系动词的用法

1、english writing level 1 english writing level 1 mclass requirements:mtotal attention mtake notes mparticipation mhomework : student representative Basics of English WritingBasics of English Writingmsentence structures:m主系表：说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 主语主语是是什么样的什么样的m主谓宾:主语做做什么mtense 时态系动词系动词 l

2、ink verbslink verbsmWas/ were mAm / is /are mWill be mHave /has been mHad been before 实义动词实义动词mDid mDo /does mBe doing mWill do mHave/has done mHad done Specific examples: ？: what can be used as predicatives (表语表语) textbook Ss: samples:typesm分类分类: m状态系动词状态系动词; m持续系动词持续系动词; m表像系动词表像系动词 m感官系动词感官系动词; m

3、变化系动词变化系动词; m终止系动词终止系动词 状态系动词 bem用来表示主语性质或状态，只有用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词一词m He is a teacher. mHe is ill. (表示主语的状态表示主语的状态)m连系动词连系动词 be 后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语： mMy dream is to be a scientist. mAll you have to do is to listen. 表像系动词m用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，主要有这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：mHe lo

4、oks tired. mHe seems (to be) very sad. mShe appears 18. But in fact, she is already 28.持续系动词m用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, continue. 例如：例如： mHe always kept silent at meeting. mThis matter remains a mystery. mIt continued/ remained rainy for days.mHe stoo

5、d quite still, except his lips moved slightly.mThe snow lay thick on the ground.m注意：注意：(1)表示表示“仍然处于原来的状态仍然处于原来的状态”时，时，remain和和stay可可以互换，例如：以互换，例如：mThree of them remained/ stayed single.mShops should remain/ stay open till later in the evening. mThe door stayed/ remained closed.mBut the police themse

6、lves prefer to stay/ remain unarmed. m(2)表示表示“需要设法才能保持某种状态需要设法才能保持某种状态”时，可用时，可用keep和和stay. 后常接的形容词有后常接的形容词有 calm, clean, awake, young, warm, fine等等. 例如：例如：mShe knew she must keep/ stay calm. m Although they have many difficulties, they keep happy. mPaul managed to keep/ stay awake by drinking lots o

7、f strong black coffee. 感官系动词m感官系动词主要有感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look. 例如：例如： mThis kind of cloth feels very soft. mThis flower smells very sweet. mThe music sounds nice.mThe fish tastes good.变化系动词 m这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. mg

8、o和和come 是一对相反的词是一对相反的词. go+ adj.表示令人不愉快的表示令人不愉快的事事; come+ adj.表示好的事情表示好的事情,还可以接前缀还可以接前缀un-的过去分的过去分词作表语，表示变化的情况。词作表语，表示变化的情况。m go blind/ mad/ hungry/ badm come true/ right/ clear/ dear/ unstuck/ untiedmHis dream to be a pilot has come true.mMy shoelaces have come undone.mShe went blind at the age of

9、8.mrun后接后接 short, dry, low, deep等形容词等形容词,主语为流动性的或能消耗主语为流动性的或能消耗掉的东西。掉的东西。mTheir money was running short.mThe well has run dry.m但表语为但表语为wild时时,主语是人主语是人; run wild(放荡不羁）放荡不羁）mDont let the children run wild.m grow常指逐渐的变化常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。表示身高、岁数的增长。mMy little brother has grown much taller in the past y

10、ear. mShe grew thinner and thinner. mSoon the sky grew light.mturn表示表示“变得变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色和天气等通常指颜色和天气等变化。变化。mThe weather suddenly turned much colder. mHer face turned blue with fear.mShe turned teacher after graduation.m get “变成变成,变得变得起来起来”,后可接形容词后可接形容词,分词分词,介词短语介词短语;接不定式接不定式时表示时表示“由

11、不由不变得变得”.mThe days are getting longer and longer.mHe got excited about it.mMy watch gets out of order.m fall接接asleep, silent, quiet等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词，等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词，但不能接形容词的比较级。但不能接形容词的比较级。mWhile I was doing my homework, my little sister fell asleep.mShe fell ill from cold.mThe naughty boy fell silent

12、 suddenly.m fall apart(散开散开) fall flat (没效果没效果)m become “变成变成;变为变为”(好坏均可好坏均可),语气正式语气正式,且不能用于将来且不能用于将来时态时态,强调结果强调结果.表人的身体状况表人的身体状况,情绪情绪,天气和社会变化时可与天气和社会变化时可与get互换使用互换使用.mHe became a lawyer.mI became/ got interested in math.mHe became/ got angry with me.mI hope you will become/ get well.m注意：注意：1. becom

13、e, turn, go, get, fall后面能接名词作表语后面能接名词作表语,其他则不其他则不能能. turn和和go后面的名词不带冠词。后面的名词不带冠词。mHis dream has become/ got a reality.mHe has turned scientist.mShe has gone artist.mHe fell an victim to cancer.m2. 表变化的系动词用于进行时态时，表示逐渐的变化。表变化的系动词用于进行时态时，表示逐渐的变化。mThe days are getting/ becoming longer and longer.mShe is growing to be more and more like her mother.终止系动词m表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达表达“证证实实”