如何阅读英文案例

1、如何阅读英文案例第一部分案例通常由下列几个部分组成。一、案例名称(Case Name ;例如：Marbury v. Madison (马伯里诉麦迪逊)，vis shortfor versus 是 诉”的意 思。二、判决法院(Court ren deri ng the opinion);例如：New Jersey Supreme Court 新(泽西最高法院)。三、卷宗号；案号(Citation);例如：93 N.J324, 461 A. 2d 138(1983),这说明该案出自新西汇编第93卷，第324页，以及大西洋汇编第二 辑第138页，该案判决于1983年。此处，A是Atlantic Re

2、porter的 缩写。像这种指明两个 或两个以上出处的卷宗号叫作：平行卷宗号”其英语表达为 “ parallel citation,意思是 “ An additional reference to a case that has been reported in more than more reporter.广义上卷”宗 号包括上述一、案例 名称;二、判决法院。四、主审法官姓名(Justice wrote the opinion) o五、判决书(opinion:stating the issue raised, describing the parties and facts,discuss

3、ing the relevant law, and rendering judgment.)判决书是整个案例的主体部分，其中包括法律争 议(Issue)、双方当 事人情况' 事实经过、判决采用的相关法律以及判决结果。判决书的阅读过程之中,要注意以下几点：1 .时态主审法官的意见用现在时态;前审法院的意见用过去时态。2.主审法官的意见是法院意见。3除法院意见 外还有两种意 见,它们被称为反对意见”(dissenting opinion or dissent)与配合意见” (concurring opinion)Dissenting opinion:opinion offered by a

4、 judge disagreeing with the majority panel of judges 1 conclusiO 反 对意见”指不同意大多数法官判决结论之某一法官的意见；Concurring opinion:opinion written by a judge agreeing with the majority' s conclusion butreasoning.配“合意见”是指同意大多数法官的意见，但是不同意判决结论的推理之某一法 官的意见。六'法庭投票(Votes of the court)例如在七名大法官审理的情况下，有几名法官的意见是 维持原判&qu

5、ot;(affirmanee),有几名法官的意见是撤销原判' 发回重审5) (reversal and remandment) o第二部分一、什么是 citation?由于卷宗号这一块涉及内容庞杂，这里再逐一特别说明一下。我们首先来看一下布莱 克法律字典中citation的定义：A reference to a legal precedent or authority, such as a case, statute, or treatise, that either substantiates or contradicts a given position.(p.237)7thedi

6、tion.由于 a citation is a referenee to a legal authority,因此，citation必须要有一个标准，这 样以后的参考者才容易 检索得到。正如布莱克法律字典所指出的一样，Citation formats exist for many different types of legal sources including cases, statutes and secondary legal materials. Understanding the basic format for each of these different types of s

7、ources will enable the researcher to more independently locate materials in the law library.案例之中的卷宗号通常包括下列几个部分：a.案件双方当事人姓名(the names of the parties involved in the lawsuit)； b.包含案件全文的汇编卷号(the volume nu mber of the reporter containg the full text of the case)；c.该案例汇编的缩写名称(the abbreviated name of that

8、 case reporter) ； d.案例开始的页 石马数(the page number on which the case begins)；e.案件判决年份(the year the case was decided ;有时还包括f.案件判决法院(the n ame of the court decid ing the case)。举例说明：Hebb v. Severson, 201 P.2d 156 (Wash. 1948 在).这个例子当中，Hebb 是原告(pla intiff) , Severson是被告(defen da nt)。我们可以在太平洋汇编第二 辑201卷第 156

9、页(volume 201 of the Pacific Reporter Second Series beginning on page 156)找到这一 案例。该案是由华盛顿州最高法院(Washington StateSupreme Court) T 1948 年判决的。二、如何阅读案例(cases之中的citation?确定卷宗号之中的缩略码。请对照下列列表，找出缩略码( abbreviation ) 的汇编全称(full reporter title ).Abbreviation Title汉语汇编名称A. Atlantic Reporter 大西洋汇编A. 2d. Atlantic R

10、eporter, 2d Series 大西洋汇编第二辑Cal. Rep. California Reporter 加利福尼亚州汇编F. Federal Reporter 联邦汇编F. 2d. Federal Reporter, 2d Series 联邦汇编第二辑F. 3d. Federal Reporter, 3d Series 联邦汇编第三辑F. Supp. Federal Suppleme nt 联邦补充案例L. Ed. U.S. Supreme Court Decisi ons, Lawyers美国最高法院案例汇编，律师版L. Ed. 2d. U.S. Supreme Court Dec

11、isi ons, Lawyers Editi on, 2d Series 国 最高法 院案例 汇编，律师版第二辑N. E. Northeastern Reporter 东北汇编N. E. 2d. Northeastern Reporter, 2d Series 东北汇编第二辑N. W. Northwestern Reporter 西北汇编N. W. 2d. Northwestern Reporter, 2d Series 西北汇编第二辑N. Y. S. New York Suppleme n 纽约补充案例N. Y. S. 2d. New York Suppleme nt, 2d Serie 纽

12、约补充案例第二辑P. Pacific Reporter 太平洋汇编P. 2d. Pacific Reporter, 2d Series 太 平洋汇编第二辑S. Ct. Supreme Court Reporter 最高法院案例汇编S. E. Southeaster n Reporter 东南汇编S. E. 2d. Southeastern Reporter, 2d Serie 东南汇编第二辑So. Southern Reporter 南方汇编So. 2d. Southern Reporter, 2d Series 南 方汇编第二辑S. W. Southwestern Reporter 西南汇编

13、S. W. 2d. Southwestern Reporter, 2d SeriesW 南汇编第二辑U. S. Uni ted States Reports 美国案例汇编再举两例说明，例如：Morgan v.United States,298U.S.468,56S.Ct 906,80LEd.1288(1936)表示：1936年判摩根诉美国，收集在美国案例汇编第 298卷，468页开始；最高法院案例汇 编第56卷906页开始；美国最高法院案例汇编律师版第80卷，1288页开始， 决。 For example, a popular name for a Supreme Court case is:

14、Roe v. WadeWhich translates as Plaintiff versus Defendant原告罗诉被告XXThe official citation for this Supreme Court decision is:410 U.S. 113Which translates as Volume 410 United Stated Reports Page 113410卷xx案例汇编113页There are several different publishers for legal documents such as court decisions.(Librariesually only carry one of these published versions.)These publishers may be referred to in parallel citations for this case.例如，该案的平行汇编是：93 S. Ct. 705Which translates as Volume 93 Supreme Court Reporter Page 705第93卷最高法院案例汇编705页Or35 L. Ed. 2d 147Which translates as Volume 35U.S.Supreme Cour