2017-2021年北京高考英语真题分类汇编之语法填空

1、2017-2021年北京高考英语真题分类汇编之语法填空一语法填空（共3小题）1（2021北京）A Why do we dream？Scientists arent completely sure，and they have diverse（1） （idea）.Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything（2） happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memorie

2、s.As it（3） （connect） things，your brain turns them into a story，and you get a dream.B Sam is an inreallife streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home（4） a cold night，he came across a sadlooking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor w

3、oman wasnt able to give him any information about（5） she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could（6） （safe） wait for the police to take her home.C There（7） （be）a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years，（8） （cause）largely by rising glob

4、al temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019，there were 7，348 major natural disasters around the world，（9） （result） in USD2，970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need（10） （invest） in disaste

5、r prevention.2（2020北京）A Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food （1） （play） a big role in his life. My mum was a great cook， and shed sometimes let me have a try， he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mums help. Oliver say

6、s if youre （2） （luck） enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking， ask them （3） you can join in when its possible.B Singleuse plastic bags are used at most a few times before they （4） （throw） away. It takes them hundreds of years （5） （break） down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean wh

7、ere larger ones can trap sea creatures， such as turtles and dolphins. Over time， the bags fall apart （6） countless tiny pieces， and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now， lots of （7） （country） and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.C A piece of sto

8、ne （8） （find） on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives， known as Neanderthals， were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals （9） （live） alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years， before dying out about 40，000 years ago. They were much stronger tha

9、n modern humans， but its long been assumed that human ancestors were （10） （smart） than the Neanderthals. However， the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.3（2019北京）A On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomachI（1） （voice） my biggest concern to

10、my mother， How will I make friends？ She handed me advice， Be yourself For the past 20 years，I have lived by these wordsSoon I will graduate and become part of the real worldNervously（2） （face） challenges，I know I will whisper to（3） （I） the two simple words Be yourselfB Earth Day，（4） （mark） on 22 Apr

11、il，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protectionFirst celebrated（5） 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various（6） （activity） on Earth DayYou can plant a tree，m

12、ake a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endlessC Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question （7） （suggest） that，for most students，it doesntWhat students do at college seems to matter much more than（8） they goThe students benefitt

13、ing most from college are those（9） are totally engaged （参与） in academic life，taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources（资源）Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and its never too early to make necessary preparations for

14、a healthy and（10） （meaning） college experience2017-2021年北京高考英语真题分类汇编之语法填空参考答案与试题解析一语法填空（共3小题）1（2021北京）A Why do we dream？Scientists arent completely sure，and they have diverse（1）ideas（idea）.Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything（2）thathappene

15、d during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it（3）connects （connect） things，your brain turns them into a story，and you get a dream.B Sam is an inreallife streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home（4）ona cold night，he came across

16、 a sadlooking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about（5）whereshe lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could（6）safely （safe） wait for the police to take her home.C There（7）has been（be）a dramatic rise in the n

17、umber of extreme weather events over the past 20 years，（8）caused（cause）largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019，there were 7，348 major natural disasters around the world，（9）resulting（result） in USD2，970 billion in economic loss.Much of

18、 this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need（10）to invest （invest） in disaster prevention.【考点】语法填空菁优网版权所有【分析】A篇是说明文，科学家对人为什么做梦这一问题作出一种解释；B篇是记叙文，文章讲述了在一个寒冷的夜晚山姆帮助一位老妇人回家的故事；C篇是说明文，气候变化导致极端天气事件的数量急剧上升，迫切需要对灾害预防进行投资。【解答】（1）ideas.考查名词复数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有各种各样的想法。设空前diver

19、se为形容词，表示多种多样的；不同的，修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填ideas。（2）that.考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会对白天发生的一切进行分类，试图将新的经历与旧的记忆联系起来。此处需要一个连接词引导限制性定语从句，先行词everything是不定代词，连接词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导该从句，故填that。（3）connects.考查时态及主谓一致。句意：当它将事物联系起来时，你的大脑会把它们变成一个故事，然后你就会做个梦。设空处作谓语，应与本段整体时态一致用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填connects。（4）on.考查介词。句意：

20、在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑自行车回家时，他遇到一位面容忧伤的老妇人独自在街上徘徊。表示在具体的某一天的早上（下午或晚上），应用介词on，故填on。（5）where.考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的女人无法告诉他她住在哪里。介词about后面接宾语从句，根据句意可知，此处表示哪里，应用连接词where引导该从句，故填where。（6）safely.考查副词。句意：萨姆陪她走到附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等待警察把她带回家。设空处修饰动词wait，应用副词safely作状语，故填safely。（7）has been.考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，在过去20年中，极端天气事件的数量

21、急剧上升，这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。本句为there be句式，根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知应用现在完成时，主语a dramatic rise为单数名词，故填has been。（8）caused.句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，在过去20年中，极端天气事件的数量急剧上升，这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。本句为there be句式，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前面句子内容与动词cause之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填caused。（9）resulting.考查现在分词。句意：从2000年到2019年，全球共发生7348起重大自然灾

22、害，造成经济损失29700亿美元。本句为there be句式，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，前面句子内容与result in之间为主动关系，且表示合乎逻辑的结果，应用现在分词形式，故填resulting。（10）to invest.考查动词不定式。句意：调查结果表明，迫切需要对灾害预防进行投资。设空前need是名词，表示需要，迫切要求，其后常接动词不定式。故填to invest。【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。2（2020北京）A Oliver is a host of a TV

23、 programme on food. He says food （1）plays/has played/is playing/has been playing （play） a big role in his life. My mum was a great cook， and shed sometimes let me have a try， he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mums help. Oliver says if

24、 youre （2）lucky （luck） enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking， ask them （3）if/whethr you can join in when its possible.B Singleuse plastic bags are used at most a few times before they （4）are thrown （throw） away. It takes them hundreds of years （5）to break （break） down. Many of these

25、 bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures， such as turtles and dolphins. Over time， the bags fall apart （6）into/to countless tiny pieces， and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now， lots of （7）countries（country） and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags

26、 to stop people using them.C A piece of stone （8）found （find） on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives， known as Neanderthals， were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals （9）lived/had lived /had been living （live） alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousand

27、s of years， before dying out about 40，000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans， but its long been assumed that human ancestors were （10）smarter （smart） than the Neanderthals. However， the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.【考点】语法填空菁优网版权所有【分析】A 本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。

28、B 这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。C 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。【解答】（1）plays/has played/is playing/has been playing.考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing. （2）lucky.考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运

29、，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。（3）if/whether.考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。_ you can join in when its possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺是否的意思，故填if/whether. （4）are thrown. 考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Singleuse plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown. （5）

30、to break. 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break.（6）into/to考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to（分崩离析成），介词into/to可表进入之中/变成。故填into/to. （7）countries. 考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。

31、lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries. （8）found.考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found.（9）lived/had lived /had been living.考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousand

32、s of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living.（10）smarter. 考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter.【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法

33、知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。3（2019北京）A On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomachI（1）voiced（voice） my biggest concern to my mother， How will I make friends？ She handed me advice， Be yourself For the past 20 years，I have lived by these wordsSoon I will graduate

34、 and become part of the real worldNervously（2）facing（face） challenges，I know I will whisper to（3）myself （I） the two simple words Be yourselfB Earth Day，（4）marked（mark） on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protectionFirst celebrated（5）in1970，the Day now

35、includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various（6）activities （activity） on Earth DayYou can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endlessC Does the name of the colleg

36、e you attend really matter？Research on the question （7）suggests/suggested/has suggested （suggest） that，for most students，it doesntWhat students do at college seems to matter much more than（8）wherethey goThe students benefitting most from college are those（9）who are totally engaged （参与） in academic l

37、ife，taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources（资源）Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and（10）meaningful（meaning） college experience【考点】语法填空菁优网版权所有【分析

38、】A段文章讲的是我上小学的第一天，我担忧不知道如何交朋友，妈妈告诉我做自己现在马上毕业进入社会去面对真正的挑战，我仍然记得妈妈的话，做自己B段文章讲的是地球日的宗旨，起源，发展以及各种各样的参与方式C短文章讲的是大学的名字是否重要研究表明，大学名字不重要，重要的是在大学做什么如果你在大学积极上课，充分利用学校提供的各种机会和资源，那么你将获益因此，提前为健康，有意义的大学生活做准备是很有必要的【解答】1voiced考查谓语动词voice做动词时意思是表达，因为是讲述一年级的事情，所以用一般过去时，故用voiced2facing考查非谓语动词根据分析，后半部分为主句，包含谓语动词know，所以横

39、线处用非谓语动词face作动词，意思是面对，和逻辑主语I构成逻辑关系，故用facing3myself考查反身代词根据句意可知此处用myself，我自己whisper to myself （我）对我自己说，故用myself4marked考查非谓语动词根据分析，后面那部分为主句，包含谓语动词is，所以横线处用非谓语动词mark做动词时，意思是庆贺；被赋予特征；给确定性质，与逻辑主语Earth Day构成被动关系，故用marked5in考查介词根据句意可知用in，in 1970在1970年，故用in6activities考查名词activity，可数名词，活动前面是形容词various，各种各样的，

40、所以用复数故用activities7suggests/suggested/has suggested考查谓语动词根据语境，研究表明研究是过去发生的事情，可以用一般过去时；也可以表示过去完成的动作对现在的影响，可以用现在完成时；也可以把研究结果理解成一个常理，用一般现在时故suggests/suggested/has suggested均可8where考查连接词根据句意可知填连接词where，引导宾语从句意思是你在大学做什么看起来比你去哪里上大学重要的多故用where9who考查关系词根据句意可知填关系代词who，引导定语从句先行词是those表示人是，关系词只能用who故用who10meani

41、ngful考查形容词根据句意可知填meaningful，形容词，有意义的，与前面的形容词healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience故用meaningful【点评】语法填空需要在通读全文的情况下，了解文章的主旨大意逻辑通顺了之后，再逐句地填出每个正确答案给出提示词的，在原词的基础上变形；未给提示词的，要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等虚词要注意上下文之间的联系和提示考点卡片1语法填空1 概念： 语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力2 特点： 语法填空纯空格题通常考冠词

42、、介词、代词和连词等四类词一个空格只能填一个单词而用括号中所给词填空通常考动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等一个空格可以填多个个单词技巧一：名词形式变化名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化例：There are many students living at school，the （child） houses are all far from schoo1由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式复数的所有格childrens技巧二：动词形式变化动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语

43、气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）例：A talk （give） tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语从tomorrow可以看出，报告是将来作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given技巧三：代词形式变化代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/ano

44、ther等技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前more/less和most/least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the（2019北京）A On the first day of my first grade， I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach I （1）voiced（voice） my biggest concern to my mother， How will I make friends？ She hand

45、ed me advice， Be yourself For the past 20 years， I have lived by these words Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world Nervously（2）facing（face） challenges， I know I will whisper to（3）myself（I） the two simple words Be yourselfB Earth Day，（4）marked（mark） on 22 April， is an annual event ai

46、ming to raise public awareness about environmental protection First celebrated（5）in 1970， the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区） No matter what you like to do， there is a way to get involved in various（6）activities（activity） on Earth Day You can plant a tree， make a m

47、eal with locally grown vegetables， or save powerthe possibilities are endlessC Does the name of the college you attend really matter？ Research on the question （7）suggests/suggested/has suggested（suggest） that， for most students， it doesnt What students do at college seems to matter much more than（8）

48、where they go The students benefiting most from college are those（9）who are totally engaged （参与） in academic life， taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources（资源） Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend， and its never too e

49、arly to make necessary preparations for a healthy and（10）meaningful（meaning） college experience【分析】A段文章讲的是我上小学的第一天，我担忧不知道如何交朋友，妈妈告诉我做自己现在马上毕业进入社会去面对真正的挑战，我仍然记得妈妈的话，做自己B段文章讲的是地球日的宗旨，起源，发展以及各种各样的参与方式C短文章讲的是大学的名字是否重要研究表明，大学名字不重要，重要的是在大学做什么如果你在大学积极上课，充分利用学校提供的各种机会和资源，那么你将获益因此，提前为健康，有意义的大学生活做准备是很有必要的【解答】

50、1voiced考查谓语动词voice做动词时意思是表达，因为是讲述一年级的事情，所以用一般过去时，故用voiced2facing考查非谓语动词根据分析，后半部分为主句，包含谓语动词know，所以横线处用非谓语动词face作动词，意思是面对，和逻辑主语I构成逻辑关系，故用facing3myself考查反身代词根据句意可知此处用myself，我自己whisper to myself （我）对我自己说，故用myself4marked考查非谓语动词根据分析，后面那部分为主句，包含谓语动词is，所以横线处用非谓语动词mark做动词时，意思是庆贺；被赋予特征；给确定性质，与逻辑主语Earth Day构成被

51、动关系，故用marked5in考查介词根据句意可知用in，in 1970在1970年，故用in6activities考查名词activity，可数名词，活动前面是形容词various，各种各样的，所以用复数故用activities7suggests/suggested/has suggested考查谓语动词根据语境，研究表明研究是过去发生的事情，可以用一般过去时；也可以表示过去完成的动作对现在的影响，可以用现在完成时；也可以把研究结果理解成一个常理，用一般现在时故suggests/suggested/has suggested均可8where考查连接词根据句意可知填连接词where，引导宾语从

52、句意思是你在大学做什么看起来比你去哪里上大学重要的多故用where9who考查关系词根据句意可知填关系代词who，引导定语从句先行词是those表示人是，关系词只能用who故用who10meaningful考查形容词根据句意可知填meaningful，形容词，有意义的，与前面的形容词healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience故用meaningful【点评】语法填空需要在通读全文的情况下，了解文章的主旨大意逻辑通顺了之后，再逐句地填出每个正确答案给出提示词的，在原词的基础上变形；未给提示词的，要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等虚词要注意上下文之间的联系和提示（2019浙江）

53、There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea First of all， uniforms help the school look smart The students feel that they belong to a particular group When every pupil in the school wears the uniform， nobody （1）has /will have （have） to worry about fashion（时尚） Everybody wears （2）the s

54、ame style of clothes Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform On the edge of the jacket， there is a piece of cloth （3）that/which gives off light in the dark When the children are walking or （4）cycling （cycle） to school on dark mornings，

55、car drivers can （5）easily（easy） see them But can uniforms help improve school standards？ The answer （6）to this question is not clear One study in America found that students grades （7）improved （improve） a little after the school introduced uniforms But some students didnt want （8）to wear （wear） the

56、uniform Other American studies showed no （9）connection/connections（connect） between uniforms and school performance School uniforms are （10）traditional（tradition） in Britain， but some schools are starting to get rid of them Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy However， uniforms are still popular Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms【分析】本文为说明文文章主要谈论校服的话题，讨论校服和学生学习成绩的关系【解答】1has /will have考查时态这篇文章主要使用一般现在时，主语是不定代词nobody，谓语用三单，或者使用主将从现，主句用一般将来时故填has /will have2the考查冠词形容词same需要和the搭配使用故填the3that/which考查定语从句这句话使用which引导定语从句，先行词是a piece of cloth，指物