14 主旨大意题型阅读解题技巧讲解

1、. 主旨大意题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍命题特点：考察主旨大意的题在近几年中相对稳定，一般来说每套试题都有23小题。从考察形式上看，从原来的简单的主旨归纳变得综合性越来越强；同时文章的行文跳跃性较强，次序变化大，隐含信息增多；对主旨题的答案判断的干扰性越来越强，对考生综合、分析、归纳文章主旨大意的才能要求较往年有所进步。阅读理解对主旨大意的设问方式一般比较固定，测试点主要在对文章的主题subject或中心思想main idea的把握以及写作目的purpose、文章标题title的选择。尽管设问角度不一样，但是所针对的都是文章的主旨大意。干扰项的特点：【链接高清】1.以偏概全：答案只阐述了主旨的一部

2、分，也就是部分信息，概括不够。2. 主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过了文章要讨论的东西。3. 断章取义，概括错误： 常常以次要的事实、细节冒充全文主要观点。解题技巧做此类题目时，首先要搞清题意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进展综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中蕴涵的信息往往是关键信息。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点就是有一个反复出现的中心词即主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。此外，还要学会借助文章的构造来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句topic sentence来表达。一篇文章的中心思想常常在开场段或结尾段点出，因此，要特别注意段首、

3、段尾及主题句。对于没有明显的主题句的文章，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进展全面考虑，综合分析，归纳出主题句进而概括出文章的中心思想，而不要将文章中出现的细节误认为是文章或段落的中心思想。略读是阅读的第一步。特别是在考场上时间紧、阅读量大的情况下，要获取答题所需要的信息，有时不能按常规逐字逐句地读，而是要一个意群一个意群地扫描，省略大量与所寻信息无关的词句，以求进步答题效率。重点掌握以下三点：抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用阅读法。阅读时，一般不需逐句阅读，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。抓主题词，

4、确定最正确标题标题是段落中心思想的精炼表达形式。标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章内容，点明文章主题，它是文章中心思想最精炼的表达形式。如同选择文章的主题思想一样，标题要有概括性、全面性、针对性。确定标题时既要防止概括不全，以部分代整体，或以事实细节代替详细的大意；也要防止概括过度，即脱离了文本内容的过度发挥，导致标题范围太大，缺乏针对性。标题选择如同选帽子一样必须大小适宜才行。另外，标题既要简洁、突出、新颖，还要具有醒目的特点，这样才能吸引读者。抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，

5、概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联络，然后加以归纳形成主题。 领会意图，辨清写作目的每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是娱乐读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不被明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类试题要求在理解文章总体内容的根底上领会作者的意图。特别提示：不管主题句出如今文章的什么位置, 我们都要把这类题作为该篇文章的最后一道题去做, 因为做完其它题以后会对文章的主旨理解有帮助。真题再现【链接高清】1.全国II卷第52题What would be the best title

6、 for the text?A. Cultural Differences B. Smiles and RelationshipsC. Facial Expressiveness D. Habits and Emotions2. 浙江卷第50题This article is mainly about _.A. the lives of school childrenB. the cause of arguments in schoolsC. how to analyze youth violenceD. how to deal with school conflicts 3.福建卷第59题Wh

7、at would be the best title for the passage?A. Money Is Raised by the NewspaperB. Newspaper Distributes Money to the NeedyC. Unknown Hero Spreads Love in EnvelopesD. Robin Hood Returns to the City4. Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can reme

8、mber how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,

9、but the terrible reality of violence. Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.Once students recognize that conflict

10、 is unavoidable.After both sides have calmed down.Finally.There will always be conflict in schools, but.50.This article is mainly about _.A. the lives of school childrenB. the cause of arguments in schoolsC. how to analyze youth violenceD. how to deal with school conflicts5.Honey蜂蜜from the African f

11、orest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest巢and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts

12、 of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax蜂蜡in the beehives蜂房. The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, w

13、hen it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the

14、 nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always fall to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eat

15、ing the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 63. What can be the bes

16、t title for the text?A. Wild Bees C. Beekeeping in AfricaB. Wax and HoneyD. Honey-Lovers Helper6. Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons 神经元in

17、 our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that .Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but .Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior.Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning h

18、ow humans behave and interact互动.70.What is the passage mainly about?A. Ways to find mirror neurons. B. Problems of mirror neurons.C. Existence of mirror neurons.D. Functions of mirror neurons.7. One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual

19、. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotat

20、ions 引文showing how it was used. This was a huge task. So Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and.Minor joined the army of volunteers.But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, .Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. .In 1910, Minor left

21、 Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was .Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. .66. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The history of the English language.B. The friendship between Murray and Minor C. Minor an

22、d the first Oxford English DictionaryD. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients 8. For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as the

23、y walked from village to village. Jet plane fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest 征服 of time and dis

24、tance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured 忍受. The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a

25、grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly. Then there is the time

26、 spent being “processed at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passenger move again to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being “proce

27、ssed at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.Man, however, is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole n

28、ew industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. Speed controls peoples lives; time saved, in work or pl

29、ay, is the important thingor so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master. 75. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Air travel benefits

30、 people and industries. B. Train Travel has some advantages over air travel. C. Great changes have taken place in modern travel.D. The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.9. Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers m

31、ust carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos 纹身nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you cant judge a book

32、by its cover, yet people do “cover themselves in order to convey 传递certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world fo

33、r a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees 雇员,because those p

34、eople represent the companies to their customers.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded

35、, I cant expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are lega

36、l.59. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Employees Matter B. Personal Choices MatterC. Appearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter1. C. 中心句为每段首句频繁出现的中心词句。快速扫视全文能发现如下中心词：Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.Our faces show emo

37、tions, but we should not attempt to “read people from another culture as we would “read someone from our own culture.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the US.2. D。每段首句如下，通过搜索每句的中心词Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship foreverFirst of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidableAfter both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conf