五种基本句型整理版 高考复习资料 高考复习建议 讲义资料 高考复习方法 复习知识点

1、如何分析英语句子结构以下是讲解 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的主体。如 I study English中的 I。作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如 I study English中的 study.作谓语的有：及物动词或及物动词短语。一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即句子的成分：3、宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的，如 I study English 中的English和He makes full use

2、 of his spare time to study中的his spare time.介词后的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如He went away with no words中的no words.作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。5、定语：它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.4、表语

3、：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea中的a good idea.作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。6、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如I like it very much中的very 修饰much,而much 又修饰like。作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词

4、之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。7、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的，作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。如I find it interesting中的interesting.8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people love peace中的Chinese people是主语We的同位语.二、按照句子的结构来分，英语的句子有以下三种类型：1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brothe

5、r and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我们不难看

6、出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此，只要我们掌握了简单句的几种基本句型，我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。 简单句的五种基本句型 讲与练 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, appear, feel, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, grow , come

7、(true), fall ( ill/ asleep);三、简单句的五种基本句型： -1.主语+连系动词+表语 即:(主+系+表)Our English teacher is over forty years old.The cake tastes delicious. The children became excited at the news.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.巩固练习：1. 冬季白天短，夜晚长.2. 十五

8、岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3. 孩子们很少保持安静。4. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了7这个报告听起来很有意思8. 这种食物看上去不错，味道却很糟糕的。He is out of work. The

9、 leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interestingThe food looks nice, but it tastes terrible.-2. 主语+不及物动词 (或短语) (+状语）即: (主+谓) 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat

10、.3. The Opium War broke out in 1839.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.巩固练习：1. 她昨天回家很晚。 2. 会议将持续两个小时。 3. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 4. 每天八时开始上课。 5. 这个盒子重五公斤。 6. 五年前我住在北京。7. 我不会游泳。8. 秋天有些鸟

11、飞到南方去。 9. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5. Classes begin at eight every day. 6. T

12、his box weighs five kilos. 7. I lived in Beijing five years ago.8. I cant swim. 9. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 10. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. -3. 主语+及物动词(或短语) +宾语 即:(主+谓+宾) 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如: 1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he

13、can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 6. Mother promises to give me a present. 7. We depend on our parents for food and clothing.巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 5那位先

14、生能流利地说三种语言。 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？ 1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gentleman can speak three languages fl

15、uently. 6. I received a letter from my pen-friend in Australia. 7. Jim cannot dress himself. 8. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. He did not know what to say. 10. Do you mind my opening the window? 英语基本句型4 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补

16、的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. He told me to close the windows. The Party made Yanan the base for its revolutionary work.-4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 即： (主+谓+宾+补)1). 接名词作补足语的动词有：call, choose, think, consider,believe, find, make, etc.2).

17、接动词不定式作补足语的动词有:see, watch, notice, let,have, hear, make; ask, tell, order, require, want, advise, persuade, cause, encourage, permit (allow), forbid, teach.不能用于此结构的动词有：suggest, demand, hope, agree.3). 接形容词作补足语的动词有：think, believe, find, feel,consider, keep, leave, make, get, paint, wish, drive.用 it 做

18、形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+ it +宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.We think it dangerous to leave children alone at home.巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4他们把墙漆成黄色。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alic

19、e. All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. They painted the walls yellow. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut once a month. We wont let her go out at night. 9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12他感到很难

20、跟你交谈。 13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way. The

21、school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： She brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： She brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，

22、表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, offer, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, fetch, order, sing, save, leave, spare等。-5.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(主+谓+双宾)answer sb. questionsspare sb. time/money

23、save sb. sth.pay sb. moneycall sb. Kittycost sb. mise sb. Sth.refuse sb. Sth.envy sb. Sth.explain sb. Sth.下列动词不能改变位置：巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told

24、 me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 6.The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary. 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关

25、系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, sit, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.-6 英语基本句型 There be 句型 Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is / ar

26、e 过去有 there was / were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 应该有 there ought to be 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两

27、名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大风。 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 6恰好那时房里没人。 7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 8公共汽车来了。 9就只剩下二十八美元了。 10铃响了。 There was only a well in the village. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. Ther

28、e must be someone ion the office. There used to be a cinema here before the war. There happened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There comes the bus. There remains only twenty eight dollars.There goes the bell. 以上五种基本句型中的主语、宾语、表语都可扩展成相应的从句，从而成为复合句

29、。同时，复合句中的主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型组成的。如： What he says doesnt agree with what he does.Why he came late is that his bike broke down on the way.It occurred to me that I had much homework to do.He promised me that he would attend the lecture.What has made the city what it is now? 另外，句子采用哪一句型，完全取决于谓语动词的用法. 因此，动词的用

30、法是我们平时复习的重点。如：1). 最近几年我们家乡发生了巨大变化。 In the last few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.2). 昨晚在十字路口发生了一起严重的交通事故。 A serious traffic accident happened/occurred/came about at the crossing yesterday evening. 3). 我突然想到一个绝妙的主意。 An excellent idea occurred to me.A fire broke out in the rest

31、aurant last night.4).听到这个激动人心的消息，她脸上露出了笑容。Hearing this exciting news, a smile appeared on her face.5).欢迎你们参观我们学校！ Welcome to visit our school!/Welcome to our school!6).一场暴风雨过后，苹果树上只剩几个苹果。 After a rainstorm, only a few apples remained on the trees. 除了以上不符合汉语习惯顺序的词之外，其它情况下英语陈述句的句序和汉语的顺序是吻合的。我们可将英语陈述句的句序归纳如下：主谓（宾）/主系表一条线，定语和名词紧相连。不是在后就在前，状语很少在中间。 4). 这家餐馆昨晚发生了一场火灾。 They guess that racial differences in which dairy products are usually consumed, or in eat