ta

17、nker)-CntdChemical (Special)第五章、坞检对船龄大于15年的散货船、油船和散装运输危险化学品船进行的坞内检验，不得以水下检验来代替。第六章、锅炉检验第七章、螺旋桨和艉轴检验第八章、计划的机械检验ENHANCED SURVEY PROGRAMME(ESP)1.0 IntroductionThe Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), which has consultative status within the International Maritime Organization (IMO), played

18、 a significant role in supporting the development of the IMO Resolution A744 (18) “Enhanced Programme of Inspections during Surveys of Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers” (ESP) referred to inMARPOL Regulation 13G. This enhanced survey requirement has undoubtedly improved the safety performance of those s

19、hips which have now been subjected to more rigorous inspection.However, whilst ESP adequately addresses the critical structural areas of the ship, the failure of critical systems can also lead to significant incidents relating to safety of life or oil pollution. Recognising the potentially serious i

20、mpact of such marine incidents, the IMO and the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), and the marine industry in general, have over the years developed legislation and guidance aimed at ensuring safe ship operation and protection of the environment. Tanker owners generally op

21、erate with strict maintenance and inspection policies, and within the unified controls imposed by the IMO, their Flag States and the Classification Societies. However OCIMF considers it timely that the industry as a wholereassesses the extent to which the enhanced survey requirements of MARPOL conti

22、nue to meet the needs of the industry and of those other parties which are similarly concerned with the safety of transportation of oil by sea.To this end OCIMF has, since the introduction of ESP, continued to maintain a regular dialogue with the Classification Societies through the auspices of IACS

23、, and has fully supported the development of a more rigorous and effective scope for Classification Society unified inspection requirements and ultimately, it is hoped, the enhanced survey requirements of MARPOL.The primary objective of this paper is to identify specific measures which OCIMF believe

24、s, if implemented now as a voluntary constituent part of the ESP, would consistently and uniformly improve safety of life and prevention of pollution aboard tankers which might present a higher risk because of their age. It will formalize measures which are already being implemented by many owners o

25、n a voluntary basis andwill contribute to the elimination of the need for a multiple inspection regime. Means of encouraging or ensuring implementation of the various improvement measures have not been specifically identified although some recommendations have been made.2.0 STRUCTURAL EXAMINATION2.1

26、 Engine Room StructureESP effectively covers the vessels structural condition forward of the accommodation block and within the aft peak tank. However, Engine Room (E/R) structure is not specifically included within the ESP remit, but is nevertheless important, particularly below the bottom floor pl

27、ates where corrosion can continue unnoticed. In order to address this shortcoming, OCIMF recommends that an examination of E/R structure be carried out in conjunction with Special and Intermediate Surveys.This examination should include tank tops, shell plating in way of tank tops, brackets connecti

28、ng side shell frames and tank tops, and engine room bulkheads in way of tank top, bilge wells and other areas below the bottom floor plates. Thickness measurements may also be required if areas of corrosion are found. OCIMF understands that IACS is presently considering inclusion of this aspect in i

29、ts Unified Requirements related to ESP.2.2 Pitting CorrosionPresently, ESP has no requirement for recording pitting corrosion in tank bottoms despite the potential source of hole leaks which it represents. OCIMF recommends that pitting corrosion is specifically examined and reported as part of the E

30、nhanced Survey. The Survey Report File should include records of any bottom plating with a pitting intensity of 20% or more with wastage in the substantial corrosion range, or where the average depth of pitting is 1/3 or more of the plate thickness. OCIMF understands that IACS is presently consideri

31、ng inclusion of this aspect in its Unified Requirements related to ESP. For pitting assessment, reference should be made to the “GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR TANKER STRUCTURES “ issued by Tanker Structure Cooperative Forum.2.3 Coatings and AnodesRecognising the importance of structural integrity within balla

32、st or combined cargo / ballast tanks, and understanding the benefits of reduced corrosion levels when anode protection is utilised, OCIMF recommends that, where a coating has not been applied or where a coating is found in Fair or Poor condition as defined in IMO resolution A744 (18), the overall an

33、ode condition should also be recorded as a function of the close-up survey.An estimate of the overall anode wastage as a percentage of the original weight should be recorded in the Tank Corrosion Prevention System Table in the Survey Report File.2.4 Presentation of Thickness MeasurementsThickness me

34、asurements taken for the ESP are usually reported in a substantial book which contains the data in the format mandated by the IMO. The data is voluminous and, as currently presented, requires a significant amount of expert analysis for an assessment of the condition of the ships hull to be made. OCI

35、MF believes that there is a need for a simplified presentation which will enable the user to obtain an overview of the hull condition. OCIMF therefore recommends that owners include a graphical presentation of the readings as an attachment to the reports on thickness measurement. Most gauging contra

36、ctors already record the readings on a spreadsheet which makes it relatively easy to produce some type of graphical analysis. It has been found that a cumulative plot of the percentage number of readings against the percentage diminution from the original thickness gives a simple and effective prese

37、ntation which can be used to fit that purpose. Examples of a gauging table with sample data entered and of the corresponding graphical presentation of thickness measurements are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 respectively.The horizontal axis of the plot represents the percentage diminution of any rea

38、ding below its original thickness and the vertical axis representsthe number of readings which are less than that diminution, expressed as a percentage of the number of readings taken.It is recommended that separate plots be provided for: Bottom and Side Shell Plating Deck Plating Transverse webs Tr

39、ansverse and Longitudinal Bulkhead Plating. Other Longitudinal Elements Peak Tanks and one for all the readings combined.3.0 HIGH RISK PIPING ON DECKFailure of oil piping, including all associated valves, located on the cargo deck of a ship exposes the operator to a significant risk of pollution sho

40、uld the pipe accidentally fracture and spill its contents onto the deck. OCIMF recommends that all such deck piping is visually examined and operationally tested to at least working pressure at least once per year. The results should be recorded and held aboard the ship.It is envisaged that such pip

41、ing and associated valves will include, but not necessarily be limited to, that associated with the following systems: Cargo piping Crude oil washing piping Hydraulic mains Fuel oil and lubricating oil bunker pipingWherever possible, and to reduce the testing time, it is recommended that testing be

42、carried out on the complete system rather than on individual isolated components. This testing should be carried out inconjunction with Class periodical surveys and the attending surveyor requested to witness and verify the outcome.4.0 MACHINERY VERIFICATION RUNSThe risk of machinery failure is sign

43、ificantly higher immediately following an extensive repair or lengthy vessel deactivation period. This can be particularly relevant to the safe and reliable operation of the ship if the repair facility is nearby the first loading port to which the ship is ordered.To reduce the risk of machinery fail

44、ures at this critical time, OCIMF recommends that if significant maintenance or repair is carried out on the main propulsion machinery and / or the steering gear system and / or any auxiliary machinery / systems essential to the propulsion and safety of the ship, then on conclusion of the repair per

45、iod the operation of the complete machinery system should be verified under controlled conditions by a test run which includes at least 1 hour at full power.OCIMF further recommends that should the vessel be required to be deactivated for a period exceeding 2 weeks then upon reactivation theoperatio

46、n of the complete machinery system should be verified under controlled conditions by a test run which includes at least 1 hour at full power.In each case this testing should be carried out in the presence of Class and the surveyor requested to witness and verify the outcome.SOLAS XI-1/2 requires all

47、 oil tankers, regardless of size, to be subject to Enhanced Surveys. Theregulation refers to SOLAS II-1/2.12, which in turn refers to MARPOL Annex 1/1(4) which states that an oil tanker is a ship constructed or adapted to primarily carry oil in bulk and any chemical tanker as defined in Annex II whe

48、n it is carrying a cargo or part cargo of oil in bulk. The Unified Interpretations of Annex 1/1(4) state that a gas carrier when carrying a cargo or part cargo of oil in bulk should be treated as an oil tanker.This effectively means that any vessel when carrying a cargo or part cargo of oil in bulk

49、is subject toenhanced survey requirements under SOLAS XI-1/2.The guidelines for enhanced surveys are contained in IMO Res. A.744(18). They state that for MARPOL 13G, which applies to tankers carrying persistent product oil, including heavy diesel oil, fuel oil or lubricating oil, of 20,000 tons dwt

50、and above and to product carriers of 30,000 tons dwt and above, the guidelines are mandatory. They include the requirement that an oil tanker over five years of age shall have on board a complete file of survey reports, including the results of all scantling measurement required, as well as the stat

51、ement of structural work carried out. This file may be provided at the time of delivery but should, in all cases, be available on board at least one year prior to the vessels fifth anniversary. The file shall be accompanied by a Condition Evaluation Report containing conclusions on the structural co

52、ndition of the ship and its residual scantlingsSubstantial corrosion is wastage in excess of 75% of allowable margins, but within acceptable limits.Each Enhanced Survey File must contain a Condition Evaluation Report for each Enhanced Survey that has been carried out.If the vessel is over 130 metres

53、 in length and is over ten years old, the criteria for longitudinal strength of the hull girder for oil tankers shall be met.Evaluations are required at Safety Construction Certificate renewal surveys. The results should be available within the Condition Evaluation Report. The requirements came into

54、 force on 1st July 2002 and therefore only Condition Evaluation Reports after this date will include the evaluation.Enhanced Survey Programme File shall comprise of at least the following documents:-Survey planning documents-Main structural plans for cargo and ballast tanks;-Previous repair history;

55、-Cargo and ballast history;-Extent of use of the inert gas plant and tank cleaning procedures.-Condition Evaluation Report-Survey Status Summary (Class listing)-Survey report (Annual, Intermediate, special, occasional, etc.)-Tanks inspection report (Owner)Condition Assessment Scheme(CAS)CAS is a sep

56、arate issue from enhanced survey and although CAS does not specify structural standards in excess of the provisions of other IMO conventions, its requirements stipulate more stringent and transparent verification of the reported structural condition of the vessel and that documentary and survey proc

57、edures have been properly carried out and completed. The scheme requires that compliance with the CAS is aligned to the enhanced survey programme of inspections concurrent with intermediate or renewal surveys currently required by IMO Res. A.744(18). (MEPC.94)Notes: In accordance with the revised MA

58、RPOL 13G, CAS is to be applied to all single hulled tankers of 15 years or older.The Administration may permit Category 2 and 3 tankers to continue in operation beyond 2010 subject to satisfactory results from the Condition Assessment Scheme, but the continued operation must not go beyond the annive

59、rsary of the date of delivery of the ship in 2015 or the date on which the ship reaches 25 years of age after the date of its delivery, whichever is earlier.The Survey Plan for CAS should be submitted not less than 2 months prior to the commencement of CAS.1 PREAMBLE1.1 The Condition Assessment Sche

60、me (CAS) is intended to complement the requirements of Annex B of the Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers (hereinafter called Enhanced Survey Programme), adopted by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization by resolution A