新二Lesson23语法复习

1、 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。 A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 条条大路通罗马。 All roads lead to Rome. 凡事开关难。 All things are difficult before they are easy. 结果好，一切都好。 Alls well that ends well. Grammar复习第12-21课部分语法1. 我们学习了一般将来时、将来进行时、过去完成时、间接引语、条件句、情态动词、动名词等内容。 The Simple Future Tense 一般将来时一般将来时 will 引导的引导的一般将来时一般将来

2、时:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，最基本的结构：最基本的结构：will + 动词原形动词原形 “主谓（宾）句型主谓（宾）句型”的一般将来时：的一般将来时：肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+ will +动词原形动词原形+（宾语）（宾语）+其他其他 I will have many presents.否定句：否定句：在在will 的后面加的后面加not即可。即可。will not 可缩写为可缩写为 wont I wont have many presents.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把will 提到句子主语之前，结尾变问号。提到句子主语之前，结尾变问号。 Will y

3、ou have many presents? Yes , I will. No , I wont.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+will +主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他？其他？ What will you have ? (1)be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语口语，后者常用于书面语和书面语和正式文告正式文告中。 A. Therell (is going to) be an oral contest in our school next month .1.There will be a scarf in the socks.2.Ther

4、e wont be a scarf in the socks.3.Will there be a scarf in the socks? Yes, there will. / No, there wont.“There be”句型的一般将来时句型的一般将来时肯定句：肯定句： There will be +名词名词+其他成份其他成份注意注意：无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，：无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，be都必须用原形。都必须用原形。There will be a scarf in the socks.否定句：否定句：在在will后面加后面加not.There wont be a scarf i

5、n the socks.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把will提到提到there之前。之前。 Will there be a scarf in the socks? Yes, there will. / No, there wont.注意：在口语中，所有人称都可以用will.“主谓（宾）句型主谓（宾）句型”的一般将来时：的一般将来时：肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+ will +动词原形动词原形+（宾语）（宾语）+其他其他 I will have many presents.否定句：否定句：在在will 的后面加的后面加not即可。即可。will not 可缩写为可缩写为 wont I wont ha

6、ve many presents.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把will 提到句子主语之前，结尾变问号。提到句子主语之前，结尾变问号。 Will you have many presents? Yes , I will. No , I wont.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+will +主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他？其他？ What will you have ? “There be”句型的一般将来时句型的一般将来时肯定句：肯定句： There will be +名词名词+其他成份其他成份注意注意：无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，：无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，be都必须用原形

7、。都必须用原形。There will be a scarf in the socks.否定句：否定句：在在will后面加后面加not.There wont be a scarf in the socks.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把will提到提到there之前。之前。 Will there be a scarf in the socks? Yes, there will. / No, there wont.注意：在口语中，所有人称都可以用will. 表示将来时的常见形式表示将来时的常见形式 1. be going to动词原形 2. will / shall动词原形 3. bev. ing结

8、构 4.一般现在时 5. be动词不定式 6. be about动词不定式 1. be going to动词原形结构的用法动词原形结构的用法 eg: A. What are you going to do next Sunday ? B. Shes going to be a teacher . 问题1：will/shall与be going to 表示“预见/意图”能换吗？ (2)“be going to”表示有发生某事的迹象；will则表示说话者认为或相信要发生某事。 eg: A. Its very dark and cold . Its going to snow . B. Im sur

9、e hell be back in an hour . (2)在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时，常用will。例如： A. Will you lend me the book ? B. Will you go there with us ? 3. bev. ing结构的用法 这种结构表示按计划即将按计划即将发生的动作，用进行时形式表示将来的时间，但只适用于表表示位置移动的动词示位置移动的动词。 例如：go , come , leave , start , arrive , move , return 等，并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。 eg. A.Simon

10、 is coming. B. The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow . C. Mr . Ma is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning . 4. 用用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法表示将来的时间的用法 (1)由由“if , when , as soon as , until , till , after , before”等引导的条件或时间状语从句等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，若主句为将来时，从句通常用一般现在中，若主句为将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。

11、时表示将来的时间。 eg. D. If you use your head , youll have a good idea . E. Ill give the book to him as soon as he returns . 5. be动词不定式结构的用法动词不定式结构的用法 这种结构着重指按计划按计划或安排安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。例如： A. We are to meet at the zoo . 我们约定在动物园见面。 B. The football match is not to be played today . 6. be about动词不定式

12、结构的用法动词不定式结构的用法 这种结构表示“最近或马上最近或马上要发生的动作”。 eg： A. The meeting is about to begin . B. Summer harvest is about to start . .hope that you a good time this evening.A. have B. are having C. will have D. has2.Look at those big black clouds. It rain. Lets hurry. A. must B. will C. would D. is going to注意：注意：

13、will与与be going to的区别，的区别，be going to可以表示明可以表示明 显将要发生的情况显将要发生的情况3.There a basketball match this afternoon.A. will have B. will be C. has D. have 4. We to the park if it is fine tomorrow.A. will go B. go C. goes D. to goCDBA1.Students will go to school in the future.(一般疑问句一般疑问句） to school in the futur

14、e?2.There will be some robots in our homes.(改为否定句）改为否定句） There robots in our homes.3.Everyone will have a small car.(对划线部分提问）对划线部分提问） everyone ? Will students go Wont be any What will haveKey S tructures 将来进行时态将来进行时态一、概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作一、概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作, 或按预测将来会发生的事情。或按预测将来会发生的事情。 Shell be coming s

15、oon.I will be studying Japanese in two weeks.二、标志词：二、标志词：soon, tomorrow, by this time, in two days三、结构：三、结构： 主语主语 + shallwill be + v- ing + 其他其他 将来进行时与一般将来时的比较将来进行时与一般将来时的比较 A、 一般将来时表示将来的意图一般将来时表示将来的意图.将来进行时表示未经考虑将来进行时表示未经考虑 将来便要进行的动作：将来便要进行的动作： Ill write to Mr. Green and tell him about the new hous

16、e Ill be writing to Mr. Green and Ill tell him about the new house B、 一般将来时可以表示邀请：一般将来时可以表示邀请： Will you have a cigarette？ 或者发出命令：或者发出命令： You will work in this room 1、明年的这个时候我们将会在旅行。、明年的这个时候我们将会在旅行。2、你离开的时候，她将会照看孩子。、你离开的时候，她将会照看孩子。3、你将会在这逗留多长的时间？、你将会在这逗留多长的时间？4, 今天晚上他就要离开这里。今天晚上他就要离开这里。 We will be tr

17、avelling at this We will be travelling at this time next year.time next year. She will be looking after She will be looking after the children when you leave.the children when you leave. How long will you be staying here?How long will you be staying here? He will be leaving here tonight.He will be l

18、eaving here tonight.Translations明天我将整天写信。明天他将在花园里干活。明天他们将踢球。她将会在机场见他。明天的这个时候你会在做什么?明天的这个时候我会在睡觉。I will be writing letters all day tomorrow.He will be working in the garden tomorrow.They will be playing football tomorrow.She will be meeting him at the airport.What will you be doing this time tomorrow

19、?I will be sleeping this time tomorrow. 过去完成时：过去完成时：一、概念一、概念 -|-|-|- 表示过去的过去表示过去的过去 那时以前那时以前 那时那时(8:00) 现在现在(9:00)过去的过去或两个动作都在过去，一个在前，一个在后，发生在前过去的过去或两个动作都在过去，一个在前，一个在后，发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。的动作要用过去完成时。 二、标志词：二、标志词：before(在在.之前之前), after(在在.之后之后), by(到到时候为止）时候为止）三、过去完成时的构成：三、过去完成时的构成：A 肯定句：肯定句： 主语主语 + had +

20、 v的过去分词的过去分词 + 其他其他B 否定句否定句: 主语主语 + had + not + v的过去分词的过去分词 + 其他其他 I hadnt learnt Japanese before I went to JapanShe went home after she had typted the letter.The children ran away.They broke the window.The children ran away after they had broken the window.直接引语：直接引语： 一字不改地引述别人的话。一字不改地引述别人的话。间接引语：间接

21、引语： 用说话人自己的话转述别人的话。用说话人自己的话转述别人的话。引述动词：引述动词： say、tell(sb. that)、ask、think declare, reply等。等。直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，通常直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，通常由从属连词由从属连词that引导。引导。“Im a good student,” he said.He says that he is a good student.如果如果引述词引述词是是现在时现在时， 变间接引语时变间接引语时时态不变时态不变,为任意时态为任意时态；如果引述词是如果引述词是过去时过去时， 变间接引语时要做相应的变化。变

22、间接引语时要做相应的变化。 直接引语时态直接引语时态 间接引语时态间接引语时态 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时He said that he was a good student.He told me that he was having breakfast. 主从时态一致主从时态一致直接引语变间接引语练习题直接引语变间接引语练习题He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pa

23、y how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. i

24、f I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. DBD ExercisesThe book is interesting. What did she say? She said that the book was interesting. They are joking. What did he tell you? He told me that they were joking.Ive fin

25、ished. What did he tell you? He told me that he had finished.I will leave tomorrow. What did he say? He said that he would leave tomorrow.I can recognize him. What did she tell you? She told me that she could recognize him.I may marry you. What did she say? She said that she might marry me.(宾语从句)是陈述

26、句的间接引语. 一、主从一致主从一致 : 主句和从句的时态一致主句和从句的时态一致 1.主句动词为一般现在时, 从句为任意时态 2.主句动词为一般过去时, 从句为相对应的过去时态 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 将来完成时过去将来完成时 一般过去时过去完成时在下面的句子里填上在下面的句子里填上said 和和told ,并用动词的正确形式填空并用动词的正确形式填空 1 He _ me that she _ (come) tomorrow. 2 The gardener _ that he _ (cut) that tree down yesterday. 3 I

27、 _ you I _ (have) never played tennis before. 4 What _ he _ that he _ (do)? 5 When _ he _ you that he _ (buy) this car? 6 He _ he _ (cannot) understand me. 7 He _ that he _ (work) all day yesterday. 8 He _ me he never _ (write) letters to anybody. 9 Why _ you _ that you _ (be) busy? 10 He _ that he

28、_ (will wait)for me. Grammar情态动词 musthave tohave got to：“必须、不得不” + 动词原型 这3种形式就它们所表达的意义而言, 一般可以互换,而have to这个短语可以与更多的时态连用。注意：have to的过去时：had to他现在必须离开。He must leave now.He has to leave now.He has got to leave now.他现在必须离开吗？Must he leave now？Does he have to leave now？Has he got to leave now？ Grammar hav

29、e用法小结： have可构成完成时，其中have无意义，是【助动词】。现在完成时have + p.p 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成 的影响或结果。 Have you had dinner yet？过去完成时had + p.p 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经 完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 I had had my dinner before I arrived.have或have got【have:“有”，可做实意或助动词】相当于：own、possess. He has a bike. He has got a bike. He owns a bike. He possesses a

30、bike. Has he a bike? have的其他含义： -当“做”讲： have a bath = take a bath 洗澡 -当“吃”、 喝讲： have breakfast 吃早饭 have tea 喝茶-当“患（得）病”讲【可做实意或助动词】： have a fever 发烧 Have you a fever?-当“度过”讲： have a good time 玩得开心-当“收到”讲： have a letter 收到一封信 = receive a letter. the Passive Voice （被动语态）（被动语态）文综之家 http:/ 一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态

31、一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by主动语态主动语态主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改

32、为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语/ 宾语宾语. by them in that factory. 1. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. 2.He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. Be要随着主语变要随着主语变逻辑主语逻辑主语by来引来引文综之家 http:/ 1. They make shoes in that factory. 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them

33、) in that factory.一般现在时被动结构：一般现在时被动结构： am/is /are +过去分词过去分词2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时被动结构：一般过去时被动结构： was/were +过去分词过去分词3. Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时被动结构：现在进行时被动结构： am/is/

34、are + being +PP4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.The famous man was being interviewed by her 过去进行时被动结构：过去进行时被动结构： was/were + being +PP5.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时被动结构：一般将来时被动结构： will+ be +过去分词过去分词6. He said th

35、e workers would build a new school in two weeks.He said a new school would be built in two weeks.过去将来时被动构成：过去将来时被动构成： would + be + pp7.Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词变被动：情态动词变被动：情态动词情态动词 + be+过分过分8.We have made twenty keysTwenty keys have been made by us.现在完

36、成时被动结构：现在完成时被动结构： have/has + been+过去分词过去分词9.We had seen this film before you came here.This film had been seen by us before you came here.过去完成时被动结构：过去完成时被动结构： had +been +PP各种时态的被动情况：各种时态的被动情况：一般现在时：一般现在时： 一般过去时：一般过去时： 现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时： 过去完成时：过去完成时： 一般将来时：一般将来时：过去将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：

37、情态动词变被动：am / is / are donewas / were doneam / is / are being donewas / were being donehave / has been donehad been doneshall / will be donebe going to be donewould/should +be+ done情态动词情态动词+be+ doneExercises:一.选择填空: Windows of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house in 2004. is

38、 built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA4. Watches_ Shanghai. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6.The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used

39、to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces A A DAGrammar二二. .动名词的用法：动名词的用法： 1.1.作主语的用法：作主语的用法：1 1）动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。）动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。2 2）动名词作主语时动名词作主语时，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数。3 3）动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一

40、般采用采用it 做形式主语做形式主语，v-ing 做做真正主语。真正主语。 nE.g. Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。空谈无济于事。 Working with you is a pleasure. Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。 Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.考试作弊毁坏人的性格。考试作弊毁坏人的性格。n注：注：it 做形式主语，做形式主语，v-ing

41、做真正主语的常用句型是：做真正主语的常用句型是：n1)It is no use/no good/ useless/a waste of time.doing sth.nE.g. It is no use crying over spilt milk .覆水难收。nIt is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。nIt is useless talking about it with him. 和他谈这件事是没用的。 Its a waste of time arguing about it.n辩论这事是浪费时间n2) There is no

42、”句式来表示 .nE.g. There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。nThere is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。 nThere is no holding back the wheel of history.n历史车轮不可阻挡。2. 动名词作宾语的用法动名词作宾语的用法 1)有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。 喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)停止，放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk)反对想象莫推延(min

43、e, imagine, delay, put off)要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)建议继续勤*练(suggest, go on, practise)不禁原谅要坚持(cant help, excuse , insist on)继续注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)n2)动名词作介词宾语 n动名词作介词宾语时，通常放在由动词或形容词与介词组成的动词短语或形容词短语后。此类短语有很多。如：nlook forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以自豪）, be responsible for（对负

44、责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对，抗议）, hear of（听说）, preventfrom（防止，阻止）, keepfrom（防止，阻止）, stopfrom（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠，依赖）, thankfor（因而道谢）, excusefor（因而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devoteto（献身于）, set about（着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of

45、（害怕）, be tired of（对厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做）, be interested in（对感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对感到羞愧）等等。 e.g.She sat there without speaking.I look forward to seeing him again.Are you used to living there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help laughing.He was busy preparing his lessons.【考例】【考例】 I cant

46、 imagine _ that with them（MET 1986） A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden（1995上海高考题上海高考题） A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 解析：解析：考查短语动词考查短语动词 look forward to 后跟动名词作宾后跟动名词作宾语的用法。语的用法。 通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词： agree (同意)； offer (提出)

47、； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）。通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。3 既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动

48、词或词组：即“四记”“力争”“不后悔”。四“记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on)”力争指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop与regret。n注意注意：（1）有些动词后面，如forget, remember, stop, try, mean, regret、go on等，既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语，但是意义不一样。forget regret remember to do doing 将要发生的动作将要发生的动作已经发生的动作已经发生的动作go on doing go on to do stop doing sto

49、p to do mean doing mean to do 继续做同一件事情继续做同一件事情继续做另一件事情继续做另一件事情停止做某事停止做某事停下来做另一件事停下来做另一件事意味着做某事意味着做某事打算做某事打算做某事try doing try to do be used to doing be used to do cant help doing cant help to do 试着做某事努力做某事习惯做某事被用来做某事情不自禁做某事不能帮助做某事nHe forgot paying for the book.n他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了)nHe forgot to pay for

50、 the book.n他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱)nStop talking.(停止说话)nI stopped to talk with Tom.（停下正在做停下正在做的事的事开始去说话）【考例】 Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985） A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 解析：解析：stop studying意为意为“停止学习停止学习”。 Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont

51、you remember _ me the story yesterday？（？（1999上海高考题）上海高考题） A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析解析: remember telling me意为意为“记得曾经告诉过我记得曾经告诉过我”。 Lesson 23A new houseNew words and expressions complete v. 完成完成modern adj. 新式的，与以往不同的新式的，与以往不同的strange adj. 奇怪的奇怪的district n. 地区地区New words and expressions complete v. 完成、做完 adj. 完整的、全部的 The work is not completed yet. 这个工作还未完成。 This is a complete story. 这是一个完整的故事。modern adj. 现代的 新式的 modern English 现代英语 modern life 现代生活 modern history 近代史 ancient adj. 古代的 古老的 strange adj. 奇怪的 陌生的 feel/be strange at 对感到陌生 She feels strange at the city. 她对这个