高考英语《完形填空答题技巧及训练》课件教学教材

1、第一页，共29页。完型填空完型填空 之能力之能力(nngl)训练目标：训练目标：词语辨析能力词语辨析能力(nngl)语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力(nngl)语篇理解能力语篇理解能力(nngl)逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力(nngl)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力(nngl)作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力(nngl)生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力(nngl)第二页，共29页。 题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章. . 内容完整内容完整, ,逻辑性强逻辑性强, ,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨(ynjn).(ynjn). 考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微

2、差别的辨析. . 考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词: :名名/ /代代/ /动词动词/ /形容形容/ /副副词等词等. . 关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识, ,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联, ,暗示暗示判断能力判断能力. . 侧重于篇章侧重于篇章, ,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑. .完型填空完型填空(tinkng)(tinkng)特点特点: :第三页，共29页。完形填空总体完形填空总体(zngt)要求要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜解题过程是对语篇中的缺

3、失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以(ky)(ky)借助语篇的上下文线索以及文借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。化背景知识等进行解题。第四页，共29页。解题解题(ji t)方法：方法：总的原则总的原则(yunz): “(yunz): “先完意，后先完意，后完形完形”。八字方针：上下求索八字方针：上下求索(qi su)(qi su)，瞻，瞻前顾后。前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读第五页，共29页。三步答题三步答题Step1Skip(跳读跳读(tio d) the passage to get the general idea and

4、pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入(jnr)语境）语境）第六页，共29页。Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握在把握(bw)语篇大意的基础上，

5、借助于一些恰语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案当的方法选择最佳答案)第七页，共29页。Four methods(四种常用四种常用(chn yn)的方法的方法)：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语词语辨析和固定搭配辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用利用(lyng)文章中的信息文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和原词复现、近义词和反义词等反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识文

6、化背景和常识)第八页，共29页。Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读（将所选定的词放到文章中复读(f d)检查）检查） 第九页，共29页。 Tips:1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否(sh fu)一致一致)2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否(s

7、h fu)一一致致)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否(sh fu)连贯连贯)4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否(sh fu)一致，一致，上下文的衔接是否上下文的衔接是否(sh fu)合理合理)第十页，共29页。完形填空之完形填空之 九大九大(ji d)解题技巧解题技巧第十一页，共29页。 I did very badly at school. My headmaster

8、 thought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ” 36.A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful第十二页，共29页。2. 根据上下文语境根据上下文语境(y jn)，合理推断，合理推断来解题来解题Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38

9、 to bring out our best. 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise第十三页，共29页。Practice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A.

10、 cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker第十四页，共29页。常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构结构(jigu)层次层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：递进关系：besides, whats more, further;转折关系：转折关系：but, while, however等。等。3. 利用利用(lyng)语篇的标志性的语篇的标志性的词语解题词语解

11、题第十五页，共29页。She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) _1_vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important_第十六页，共29页。and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that th

12、e mushrooms had a very strange_37_quite pleasant taste. 37. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 4. 根据根据(gnj)逻辑推逻辑推理解题理解题第十七页，共29页。 Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almostalways fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a fe

13、w short months. 50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discoverPractice第十八页，共29页。The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the deser

14、t. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 5. 根据常识根据常识(chngsh)和文化背景的角和文化背景的角度来选择度来选择第十九页，共29页。I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile6.从语法从语法(yf)角度来角度来解题解题第二十页，

15、共29页。1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D. for all2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back7.从词汇从

16、词汇(chu)辨析和固定搭配方面来解辨析和固定搭配方面来解题题第二十一页，共29页。8.利用词汇利用词汇(chu)的复现的复现解题解题How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (珐琅珐琅(flng)）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poi

17、son goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生上文中讲蛀牙如何产生(chnshng)。 空空51和红和红体单词在意义上是一致的，体单词在意义上是一致的， 属于同义词复现现属于同义词复现现象。象。第二十二页，共29页。.I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _38_ smoking pistol

18、from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already9.利用语气利用语气(yq)副词的情景解题副词的情景解题第二十三页，共29页。完形填空之完形填空之 实战实战(shzhn)训训练练第二十四页，共29页。 Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbe

19、cause of his terrible_2_. The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely, witheveryone on _3_. Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but they didnthelp the other people. Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else? 1. A. leftB. got C. droveD. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreams D. w

20、ords 3. A. boardB. ship C. seaD. deck 4. A. lifeB. death C. illnessD. disease 5. A. similarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams第二十五页，共29页。 Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany. In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out

21、 and tried to throwhim to the _8_. He ranoff as fast as he could, butthey followed. He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim, one to the right andthe other to the left. Whichroad ought he to _11_ ? 6. A. aloneB. once C. stillD. even 7. A. whileB. as C. beforeD. when 8. A. floorB. ea

22、rth C. soilD. ground 9. A. whichB. that C. whereD. who10. A. sameB. separate C. dividedD. crossed11. A. takeB. bring C. carryD. go句型(j xn)下文(xiwn)有暗示宾语(bny)separatewheregroundwhenoncetake第二十六页，共29页。 He heard the two men_12_ him, getting nearerand at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. Ittold him to go to the _13_ ,and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a smallhotel. He was _14_here kindly and given a room, and so he was _15_from the two men. Thatwas the dream. 12. A. next to B. in front of C. besideD. behind13. A. houseB. hotel C. leftD. right14. A. accepted B.