IntroducingPatterns(oranynewidea)intoOrganizations

1、Introducing Patterns (or any new idea) into Organizations Linda RisingMary Lynn MannsAlan OCallaghan We dont do lectures instead, we engage people in interactive experiences that transform rather than simply inform.- paraphrased from Industrial Logic1Patterns: the beginningTutorial at OOPSLA 1994GoF

2、 BookStill selling wellThe first of many patterns books2What is a pattern?Each pattern describes a problem that occurs over and over again in our environment and then describes the core of the solution to that problem in such a way that you can use this solution a million times over without ever doi

3、ng it the same way twice.Alexander, A Pattern Language, 19773The Quality Without a NameThere is a central quality which is the root criterion of life and spirit in all things. This quality is objective and precise, but it cannot be named. The search which we make for this quality, in our own lives,

4、is the central search of any person. It is the search for those moments and situations when we are most alive.Alexander, A Timeless Way of Building, 19794Patterns - some definitionsA solution to a recurring problem in a context.Patterns are not theoretical constructs but based on experience. They ca

5、pture what experts do and enable these solutions to be shared with everyone.Distilled reusable knowledge. (Don Firesmith)Patterns dont give you code you can drop into your application, they give you experience you can drop into your head. (Patrick Logan)5Why are patterns important?Patterns provide a

6、n incredibly dense means of efficient and effective communication between those who know the language. (N. Kirby) Human communication is the bottleneck in software development. If patterns can help developers communicate with their clients, their customers, and each other, then patterns help fill a

7、crucial need in our industry. (J. Coplien)Patterns capture important practices of existing methods and practices not codified by conventional methods (J. Coplien)Patterns offer both a form for capturing knowledge and a process for using that knowledge to create quality software.6Different kinds of p

8、atternsArchitectural patternsDesign patternsOrganization and Process patternsSystem Test patternsCustomer Interaction patternsTraining patterns7Organizational patternsJim Coplien has documented a pattern language for organizational and process problems.His goal was to identify characteristics of hyp

9、er-productive teams.Successful teams share an amazing number of patterns.Important patterns are missing from unsuccessful teams.8Patterns for introducing patternsLinda Rising wrote initial patterns with David DeLanoOOPSLA Workshop 1996Shepherded and workshopped at PLoP 97Mary Lynn Manns used these p

10、atterns at U S West and created an extension of the pattern languageShepherded and workshopped at PLoP 99Rising and Manns met at ChiliPLoP 2000OOPSLA Workshop 2000Simulations at OT 2001OOPSLA Tutorial 2001 9Pattern languagesA pattern solves a recurring problem in a particular contextA new context an

11、d new problems resultPatterns always work together to solve problems in a particular domainThis kind of collection of related patterns is called a pattern language10Alexanders pattern languageThe best example of a pattern languageAlexander, C.A. et al, A Pattern Language, Oxford University Press, 19

12、77.To build something, where do I start?What do I do next?11The Introducing Patterns into Organizations Pattern Language building itEach pattern has one or more originators or authorsMany pattern mining techniquesOur experiencesOthers experiencesSupported by other publicationsIndividual patterns and

13、 the pattern language has evolved iteratively Format is based on Alexanders pattern format12The Introducing Patterns into Organizations Pattern Language using itOrganizations start at different points in the language and use different sequences through the patternsOrganizations have different goals

14、for “introducing patterns” such as:Individuals use patternsTeams of individuals develop a common languagePhilosophy of Alexander is integratedA patterns repository is built13Introducing new ideas the forcesMost people are skeptical (to varying degrees) of new ideasThere are so many new ideas that we

15、 cant keep upWe dont have reliable ways of evaluating new ideasWere all too busyDifferent organizations need different ways to “introduce” new ideasSome organizations have no or limited resources It takes time and energy to convince others of new ideasOrganizational change is not top-down or bottom-

16、up, but participative at all levels, aligned through a common understandingChange is not an event; it is a process (often a long process)Result: This is a hard problem!14Some of the patternsRolesConnectorsCorporate AngelDedicated ChampionEarly AdoptersEvangelistInnovatorsLocal LeaderPattern MentorRe

17、spected Techie15Some of the patterns (continued)Some TechniquesInformation sessionsDealing with skepticsBig JoltAdopt a SkepticHometown StorySo Whats New?Study GroupsFear LessBrown BagDo FoodProof of Concept Gold Mine Showing RelevanceJust Do ItPersonal Touch Pilot Project Pieces of Clay 16One seque

18、nce through the languageEvangelistTo introduce patterns into your organization, let your passion for the new approach drive you.Brown BagUse the time when people normally eat lunch to provide a relaxed atmosphere for learning about patterns. InnovatorsWhen beginning to introduce patterns, Ask for He

19、lp from a group of co-workers who take an early interest in patterns.e-ForumSet up a bulletin board, distribution list, or listserver for those who want to hear more. 17One sequence through the language (continued)Respected TechieEnlist the support of senior-level technical people who are esteemed b

20、y members of the organization.Just Do ItTo prepare yourself for spreading the word about patterns, gather first-hand information on their benefits and limitations by integrating them into your current work.Personal TouchShow individuals how patterns can be personally useful and valuable to them. Stu

21、dy GroupsForm a small group of colleagues who are interested in a specific topic as a next step for newcomers to learn about patterns or a good way for those familiar with patterns to continue learning.18One sequence through the language (continued)Big JoltTo give more visibility to the patterns effort, invite a well-known person to do a presentation.Plant the SeedsCarry patterns material (seeds) with you to “plant” the idea of patterns whenever the opportunity arises.Royal AudienceArrange for management and members of the organization who have helped with the patterns effort to spend