英国文学史分时期总结作家作品

1、 英语文学史分时期总结作家作品<Beowulf>贝奥武夫: the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic史诗: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homers Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features: 1. Using alliteration头韵 Defi

2、nition of alliteration: （定义）a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound 2. Using metaphor 暗喻and understatement明抑暗扬的低调陈述 Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their

3、 ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟13401400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊

4、拉斯和克莱希德 <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King Arthur亚瑟王Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑士Beowulf贝奥武甫The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissanc

5、e:文艺复兴（定义） the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new

6、discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe 马洛William Shakespeare 莎士比亚1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in

7、 the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey <The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Ei

8、ght lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. <The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. <Amoretti>爱情小唱2. Thomasl More托马斯莫尔14781535One of the greatest English humanists<Utopia>乌托邦n3. Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知

9、识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.nWriting style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.<The Advancement

10、 of Learning>学术的推进<Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)nThe theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: wr

11、itten in unrhymed iambic pentameter.<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） <Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝n <The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人5. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616l Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: &l

12、t;As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer NightS Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcd

13、cdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 2 The 17th Century 1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园n <Paradisen Regained>复乐园Dramatic po

14、em: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙 <Areopagitica>论出版自由n<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩 <On His Blindness>我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they ser

15、ve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory: The Pilgrims Progress天路历程3. John Donne 约翰·邓恩the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）th

16、e diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻2. syllogism三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction:&

17、lt;Forbidding Mourning>英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 3The 18th CenturyA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: 启蒙/理性时期the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a

18、progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality & science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)1. Alexanderl Pope亚历山

19、大蒲柏16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.<An Essay on Criticism>批评论Artistic features:1.Using “heroic couplets” <The Rape of the Lock>卷发遇劫记 <Moral Essays>道德论<Essay on Man>人论<The Dunciad>愚

20、人记2. Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） <Gullivers Travels>格列佛游记(fictional work)Four parts:Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛<A Modest Proposal>一个小小的建议 <The Battle of Books>书战 <A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事 <The Drappers Letter

21、s>一个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. <Robinsonn Crusoe>鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the hu

22、man labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years t

23、here and finally gets relieved and returns to England. <Moll Flanders> <Colonel Jacque> <Captain singleton> 5. Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give

24、 the modern novel its structure and style. novels:<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling>弃婴汤姆琼斯<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews>约瑟夫安德鲁<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great>大诗人江奈生威尔德<Amelia>爱米利亚n plays:<The Historical Register for 1736>一七三六年历史记事<Don

25、 Quixote in England>堂吉柯德在英国6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯17301774 poems:<The Traveller>旅游人<The Deserted Village>荒村 novel:<The Vicar of Wakefield>威克菲尔德牧师传7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利谢尔丹17511816 <The Rivals>情敌 <The Schooln for Scandal>造谣学校8. William Blake威廉布莱克1757

26、1827 <Songs of Innocence>天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. <Songs of Experience>经验之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: <The Chimney Sweeper><London><The Tyger>Lamb is a symbol of peace an

27、d purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell>天堂与地狱的婚姻9. Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 <John Anderson, My Jo>约翰安德生，我的爱人 <A Red, Red Rose>一朵红红的玫瑰 <Au

28、ld Longn Syne>往昔时光 <A Mans a Man for AThat>不管那一套 <My Hearts in then Highlands>我的心在那高原上 <Bruce At Bannockburn> <The Tree Of Liberty>英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 4The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges <Lyrica

29、l Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death.Romanticism:浪漫主义 It emphasize the special quality of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry sho

30、uld be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth华兹华斯; Samuel Taylor Coleridge科勒律治; Robert Southey骚塞1. William Wordswor

31、th威廉华兹华斯17701850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets） <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) <I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> 我孤独得似一朵流云Theme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace” 2. It

32、 is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: 评述The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and

33、mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 <The Prelude>序曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治17721834The Lake Poets <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>古舟子颂 <Christabel>柯里斯塔贝尔 <Kubla Khan>忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, demonism

34、 with strong imagination, a strange territory <Frost at Night>半夜冰霜 <Dejection, an Ode>忧郁颂 <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)3. George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦17881824（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）“Byronic hero”拜伦式英雄 is

35、a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. <Don Juan>唐璜<Childe Harolds Pilgrimage>恰尔德哈罗德尔游记<Cain>该隐 <When We Two Parted>当初我们俩分别 <She Walks In Beauty> 她走在美的光影里4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱17921822 Poetic Drama：<Prom

36、etheus Unbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression <Queen Mab>麦布女王<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛<The Cenci>钦契一家<A Defence of Poetry>诗辩<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论的必要性 Lyrics: <Ode to the West Wind>西风颂Theme: 主题The author expre

37、ss his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing

38、 life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: 评述Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with

39、a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe )<To a Skylark>致云雀5. Johnl Keats约翰济慈17951821 (“美

40、即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。) Four great odes: <Ode on a Grecian Urn>希腊古瓮颂<Ode to a Nightingale>夜莺颂<Ode to Psyche>心灵颂<Ode On Melancholy> 忧郁颂 <To Autumn>秋颂Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises

41、 the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's thre

42、e stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen简奥斯丁17751817She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. <Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情<Pri

43、de and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见(chapter I)【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood【Lydia & Wickham】shown the danger

44、s of feckless relationships unsupported by money.【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园<Emma>爱玛<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺<Persuasion>劝导7. Walterl Scott沃尔特斯科特17711832(历史小说之父”) Father of history novels <Rob Roy> 罗伯罗伊

45、 <Ivanhoe> 艾凡赫英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 5The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期Common sense and moral propriety, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.1. Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯18121870（批判现实主义小说家）criti

46、cal realist writer <The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club>匹克威克外传 <Oliver Twist>奥利弗特维斯特（雾都孤儿） <The Old Curiosity Shop>老古玩店 <A Christmas Carol>圣诞颂歌 <Dombey and Son>董贝父子 <David Copperfield>大卫科波菲尔 <Bleak House>荒凉山庄<Hard Times>艰难时世 <A Tale of Two Ci

47、ties>双城记(London & Paris) <Great Expectations>远大前程 <Our Mutual Friend>我们共同的朋友 2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉麦克匹斯萨克雷18111863<Vanity Fair> or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt from <The Pilgrims Progress>by John Bunyan)<The Book Of Snobs> 3. Charlot

48、te Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特18161855 <Jane Eyre>简爱Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a governess at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master, Mr. Rochester.It is noted for its sharp crit

49、icism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first governess heroine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. <Shirl

50、ey>雪莉 <Professor>教师4. Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特18181854 < Wutheringn Heights>呼啸山庄A story about two families and an intruding stranger.【The Earnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Is

51、abella < Old Stoic>5. George Eliot乔治艾略特18191880l <The Mill on the Floss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊 < Adamn Bede>亚当比德 < Silasn Marner>织工马南 < Middlemarch>米德尔马契6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德丁尼生18091892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） < In Memoriam>悼念To memorialize his friend < Break

52、,n Break, Break>（碎了、碎了、碎了）/冲击、冲击、冲击 < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗7. Robertl Browning罗伯特白朗宁18121889 < My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 < Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思Elizabeth Barrett Browing: 勃朗宁夫人 <Sonnet from the Portuguese>葡萄牙十四行诗8. Thomasl Hardy托马斯哈代18401928（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家

53、。Wessex novels威斯克塞小说; novels of character and environment） Novels < Tess Of The DUrbervilles>德伯家的苔丝Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德 < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下 < Far Fromn The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣 < The Mayor Of Casterbr

54、idge>卡斯特桥市长 < The Return of the Native>还乡 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 619001950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights 剧作家 Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡 George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡王尔德18561900 （The Aesthetic Movement: Art

55、for Arts Sake） 4 Comedies:<The Importance Of Being Earnest>认真的重要 <Lady Windermeres Fan>温德米尔夫人的扇子 <A Woman Of No Importance>一个无足轻重的女人<An Ideal Husband>理想的丈夫 Novel:<The Picture Of Dorian Gray>多利安格雷的画像 Fairy Stories:童话故事<The Happy Prince And Other Tales>快乐王子故事集2. Geo

56、rge Bernard Shaw乔治伯纳萧18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist Plays Plays Unpleasant <Mrs WarrenS Profession>华伦夫人的职业<Widowers Houses>鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant <Arms And Man>武器与人<The Man Of Destiny>左右命运的人Plays <Man And Superman>人与超人<Pygmalion>匹格玛利翁<The Ap

57、ple Cart>苹果车<Saintn Joan>圣女贞德英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 7Modernists 现代主义作家 3 Novelists James Joyce David Herbert Lawrence Virgirnia Woolf1. David Herbert Lawrence戴维赫伯特劳伦斯18851930 <Sons And Lovers>儿子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is "a

58、woman of character and refinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath her own class.Then, she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons. She hopes that they will become outstanding【Paul Morel】depends