高考英语二轮复习：动词不定式作定语和结果状语讲义

1、动词不定式作定语1、动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面。2、动词不定式作定语的用法(1)动词不定式作定语通常表示将来的动作。>All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.明天出席开幕式的所有老师应该穿制服。>The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely bring in many International tourists.2022年要举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。真题链接I was watch

2、ing the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train_(catch).We are invited to a party_ (hold) in our club next Friday.(2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/ the next/the only等后常用动词不定式作定语。>He is always the first(person) to come and the last(person) to leave.> You are the only person to be late for such an

3、important meeting.在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一迟到的人。>It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job。人们认为他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 真题链接 By boat is the only way _( get)here, which is how we arrived.(3) 抽象名词ability,chance,opportunity,belief,way,right,courage,decision,hope,wish,plan,dream,attempt,effort,promise等后常用动词不定

4、式作定语。>Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。真题链接Picking up her" Lifetime Achievement"award, proud Irene declared she had no plan _ (retire )from her 36-year-old business。 You may have chances _(meet) new people who'll beco

5、me your lifelong friend。The ability_(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.特别提醒1、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，则不定式后面要加上相应的介词。但当动词不定式修饰的名词是time， place或way时，不定式中的介词一般可以省去。>Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀。>She bought a bookshelf to put her boo

6、ks on.她买了一个书架放书。>He had money and no place to live.2、 当动词不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式， 但其含义有所不同。 >Do you have anything to send? 你有要寄的东西吗?（“寄东西”的执行者是“你”） >Do you have anything to be sent? 你有需要我(或别人)去寄的东西吗?（动作的执行者是问话者或其他人）>There is nothing to do.无事可做。>There is nothing to be

7、done.无计可施。动词不定式作结果状语1、动词不定式作结果状语的用法(1)动词不定式作结果状语时，常在动词不定式前面加上only，构成" only to do”结构，用以引出出乎意料的或不愉快的结果，表示说话人并不希望它发生。>Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。>The tourist looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree. 那名游客猛然抬头一看

8、，发现树上有一只豹子。(2) 动词不定式作结果状语时，还用于一些特定的句型结构中：tooto do 太而不能做某事so/ suchas to do 如此以至于做某事enough to do 足够做某事never to do 再也不做某事>The meeting room is too small to hold fifty people.这间会议室太小了，装不下50人。>She is so proud as to look down upon others.她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人。>We are not old enough to vote and to be voted

9、.我们太小，还不能选举和被选举。>He left his hometown when he was ten，never to return.他十岁的时候离开家，再也没有回来。2、使用动词不定式作结果状语的特殊情况(1)在某些情况下，动词不定式可以直接在句中作结果状语。> Where have you been to be so delighted? 你去了哪儿，竟如此高兴?>He did excellent work to be general manager of the famous company.他工作非常出色，后来成为这家著名公司的总经理。>He lived

10、to be a hundred years old. 他活到了一百岁。(2)在某些表示对人进行表扬或批评的形容词后常接不定式表示结果。此类形容词有right, polite, crazy, generous,good,kind,nice等。>He was generous to lend us a large amount of money.他为人慷慨，借给了我们一大笔钱。>She was very kind to show us the way. 她非常友好，给我们指了路。真题链接George returned after the war,only_(tell) that his wife had left him.Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only_(find)it didn't fit."It