操作与配置Cisco IOS设备4

1、第四章操作与配置Cisco IOS设备本章目标通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容:开启交换机和路由器并观察其启动过程注意交换机的出厂初始配置情况，完成路由器的初始参数配置在网络设备上进入并辨识不同的命令模式本章目标(续)在不同的用户界面下应用各种帮助和命令行编辑功能查看并确认并于各网络设备的基本信息 Cisco IOS 软件提供多种网络服务进而支持各种网络应用.Cisco 互连网操作系统(IOS)软件网络设备的配置基于以下各方面来配置设备: 所需功能的网络策略 与协议关联的地址和相关参数 管理方面的需要 交换机将出厂缺省设置作为初始配置如果路由器中没有配置文件，会提示进入初始化设置过程 硬件自

2、检定位并加载Cisco IOS映象文件定位并运行配置文件Cisco设备的简单启动过程可以通过多种途径来配置配置直接在设备的内存中生效控制端口Aux 端口端口PC or Unix服务器Web 或网络管理服务器 虚拟终端多种途径的配置TelnetTFTP提供命令行界面在不同的网络设备上运行时有差别 在命令模式下可以键入或粘贴命令 键入命令后回车，设备即解析和执行所键入的命令两个主要命令模式是用户模式和特权模式不同的命令模式有不同的提示符CiscoIOSCisco IOS用户界面的基本特性用户模式对交换机和路由器的有限操作命令提示符为 主机名主要有两个命令模式提供命令键入.模式一:Cisco IOS

3、的主要命令模式特权(或enabled)模式对交换机和路由器更深入的操作有配置和监视权力是进入其它配置模式的前提命令提示符为 主机名#模式二 (也是最常用的模式):Cisco IOS的主要命令模式(续)系统启动例程会初始化交换机初始启动利用缺省配置参数1. 启动前确认正确连接线缆和控制线2. 接入电源3. 观察启动顺序面板上的指示灯LEDsCisco IOS输出到控制台上的内容交换机的初始启动检查交换机指示灯(LEDs)交换机自检期间的端口指示灯 1. 启动时，所有端口指示灯变绿.2. 每个端口自检完毕，对应的指示灯熄灭.3. 如果端口自检失败, 对应指示灯呈黄色.4. 如果有任何自检失败情况，

4、系统指示灯呈现黄色.5. 如果没有自检失败, 自检过程完成.6. 随着自检过程的完成, 指示灯闪亮后熄灭.交换机初次启动时的显示信息控制台连接Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0PCA Number: 73-3121-01PCA Serial Number: FAA0252A0QXModel Number: WS-C19

5、24-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0304S0U3Power Supply S/N: PHI025101F3-1 user(s) now active on Management Console. User Interface Menu M Menus K Command Line I IP ConfigurationEnter Selection: 控制台登入交换机并键入特权模式密码 enableEnter password:# disable quit用户模式提示特权模式提示上下文关联帮助错误信息提示指出所输入交换机命令的错误所在，以便于修改或纠正.可以重新调出一

6、个较长或较复杂的命令或其它内容，用来再次运行、查看或修改. 之前命令保存区交换机命令行帮助机制提供命令清单和与特定命令相关联的参数. Switch#show interfacesSwitch#show version显示交换机初始启动的状态Switch#show running-config显示交换机的各种运行状态wg_sw_c#show versionCisco Catalyst 1900/2820 Enterprise Edition SoftwareCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998wg_sw_c uptime is 15day(s)

7、21hour(s) 53minute(s) 11second(s) cisco Catalyst 1900 (486sxl) processor with 2048K/1024K bytes of memoryHardware board revision is 5Upgrade Status: No upgrade currently in progress. Config File Status: No configuration upload/download is in progress 27 Fixed Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)Base Eth

8、ernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0交换机之show version 命令wg_sw_c#show runBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!hostname wg_sw_c!interface Ethernet 0/1interface Ethernet 0/24!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0/27交换机之show running-configuration 命令wg_sw_c#show

9、 runBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!hostname wg_sw_c!interface Ethernet 0/1interface Ethernet 0/12!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0/27Catalyst 1924Catalyst 1912wg_sw_c#show interfaces ethernet 0/1Ethernet 0/1 is Enabled Hardware is Built-in 1

10、0Base-TMTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbits802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1Port monitoring: DisabledUnknown unicast flooding: Enabled Unregistered multicast flooding: Enabled Description: Duplex setting: Half duplex Back pressure: Disabled-More-交换机之show interfaces命令wg_sw_a#show ip Manag

11、ement VLAN: 1Domain name: HTTP server : EnabledHTTP port : 80RIP : Enabledwg_sw_a#查看交换机的IP地址配置模式:全局配置模式 wg_sw_a# conf termwg_sw_a(config)#端口配置模式wg_sw_a(config)# interface e0/1wg_sw_a(config-if)#配置交换机配置交换机的各种标识为交换机设置本地标识交换机名(config)#hostname wg_sw_cwg_sw_c(config)#wg_sw_a(config)# ip address ip addre

12、ss mask配置交换机IP地址系统启动例程会初始化路由器如果需要，路由器可以有选择性地回退启动Check hardwareFind and load Cisco IOSsoftware image Find and apply routerconfiguration information Load Bootstrap1.启动前确认正确连接线缆和控制线2.按下电源开关3.观察启动顺序 Cisco IOS输出到控制台上的内容Cisco路由器的初始启动路由器加电/启动顺序1、从ROM中装载一个POST程式，进行自检2、从ROM中装载启动引导程式3、启动引导程式从FLASH中寻找IOS并运行4、从

13、NVRAM中寻找启动配置文件并装载5、启动完成路由器内部组件RAM配置寄存器ROMFlashNVRAM端口ROM 功能ROM存放完成基本功能的微代码BootstrapMini IOSROMmonitorPOSTshow version控制台寻找IOS映象文件Flashshowversionshow startup-configIOS搜索顺序:1. 检查配置寄存器 2. 解析NVRAM中的配置文件3. 缺省是使用Flash中的第一个文件4. 尝试从网络启动5. RXBOOT6. ROMMON控制台配置寄存器NVRAM路由器启动流程图Use IOS fromFlashAttempt to getI

14、OS from networkUse IOS in ROM(RXBoot mode)Check start-upconfigBoot field =00 x0Boot field =10 x1Boot systemcommands?Config regbit 13=1? 5 failures?Valid IOS inFlash?Do whatthey sayRunROM MonitorSTARTYesYesNoNoYesNoNoYesYesNoNoYesSuccess?NoYesUse file fromNetworkLoad IOSValid config?Config regbit 6=1

15、?YesNoYes SETUPDIALOG NORMAL START UPCOMPLETENo确认当前的配置寄存器值wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base

16、: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin-More-Configuration re

17、gister is 0 x2102用命令show version所显示的配置寄存器值设定配置寄存器的值配置寄存器的3, 2, 1和0位是启动选项位Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload设定配置寄存器的值配置寄存器的3, 2, 1和0位是启动选项位配置寄存器启动选项部分的值0 x0含义进入ROM monitor模式(人工启动时用 b 命令)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl

18、-ZRouter#reload设定配置寄存器的值配置寄存器的3, 2, 1和0位是启动选项位配置寄存器启动选项部分的值0 x00 x1含义进入ROM monitor模式(人工启动时用 b 命令)自动从ROM启动(提供完整IOS的一个子集)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload配置寄存器的3, 2, 1和0位是启动选项位用命令show version来检查配置寄存器的值设定配置寄存器的值配置寄存器启动选项部分的值0 x00 x2 to 0 xF0 x1含义进入ROM mo

19、nitor模式(人工启动时用 b 命令)检查NVRAM之 boot system 命令(如果路由器配有Flash则缺省值为 0 x2)自动从ROM启动(提供完整IOS的一个子集)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload从Flash加载IOS映象文件FlashIOSIOSshow flashFlash中的映象文件解压缩到RAM中控制台RAM使用 show flash 命令wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory:File Length

20、Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) 加载配置文件控制台IOSSetup utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config从NVRAM中加载并运行配置文件如果NVRAM中没有配置文件, 进入setup模式ConfigConfigRAMNVRAM配置参数的来源ConfigConfigRAMN

21、VRAMNVRAMcopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)配置参数的来源ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalcopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)config term(合并)ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP 服务器copy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTP服务器copy start tftpcopy tftp startcopy run tftpcop

22、y tftp run (合并)config term(合并)配置参数的来源配置参数的来源ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP server删除启动配置文件copy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTP服务器Blank000000000000erasestartconfig term(合并)copy tftp run (合并)copy tftp startcopy start tftpcopy run tftp使用copy run tftp 和 copy tftp run 命令wg_ro_a#

23、copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host ? Destination filename running-config? wgroa.cfg .!1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host ? Source filename ? wgroa.cfg Destination filename running-config? Loading wgroa

24、.cfg from (via Ethernet0): !OK - 1684/3072 bytes1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)Cisco文件系统与设备RAMNVRAMTFTP服务器Flashflash:system:nvram:tftp:管理IOS映象文件网络服务器FLASH路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin网络服务器映象文件备份的准备确认可以访问到网络服务路由器网络服务器映象文件备份的准备确认可以访问到网络服务确认服务器上有足够的空间路由器网络服务器映象文件备份的准备确认可以访问到网络服务确认服务器上有足够的空间确认

25、文件名路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin网络服务器映象文件备份的准备路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin网络服务器确认可以访问到网络服务确认服务器上有足够的空间确认文件名需要时在服务器上创建文件wg_ro_a#show flashSystem flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System fl

26、ash (Read ONLY)确认存贮空间并解析文件名确认Flash中有足够空间来存放IOS映象文件wg_ro_a#copy flash tftpSource filename ? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host ? Destination filename c2500-js-l_120-3.bin? !10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#作映象文件的备份在升级IOS前备份当前的映象文件网络服务器FLASHcopy flash tftp

27、wg_ro_a#copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host ? Source filename ? c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestination filename c2500-js-l_120-3.bin? Accessing tftp:/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin.Erase flash: before copying? confirmErasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? confirmErasing device. eeeee

28、 (output omitted) .erasedErase of flash: completeLoading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from (via Ethernet0): !(output omitted)OK - 10084696/20168704 bytesVerifying checksum. OK (0 x9AA0)10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#从网络升级IOS加载新的映象文件前对Flash作适当的文件删除注意关于映象文件已经存在的提示信息网络服务器FLASH使用

29、 show running 和 show startup 命令wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-config!- More -存在NVRAM中存在RAM中显示当前运行的和保存的配置情况没有配置文件与有配置文件的路由器启动对比- System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no:yes At any point you may enter a question mar

30、k ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Setup模式wg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用户模式提示wg_ro_c路由器启动时在控制台上的输出内容控制台Setup: 初始配置对话框 Router#setup - System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog?

31、yes/no: yAt any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask youto configure each interfac

32、e on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup? yes/no: n预先浏览端口配置情况First, would you like to see the current interface summary? yes:Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolBRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down downB

33、RI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down downEthernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downSerial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down自检过程中所找到的端口设置全局参数初始化全局参数Configuring global parameters: Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a password used to protect a

34、ccess to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable pass

35、word: sanfran The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? no:设置全局参数(续)初始化协议配置 Configure LAT? yes: n Configure AppleTalk? no: Configure DECnet? no: Configure IP? yes: Config

36、ure IGRP routing? yes: n Configure RIP routing? no: Configure CLNS? no: Configure IPX? no: Configure Vines? no: Configure XNS? no: Configure Apollo? no:设置端口参数BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : 0 none.Only if you dont want to configure BRI. 1 basic-1tr6.1TR

37、6 switch type for Germany 2 basic-5ess.AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada 3 basic-dms100.Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada 4 basic-net3.NET3 switch type for UK and Europe 5 basic-ni.National ISDN switch type 6 basic-ts013.TS013 switch type for Australia 7 ntt.NTT switch type for Japan

38、8 vn3.VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type 2:Configuring interface parameters:Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? no:Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? no: y Configure IP on this interface? no: y IP address for this interface: Subnet mask fo

39、r this interface : Class A network is , 24 subnet bits; mask is /24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? no:设置脚本的确认与应用The following configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip

40、routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5essinterface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownno mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.1 Return b

41、ack to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configuration to nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2:Consolewg_ro_cwg_ro_cenablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_cwg_ro_clogoutwg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用户模式提示特权模式提示登入路由器 只要所输命令串在全部命令中是唯一的，可以将一个命令尽可能地简写，路由器在用户模式下的命令

42、清单wg_ro_c?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing n

43、etwork connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC- More -wg_ro_c#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Ac

44、cess-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connec

45、tion copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also undebug) delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit fro

46、m the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system- More -路由器在特权模式下的命令清单只要输入部分命令串(唯一表示某个命令)，紧接着按tab键就可以完整地输入一个命令路由器命令行帮助机制上下文关联帮助错误信息提示指出所输入交换机命令的错误所在，以便于修改或纠正.可以重新调出一个较长或较复杂的命令或其它内容，用来再次运行、查看或修改. 之前命令保存区提供命令清单和与特定命令相关联的参数. 路由器的上下文相关联帮助Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or compute

47、r name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# cl?clear clockRouter# clock% Incomplete command.Router# clock ?set Set the time and dateRouter# clock set% Incomplete command.Router# clock set ?hh:mm:ss Current Time 符号解析命令提示调出最近用过的内容路由器的上下文相关联帮助(续)Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or co

48、mputer name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# clear clockRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# set Set the time and dateRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# hh:mm:ss Current TimeRouter# clock set 19:56:00% Incomplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 ? Day of the monthMONTH Month of the yea

49、rRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 8 % Invalid input detected at the markerRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 August% Incomplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ? Year命令提示语法检查命令提示RouterShape the future of internetworking by creating unpreced使用增强的编辑命令“Shape the future of internetworking by creati

50、ng unprecedented value for customers, employees, and partners.”上述文字段在输入时会超出一行Router$ future of internetworking by creating unprecedented op使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).RouterShape the value of internetworking by creating unpreced使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.Router$ value for customers, employees,

51、and partners.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词.下移一个字符.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.使用增强的编辑命

52、令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词下移一个字符.回移一个字符.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.使用增强的编辑命令(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词下移一个字符.回移一个字符.下移一个单词Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.(一行中长字串会自动滚卷).光标移动到命令行的开始位置.光标移动到命令行的结束位置.回移一个单词下移一个字符

53、.回移一个字符.下移一个单词使用增强的编辑命令删除当前字符Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.Ctrl-P or Up arrow调出最近(前一)使用过的命令Ctrl-N or Down arrow调出更近使用过的命令Router show history显示命令保存区内容Router terminal history size lines 设置命令保存区大小回览之前用过的命令show version 命令wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Soft

54、ware IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Softw

55、are (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102查看配置情况控制台IOSSetup utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config将配置参数保存到NVRAM中ConfigConfi

56、gRAMNVRAMshow running 和 show startup 命令wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-config!- More -保存在NVRAM中保存在RAM中显示当前运行的和保存的配置情况路由器模式一览Router(config)#RouterenableRouter#config termExitCtrl-Z (end)用户模式特权模式全局配置模式配置模式模式提示InterfaceRouter(config-if)#Subinterface

57、 Router(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#LineRouter(config-line)#RouterRouter(config-router)#IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#保存配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#将当前运行的配置复制到NVRAM中配置路由器的各种标识为路由器或

58、其端口设置标识或信息路由器名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#开机时的固定显示信息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #配置路由器的各种标识为路由器或其端口设置标识或信息路由器名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#开机时的固定显示信息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # A

59、ccounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #端口描述wg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控制台密码虚拟终端密码Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose路由器密码配置Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控制台密码虚拟终端密码Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose特权模式明文密码Router(config)#enable passw