英语中考复习——名词ppt

1、 第一章第一章 名词名词一、中考考查重点一、中考考查重点 可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词 名词的单数与复数名词的单数与复数 名词所有格名词所有格 单位词单位词 名词作定语名词作定语e.g a drop of water名词 专有名词:the Great Wall,Janpanese,America, Beijing University,Tuesday,March,Amy普通名词 可数名词 个体名词： 集体名词： 不可数名词物质名词：抽象名词：1.单数名词：单数名词：an+（形容词）（形容词）+单数单数 注意：注意： *an 用于元音音素前用于元音音素前 *注意后面所跟的词的第一个字

2、母的发音，注意后面所跟的词的第一个字母的发音，是否发音。是否发音。 *注意后面跟的词的第一个字母如是元音字注意后面跟的词的第一个字母如是元音字母母u，所发的音是否，所发的音是否/ju:/,如是，不定冠词就用如是，不定冠词就用a记住特殊：an honest ，an hour , a university student, a UFO,（1） 一般词尾一般词尾 直接加直接加s: cap-caps task-tasks star-stars tree-trees house-houses exercise-exercises student-students（2） 以以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词，在

3、词尾加结尾的词，在词尾加es: bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 但：但：stomach-stomachs （3）以）以f或或fe结尾的词，把结尾的词，把f或或fe改为改为ves: shelf-shelves lifelives knife-knives leaf-leaves wifewives halfhalves wolf-wolves 例外：例外：roof/roofs chief/chiefs2.可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式 (规则变化规则变化)（4) 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变结尾的词，变y为为i+es: s

4、torystories babybabies countrycountries partyparties dictionry-dictionaries例外：例外：daydays boy- boys toy-toys play-plays（5）以）以o结尾的词，有生命力的加结尾的词，有生命力的加es,没有生命力没有生命力的加的加s:( zeros/zeroes 都可以都可以) a. potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes (例外：例外：bamboos) b. radio/radios piano/pianos zoo/zoos photo/photo

5、s不规则变化不规则变化 词本身发生特殊变化：词本身发生特殊变化： 单复同形：单复同形： （1）man 改成改成men: manmen ,womanwomen gentlemangentlemen policemanpolicemen gentleman-gentlemen(绅士）绅士） (2) oo改成改成ee: footfeet ， toothteeth goosegeese (3) 其它：其它：mousemice ，child childrensheep sheep deer deer ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanesefish-fish3. 表示表示“某国人某

6、国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况的名词，其变化有三种情况 单复数相同单复数相同：a Japanese - five Japanese a Chinese -two Chinese 将将man变为变为men: a Frenchman - two Frenchmen ( Englishman-Englishmen Englishwoman -Englishwomen ) 以以an结尾的名词，在后面结尾的名词，在后面+s: a German - five Germans ( Russian-Russians American-Americans Indian-Indians Italian -Ital

7、ians Korean-Koreans AustralianAustralians Canadian-Canadians) 4. 常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词trousers glasses shorts pantssocksclothes thanks5. 复合名词的复数形式复合名词的复数形式a. 将主体名词变为复数将主体名词变为复数a boy studentboy students 男学生男学生 a flower shopflower shops 花店花店 a dining room dining rooms 餐室餐室an apple tree-apple trees 苹果

8、树苹果树girl student-girl students 女学生女学生twin sister-twin sisters 双胞姐妹双胞姐妹twin brother-twin brothers 双胞兄弟双胞兄弟stone bridge-stone bridges 石头桥石头桥b. 当名词的第一个构成部分为当名词的第一个构成部分为man或或 woman时，将时，将2个构成部分均变为复数个构成部分均变为复数a woman teacher - two women teachers a man nurse -two men nursesa man teacher-many men teachersa

9、woman doctor-three women doctors可数名词和不可数名词的共同特点既可做可数名词，又做不可数名词的：既可做可数名词，又做不可数名词的：可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词 a paper paper 纸a glass glass 玻璃 an iron iron 铁 a room room 空间 a chicken chicken 鸡肉 a beauty beauty 美 a youth youth 青春a fish fish 鱼肉一张报纸一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个熨斗一个房间一个房间一只小鸡一只小鸡一个美人一个美人一个青年一个青年一条鱼一条鱼主谓一致

10、主谓一致 当当class, family, team, group, public class, family, team, group, public 等集体名等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ film fans. is are2. news, maths, politics 2. news, maths, politi

11、cs 表示单数意义，表示单数意义，动词用单数。动词用单数。e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him. is3. 3. 像像goodgoods s, compass, compasseses, chopstick, chopsticks s, shoe, shoes s, glasses, glasses, trouser trousers s, saving, savings s,belong,belongs s ，shortshorts s,pant,pants s,stock,stocks s, , scisso

12、r scissors s 等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.g The shoes hers. The savings _ for your future use. are请辨析请辨析: A pair of glasses _ on the table. Two pairs of glasses _ on the table. is areare4. police, people(4. police, people(人们人们), youth(), youth(青年们青年们) ) 只只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数

13、。e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace. love但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分 e.g He is a youth of 20. Many English-speaking peoples _ this book. like5. 5. 像像deerdeer、sheepsheep等单复同形的词，动词等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定单复根据具体情况定e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of

14、 deer _ over there in the field. areare6. The poet and musician _ present at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the butter _ ready. was has are8. Both 8. Both and and 的谓语动词用复数形式。的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. Both he and his father _ there. were7. 7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构：采取就近一致原则的句型结构：There be

15、 e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk. not onlybut also e.g Not only you but also he _ right. eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor e.g Neither she nor I _ right. is is am am e.g Five minutes _ enough to do this. Ten miles journey _ tiring for us. A boats length _ as long as the

16、bed. Two pounds weight _OK. is is 表示时间、距离表示时间、距离 、金额、度量等的数名词，看、金额、度量等的数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。作整体，动词用单数。 e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay. is is is is The old man（together) with his two sons _ left for America . Miss Wang as well as his friends _ waiting there . Most o

17、f the students in our class except Li Lei _ sports every week. has is11. 11. 注注: : 由由 as well as, together with, with, as well as, together with, with, besides, but, exceptbesides, but, except 等词连接两个名词做主语时，等词连接两个名词做主语时，动词形式根据这些词前面的名词的单复数来定。动词形式根据这些词前面的名词的单复数来定。 play 12. part of / most of / some of /

18、12. part of / most of / some of / half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/ half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/ a lot of / plenty of a lot of / plenty of 后接名词做主语时，动词的单复数根据后接名词做主语时，动词的单复数根据ofof后的后的名词名词决定，如是可数名词谓语就用复数，如果是不可数决定，如是可数名词谓语就用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语用单数名词，谓语用单数。但但one of +one of +可数名词做主语，谓语总用单数。可数

19、名词做主语，谓语总用单数。 e.g Half of his money _ gone . Half of his books _ new. All of the food _ missing. All of her friends _ very honest. One of my friends_ English. is are is are speaks 13. 13. 不可数名词做主语谓语用单数。不可数名词做主语谓语用单数。 e.g A lot of water is flowing the river . Some meat was bought from the store. A pi

20、ece of meat was found on the table. A bottle of mile is in her hands. are are 注意：但当不可数名词前的数量词是可数名词注意：但当不可数名词前的数量词是可数名词的复数时候，谓语要用复数。的复数时候，谓语要用复数。如：如：Two baskets of meat under the table .Two baskets of meat under the table .Three bottles of milk in my cupboard.Three bottles of milk in my cupboard.【例例1

21、】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.2011，天津，天津 A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers 典型例题解析典型例题解析【例例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car, because there are already five people.2011，山西，山西 A.land B.ground C.room D.floor BC 【例例3】 These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they dec

22、ide to catch_now.2011，天津，天津 A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many【例例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? 2011，广东，广东 A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs【例例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river. 2011，长沙，长沙 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs AB C 7.Several _ are talking

23、 under the treeAnd they are_. （2011重庆）重庆） A. woman;children B. woman;child C. women;children 8.How far is your school from here? Not very farIts about twenty _ walk.（2011杭州）杭州） A. minutes B. minutes C. minutesCC9. There are three _ in my family. (2011长春）长春） A.people B. person C. child10. Most studen

24、ts can go to college for further _ in our city. A. education B. information C.science AA11. This is _ bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. （2011安徽）安徽） A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C. Anns and Janes B1.The rich_not always happy.（2011上海） A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted

25、red.（2011宿迁）宿迁） A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_.（2011湘潭）湘潭） A.home B.family C.house D.country5.Mother br

26、ought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news 课时训练课时训练AADAB6.March 8th is _Day.（2011宁波宁波) A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people.(2011金华）金华） A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few8.There are three_in our class.（201

27、1宜宾）宜宾） A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss9.Its about ten_walk.（2011眉山）眉山） A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes10.This room is_.（2011荆州）荆州） A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and Davids D.Bill and David 课时训练课时训练(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A.city B.citie

28、s C.citys D.the cities12.Would you like_?（2011盐城）盐城） A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat13.What can I do for you, sir? （2011怀化）怀化） Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks14.Toms car is more beautiful than_. A.his brothers a

29、nd sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brothers and sisters15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_.（2011沈阳）沈阳） A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurses 课时训练课时训练BACD D16.The market isnt far from here. Its only _bicycle ride. A.half an hours B.half an hours C.half an hour D.an hour

30、and a half17.-help yourself to _.（2011滨州）滨州） -Thank s. Mumit tastes good. A.some chickens B.a chicken C.some chicken D.any chicken18.What _do you like best?（2011本溪）本溪） I like football. A.food B.subject C.sport D.music19.-Whose room are these?-they are our_. A.teachers room B.teachers room C.teachers

31、 rooms D.rooms of teachers20.Thats _（2009十堰）十堰） A.a red shirt of Mary B.a red shirt of Marys C.Marys a red shirt D.Marys the red shirt 课时训练课时训练BCCc B根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on _. (foot)3. I know one of the_. (boy)4. Mr. Brown

32、is wearing a pair of_. (glass)5. Please give them their _. (photo)ideasfootboysglassesphotosNOUN.6. Are there any _ in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve _ in a year. (month)8. Would you like some_? (tomato)9. Look at those _ in the boats! (people)10. Look! The _are singing. (woman)watchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomen11. September 10th is _Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some _ . (knife)13. How much are these _ ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty_