自考国际商务英语lesson1

1、Lesson 1International BusinessQuestions 1.What does international trade refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.2. What are the major types of international business? Please illustrate them in details.Business KnowledgeThe major differences between i

2、nternational business and domestic business Differences in legal systems Differences in currencies Differences in cultural background Different in natural and economic conditionsThe major types of international business A. Trade Commodity trade Service trade B. Investment Foreign direct investment P

3、ortfolio investment C. Other types Licensing and franchising Management contract and contract manufacturing Turnkey project and BOTRelated wordsTransaction 交易Resale 转售Customs area关税区customs 海关 Customs 海关部门Customs duty /duties 关税Tariff 关税Non-tariff barrier Conversion货币兑换Budget 预算Return 收益Expertise 专门

4、知识Visible trade有形贸易有形贸易: It takes the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. Invisible trade无形贸易无形贸易: It refers to a kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, cons

5、ulting, information, etc. gradually became more and more important. Two kinds of international tradeInternational investment.FDI外国直接投资外国直接投资: Foreign direct investment or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. (host country 东道国VS.

6、home country投资国)Portfolio investment 证券投资证券投资：It refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling, such financial assets may be stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit. Portfolio investment Stocks : 股票 Bonds: 债券 Certificates of deposit: 大额存单 Bonus: 红利 Maturity: （票据

7、等的）到期日，到期Other types of international business Licensing 许可经营： In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. In this way, firms do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of loyalty. (license 许

8、可证； licensor: 给予许可的人；licensee: 接受许可的人) Franchising 特许经营： It can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, the franchiser is allowed to operate in the name of the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. Franchi

9、sing Franchiser: (特许授予方)A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. Franchisee: （特许使用方）A firm which is allowed to operate in the name of the franchiser. Other forms Management contract 管理合同: Under a management contract, one company of

10、fers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonuses based on profitability or sales growth are also specialized in it. Other forms Management manufacturing(承包生产): By management manuf

11、acturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e.g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Other forms Turnkey project(交钥匙工程)： For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and

12、undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Other forms BOT: It is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O stands for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a

13、 period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period of time is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Trademarks 商标 Patent 专利 Royalty 专利使用费 版税 Copyright 版权 Logo 标记 标志 Intellectual proper