kublakhan英国文学柯勒律治

1、Samuel Taylor Coleridge A great poet of imagination: Kubla Khan A critic of the Romanticism Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in Devon in 1772. He later attended Cambridge but left without completing his studies. During the shockwaves of French Revolution through Europe, Coleridge made a name for him

2、self both as a political radical and as an important young poet; along with his friends Robert Southey and William Wordsworth (Lake Poets), he became one of the most important writers in England. Collaborating with Wordsworth on the revolutionary Lyrical Ballads of 1798, Coleridge helped to inaugura

3、te the Romantic era in England by underlying the principles in Lyrical Ballads . 1 Privileging natural speech over poetic ornament. 2 simply stated themes over elaborate symbolism. 3 emotion over abstract thought, and the experience of natural beauty over urban sophistication. The book paved the way

4、 for two generations of poets, and stands as one of the milestones of European literature. Coleridge was responsible for attempting to present the supernatural as real whereas his friend William Wordsworth would try to render ordinary reality as remarkable, strange. Poems such as The Rime of the Anc

5、ient Mariner and Kubla Khan demonstrate Coleridges talent for concocting bizarre, unsettling stories full of fantastic imagery and magic. Coleridge often privileges weird tales and bizarre imagery over the commonplace, rustic simplicities Wordsworth advocates Coleridge became an opium addict (it is

6、thought that “Kubla Khan” originated from an opium dream) and, in 1816, moved in with the surgeon James Gillman in order to preserve his health. During the years he lived with Gillman, Coleridge composed many of his important non-fiction works, including the highly regarded Biographia Literaria.() C

7、oleridges style in poetry Coleridges poems often favor musical effects over the plainness of common speech. The intentional archaisms of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and the hypnotic drone of Kubla Khan do not imitate common speech, creating instead a more strikingly stylized effect. The 13th-cen

8、tury founder of the Yuan dynasty in China, Kublai Khan ruled over a lavishly luxurious court known to Europeans main through the descriptions of the Italian merchant and traveler Marco Polo. Kubla Khan It opens with an enigmatic but precise description of an emperors pleasure dome located in an ench

9、anted, savage spot where a woman cries for her demon lover and the sacred river is flung up violently, then meanders before plunging through caverns into a sunless sea. In trying to interpret this symbolic site we can begin by seeing the dome as a human creation (art) built in and over natures beaut

10、y and power. Note that in the last part of the poem the newly introduced I has a vision in which, inspired by a singing woman, he would imaginatively recreate in air the Khans dome. In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree:Where Alph, the sacred river, ranThrough caverns measureless t

11、o manDown to a sunless sea. Alph: magical river in western Greece. Decree: imperial order So twice five miles of fertile groundWith walls and towers were girdled round:And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;And here were forests ancient as the

12、hills,Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. girdled: enclosed sinuous rills: winding streams. 忽必烈在周围三十余里的肥沃土地上建造他豪华的园林，园中有古老的树木，芬芳浓郁，绿荫透射出点点阳光。 But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slantedDown the green hill athwart a cedarn cover! A savage place! as holy and enchantedAs eer beneath a waning moon was

13、 hauntedBy woman wailing for her demon-lover! opening caves in ground Slope wild passing through a wood of cedar trees. 此段诗人又驰骋其怪诞奔放的想象力，想到月光下的女郎为她无情的魔鬼爱人而悲泣。 And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,A mighty fountain momently (5) was f

14、orced:Amid whose swift half-intermitted burstHuge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,Or chaffy grain beneath the threshers flail: boiling the water is bursting now and then Half-interrupted 20-23行描写急流有时受到乱石阻遏，流势稍缓，但忽然有浪涛汹涌，有如猛烈的冰雹，或打谷时的谷壳飞扬。 And mid these dancing rocks at once and everIt flung u

15、p momently the sacred river.Five miles meandering with a mazy motionThrough wood and dale the sacred river ran,Then reached the caverns measureless to man,And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:And mid this tumult Kubla heard from farAncestral voices prophesying war! 又想到圣河河水的奔腾，穿过地下洞穴流入地下无声的大海，而在这呼啸

16、的流水声中，诗人又让忽必烈汗听到列祖列宗预告战争将要爆发的声音。 The shadow of the dome of pleasureFloated midway on the waves;Where was heard the mingled measureFrom the fountain and the caves.It was a miracle of rare device,A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice! Reflection rhyme 诗人想象豪华的宫殿在浪涛中浮现出倒影，他仿佛听到喷泉和洞穴发出的共鸣声交织在一起。 A dams

17、el with a dulcimer (6)In a vision once I saw:It was an Abyssinian (7) maid,And on her dulcimer she played,Singing of Mount Abora.Could I revive within meHer symphony and song,To such a deep delight twould win me,That with music loud and long, (6) String instrument struck with two light hammers, used

18、 both in China and in Europe, in different forms. (7) Abyssinia is the northeastern African country now known as Ethiopia. 诗人在梦中看到一位阿比西尼亚姑娘边弹洋琴边唱歌；动人的音乐激起使人想用美妙的歌声和音乐在空中建造一座宫殿式的建筑物。 I would build that dome in air,That sunny dome! those caves of ice!And all who heard should see them there,And all sho

19、uld cry, Beware! Beware!His flashing eyes, his floating hair!Weave a circle round him thrice, (8)And close your eyes with holy dread,For he on honey-dew hath fed,And drunk the milk of Paradise. (8) A protective ritual. 诗人表示凡是听过这种音乐，见过这座“空中乐园”的人都不能不异口同声地对诗人的形象表示钦佩。诗人的周围仿佛环绕着一道灵光，因为在柯勒律治看来，诗人几乎不是食人间烟火的人，他吃的是蜜露，饮的是天国的乳汁，故能“超凡入圣。”The speaker insists that if he could only revive within him her symphony and song, he would recreate t