张培海天2014年考研词汇导学班讲义

1、海天2014年考研英语必杀词汇导学班内部讲义编讲：张培一、词汇对考研英语成绩的极端重要性The importance of vocabulary cannot be too emphasized . “词汇是基石，词汇是基础”“得词汇者得阅读，得阅读者得考研英语，得考研英语者决胜考研”二、最新考研大纲对词汇考查的具体要求（针对性） 考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 -摘自最新考研英语大

2、纲二、考研英语全程词汇备考中的致命误区：1、对考研大纲中词汇量的要求把握不准2、对词汇书的疯狂无止境背诵3、词汇考点把握不准考研英语对词汇考查的总要求：_ , _, _考研英语词汇备考的总策略：_. 考研英语词汇备考的资料选择：_+_+_三、考研英语词汇的十大必考点-分题型 分考点 分频率（三分原则） “词汇考查贯穿于每个题型之中，但考查重点不尽相同”，只有深度剖析和明确每个题型对词汇的考点要求后，考生才能有针对性的进行词汇的复习和备考。1、 一词多义（熟词生义）1）、If you then examined the European national youth teams that fee

3、d the World Cup and Professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced .( 2007) 2) There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them-and they do. On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in o

4、ur traffic.(2004) 3. Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. ( 2005) 4. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits , including soccer. ( 2007) 5. appreciate the economic v

5、alue of trust ( 2007) 6. This “ added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. ( 2007) 7. Curiously , some two-amd-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “ downshifti

6、ng” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. ( 2001) 8. Recently , I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. (1995) 9. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture , t

7、he trend that Mr. Mc Whorter documents is unmistakable. ( 2005) 2、固定搭配-noun-based vocabulary learning method 来自最新考研大纲的表述：“考生应该能够掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组，除掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词+介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；具体化归类：1、形容词+名词2、动词+名词3、动词+介词4、名词+名词5、名词+介词6、副词+动词7、副词+形容词历年真题高频必考搭配20例：1、The American spymaster who built the Office of

8、 Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. ( 2003) 2、In 1995, the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi（布隆迪）（2003）3. The winner , by a large margin , was a tiny Virginia company called Open-source So

9、lutions , whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. (2003) 4. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. (2003) 5. Scientists must communicate their mes

10、sage to the public in a compassionate , understandable way -in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology (分子生物学) （2003）6. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. (2003)7. Any threat of monopol

11、y , they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. (2003) 8. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. (2003) 9. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health probl

12、ems that come naturally with age. (2003) 10. Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. (2004) 11. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a match

13、ing position is posted in the database. (2004) 12. Even more striking , six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged. (2004) 13. consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. (200

14、4) 14. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. (2005) 15. Stratford-on-Avon , as we all know, has only one industry -William Shakespeare-but there ae two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branch

15、es. (2006) 16. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined , led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. (2007) 17. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements

16、necessary to succeed in school and in life. ( 2007) 18. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. ( 2007) 19. Women are particularly suscepti

17、ble to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men. ( 2008) 20. In the case of NBA players , their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recuiting players from all over the world. (2008) 3、 同义替换-多样化表达重要性体现在：1） _2） _3） _例证：

18、1） 绿色环境2）3）手机4）网络5）In recent years , railroads have been combining with each other , merging into supersystems .causing heightened concerns about monopoly .As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounting for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails .Next year , after a series of

19、 mergers is completed ,just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers . （2003年考研阅读真题）6） What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early Americabreakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the

20、 many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.1. According to the author

21、, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to _.A elementary schoolsB enthusiastic workersC the attractive premium systemD a special way of thinking4、 词汇与词组之间的辨析1） adapt/ adopt / adept 2) count / account / accountant / accounting / countless / counter / counter

22、feit / countermeasure / counterculture / counterpart / countact / discount / encounter / 3）serve/ conserve / reserve / preserve / observe / deserve 4）absent / absence / present / presence 6) academy / academic / academician / 7) addition / additive 8) apply / applied / application / appliance / appl

23、icant / applicable 9) applause / applaud 10) chemistry / chemicals / chemist 11) struggle / campaign / battle / conflict 12) attendant / participant / candidate / applicant 13) possible / capable / able / probable 14) discomfort / uncomfortable 15) comprehend / comprehensive / comprehensive / compre

24、hending / comprehension 16) consider / consideration / considerate / considering 17) dependent / dependant 18) different / indifferent 19) economy / economic / economical / economics / economist 20) electric / electrical / electrician / electronics / electricity 21) emigrate / immigrate / migrant /

25、migrate 22) express / express / expressive / expression 23) idea / ideal / idol / idiom 24) formal / former / format / formation/ formative 25) misfortune / unfortunate 26) honorary / honorable 27) imaginable / imaginary 28) indignity / indignation / indignant 29) industry / industrious / industrial

26、 / industrialize / industrialization 30) install / installment / installation 31) tense / intense / intensive / extensive / 32) just / justice / justify / justly 33) identify / identical / identity / identification 34) identify / justify / verify / testify / purify / amplify /certify / modify /class

27、ify 35) light / lighting 36) mean/ means / meaning / meaningful / meanness 37) machine / mechanic / mechanical / mechanics /machinery 38) office /official / officer / officious 39) person / personal / personnel / personify 40) physical / physics / physicist / physician 41) pollute / pollution / poll

28、utant / polluted / polluter 42) object / reject / subject / subjective / objective 43) vacant / empty / blank / hollow / bare / margin 44) vacation /vocation 45) produce / product / production / procedure / process / possess / possession /proceed 46) accident / accidental 47) define / definite / ind

29、efinite 48) immense / commence 49) beak / leak / peak 50) virtue / property / feature / character 51) reason / reasonable / reasoning /sensible / sensitive 52) superior /inferior / prior / senior /minor /junior53) claim / acclaim / exclaim / reclaim / proclaim / 54) emigrant / immigrant / migrant /

30、emigrate / immigrate / migrate / 55) access / asset / assess /assert / insert / exert / dessert / desert 56) protext / context / contest / protest / detest / 57）tribute / contribute / attribute / distribute 58) concession / confession / recession / session / obsession / depression / succession 59) s

31、ucceed / success / successful / successor / successive / succession / 60) organ / organic / organism / organize / disorganized / organizational 5、 专业性术语与专业性词汇1） 商业经济类术语2） 网络科技类术语3） 医学类术语4） 法律类术语5） 社会文化类术语6、 各种构词法的掌握-前缀与后缀（仅举典型例子）第一大类：否定前缀1）So far the results are inconclusive . ( 2009年完形填空）2）This doe

32、s not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility （2003年完形填空）3）The anonymous , lonely , undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behaviour. （2006年新题型）4）In Europe, where forestry is ecological more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community . （2010年的翻译）5）All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. （2001年阅读理解）6） Accordin