新视野大学英语读写译4U校园第五单元课后测试答案

1、选词填空（15选10） 10题，总分值：20分Directions： Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. Each word can be used only once.Arab culture is very different from the culture we have in the West. Most people from outside of the Arab world really dont understand these

2、social differences, and they will 1) encounter all sorts of problems when they are trying to do business in Arab countries.Probably the greatest difference is the importance of family. What Arabs think of as being family 2) extends far beyond what family means to us in the Western world.It includes

3、the whole extended family. The first 3) loyalty of most Arabs is to their family, and this takes 4) priority over their jobs, business and even their friends. People are just more 5) comfortable doing business with family members than they are with other people.Another difference lies in the lack of

4、 personal space in the Arab culture. A lot of visitors to Arab countries are surprised by and often made 6) exasperated by this. When they are talking to you, Arabs will stand much 7) closer than we do in the West. There will also be a great deal of touching, usually on the arm or shoulder, amongst

5、people of the same gender. Since we dont usually do this in the West, it catches a lot of people off guard, but social 8) niceties like this are something that you have to get used to if you do business in Arab countries.In general, Arabs are much more 9) respectful of other people than we are in th

6、e West and this is something that you have to be very careful about. Successful business communication involves 10) reciprocal respect, which means both sides appreciate and respect each others cultural norms.A.loyaltyB.respectableC.vicinitiesD.nicetiesE.respectfulF.encounterG.simplerH. closerI. rec

7、iprocalJ.extractsK.solidarityL.exasperatedM fortableN.priorityO.extends长篇阅读10题，总分值：40分Directions： You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You m

8、ay choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Beauty in Different CulturesBeauty remains an elusive notion across different cultures. What are the factors behind attractiveness?Across the globe, few people have difficulty recognizing someone who is considered beautiful

9、. Beauty is often sought after, worshiped, and sometimes interpreted as a personal virtue. Standards of beauty are usually social markers determining cultural status, social acceptance and suitability as a mate. However, beauty remains a complicated notion. Scientists continue to study the biologica

10、l and anthropological factors behind physical attractiveness, while advertisers continue to employ ideals of beauty to sell products.Countless people continue their quests to become or remain beautiful to receive the benefits society offers for beauty. A physical aesthetic has remained constant over

11、 time throughout the diverse cultures of the world. In this sense, beauty has been regarded as a reflection of health, vitality, sexual attraction and social appeal. Although the specifics of what makes someone beautiful can differ across countries, cultures and communities, the concept of beauty ha

12、s existed for as long as there have been people.Securing a mate, procreating and receiving support from a life partner were some of humanitys earliest benefits of being beautiful. During the struggle to survive in ancient time, our ancestors needed to be part of a clan, sharing food, resources and s

13、helter as they cared for offsprings that would continue building their civilizations. In contemporary times, however, beauty has become a prized and helpful physical quality. Those who are beautiful, studies have shown, receive better pay for their work, more easily advance in social status and have

14、 even been viewed as being more competent and trustworthy. Some of these advantages are simply a result of human beings5 desire for the simplicity found in symmetry (对称).The concept of symmetryis a norm in most studies of aesthetics, whether in art or life. This balance, signifying familiarity, is c

15、omforting to the human eye. A symmetrical face suggests an overall healthiness of mind and body. Eyes unevenly set across a face are irregular and disconcerting to the viewer, who intuitively craves symmetry. People are attracted to that which is uniform and conventional.Along with an appealing face

16、, a proportionate, pleasing body frame is a necessary feature of beauty as it demonstrates physical fitness and defines ones lifestyle. A thin woman with a toned, tanned body and blonde highlights in her golden hair can reflect a lifestyle of leisure. A trim body demonstrates her self-control and di

17、scipline in a lifestyle that can afford much leisure time. Even if genetics have blessed her with a high metabolism, a hairdresser applied the sun-streaked highlights to her hair and a cosmetic bronzer deepened her skin tone, the final outcome is beauty.However, not all cultures find the trim blonde

18、 a perfect representation of beauty. In Nigeria, women are encouraged to be more full-figured as it demonstrates fertility and the ability to bear and carry many babies. In some Southeast Asian cultures, a more full-figured woman demonstrates a higher social status. Being thicker can boast of being

19、well fed and healthy. In these ways, beauty implies superiority and cultural status. However, standards of beauty depend upon the social conditions of the times in which one lives. The blonde with bronze skin would not be appealing to her Victorian ancestors, who saw tanned skin as a sign of the low

20、er classes toiling in the hot sun. Although times change, the power of beauty and what it symbolizes remains.At times, striving to emulate (尽力赶上)beauty standards can be unrealistic or come with physical or psychological risks. However, to many people, the rewards of trying to embody a cultures beaut

21、y standards outweigh the dangers. Around the globe, diverse ideals of beauty often come with their own unique hazards. Some tribal women in Burma are known for their seemingly elongated necks fitted with multiple rings. Many rings signify social status, gracefulness and make women more appealing to

22、potential husbands. Though creating deformities in the shoulders and weakening their neck muscles, the rings are still a reflection of beauty.In contemporary times, having large eyes is seen as a mark of beauty by some Asian cultures, in which eyes tend to be smaller in shape than Europeans. In addi

23、tion, many Asian women have undergone surgery to create Europcan-looking eyelids. This desire to be what is rare and unattainable is a common element in beauty standards throughout the world. Many people go under the surgeons knife to alter their appearances, sometimes for the worse. In this sense,

24、attaining beauty is a sacrifice with its own rewards.However, not all cultures view beauty as something difficult to achieve. The Maasai people approach beauty as an attainable quality that people can control. These east African tribal people focus on a tidy appearance and jewelry as adornment. Prop

25、er grooming demonstrates personal pride, a healthful outlook and adherence to cultural norms.In contrast, the Suri people of Ethiopia find beauty represented in womens lip plates. When a girl reaches puberty, her bottom teeth are removed to make way for a piercing in the lower lip. Once the piercing

26、 is in place, the lip is stretched around a clay plate. When it is time to find a husband, this lip plate guides the dowry (嫁妆)process. Plates are seen as both a sigh of beauty and a measure of womans value in cattle. Larger plates signal a more valuable and desired woman.Another sign of personal va

27、lue is demonstrated in the elaborate facial tattoos of the Maori people, an indigenous group in New Zealand. In modern times, the Tamoko, this face-covering tattoo, is worn as a demonstration of cultural pride and beauty among the group. In the past, the Tamoko signified social status, and those wit

28、hout a marked face, were not allowed participation in tribal rituals and dismissed to a low social rank. The use of the Tamoko faded away with the settling of many white people in New Zealand. However, in the 1990s, this practice saw a revival as some Maori wanted to emphasize their cultural pride a

29、nd ideas about beauty through this conspicuous symbol.Scarification of the body is another practice, specifically among populations with dark skin too dark to show tattoos. The Karo tribe of Ethiopia scar men and womens torsos and chests to assert social status. Mens scars mark the number of enemies

30、 killed in battles, while womens scars represent sensuality and appeal. Although less practiced today, some indigenous (土著的)groups with little contact with the modern world continue these kinds of beauty rituals. Today, many people of African descent in the Western world wear their hair in dreadlock

31、s, coils of hair mixed together. This hairstyle often symbolizes a cultural pride and beauty in their black identity and a rejection of the white beauty standard of straight, silky hair. The fact remains, however, even in rejecting some beauty standards, the idea of beauty remains.In Southwestern As

32、ia, the area often known as the Middle East, the rejection of Western culture and beauty standards has seen the rise in more traditional, Arabic clothing. This clothing tends to cover more of the body and gives only an alluring glimpse at the feminine figure within as a clear condemnation of the rev

33、ealing outfits worn by many in the Western world. These outfits display the humble, serious and secret beauty of the wearer, whose husband is the only one with access to the body hidden within the folds of fabric. Still, with increasing globalization, many Western beauty ideals have spread throughou

34、t the world, while cultures with little contact outside their indigenous communities continue to observe their own beauty practices. Either way, ideals of beauty are cvcr-prcscnt throughout the diverse communities of world.Although differing across the globe, beauty standards are an important part o

35、f the cultural landscape. Demonstrating status, social acceptance and suitability as a mate, physical aesthetics affect how people view themselves and those around them. Health, fitness and social expectations are consistent in standards of beauty across cultures, although different cultures all hav

36、e their own ideas about what makes one beautiful. While time and social conditions can alter these standards, what remains is that the notion of beauty is unchanging.答案：As a very important part of all cultures, beauty standards may change with time and social conditions, but the perception of beauty

37、 never changes. NIn some African native tribes with less contact with the modern civilization, men and women are scarred to increase their beauty and social acceptance. LAlthough many beauty standards of the western world have spread in the globalized world, some native cultures still preserve their

38、 own practices of beauty. MIn some cultures, beauty and personal value are reflected and illustrated through the moderate change of the body by means of art. KIn different cultures, standards of beauty differ a lot, determined by the social conditions of the time being. FIt has been shown that physi

39、cal attractiveness helps to bring about many advantages and social benefits. CToday, many African descendants of the Western countries still wear their traditional hairstyle to show their cultural pride and identity as well as their rejection of the Western culture and beauty standards. LIn some Asi

40、an countries, women attempt to improve their appearance through surgery, but sometimes things go worse. HThere is continuous study and use of beauty in science and business. AGlobally, many people think there are more rewards than risks in the reflection of a cultures beauty standards. G阅读理解10题，总分值：

41、40分Directions： Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Gregory Currie, a professor of philosophy at the University of Nottingham,

42、recently argued in The New York Times that we ought not to claim that literature improves us as people, because there is no compelling evidence that suggests that people are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy or other great books.Actually, there is such evidence. Raymond Mar, a psycholog

43、ist at York University in Canada, and Keith Oatley, a professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto, reported in studies published in 2006 and 2009 that individuals who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, empathize （起共鸣） with them and view the wor

44、ld from their perspective. This link persisted even after the researchers factored in the possibility that more empathetic individuals might choose to read more novels.Recent research in cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that deep reading of books is a distinctive exper

45、ience, very different from the information-driven reading we do on the Web. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely conducive to the deep reading experience. A books lack of hyperlinks allowing the reader to

46、 remain fully immersed in the narrative, without having to make such decisions as whether to click on a link or not.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity, by creating a mental representation that draws on the same

47、brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even increasing our real-life capacity for em

48、pathy.This is not reading as many young people are coming to know it. Their reading, mostly done onscreen, is pragmatic （实际的）and instrumental. If we allow our children to believe reading onscreen is all there is, we will have deprived them of an enjoyable and enlightening experience that will enlarg

49、e them as people. Instead molding our education around young peoples attachment to digital devices and onscreen habits, we need to show them some place theyve never been, a place only deep reading can take them.21)Prof. Gregory Currie argues that.A. literature doesnt show peoples moral or social sta

50、ndards B. reading fiction wont improve people morally or sociallyC. only good literature shows peoples moral and social valuesD. only reading great books benefits people morally and sociallyThe studies of Raymond Mar and Keith Oatley show that.A. empathetic people are more likely to read novels ofte

51、nB. empathetic people have a better perspective on the worldC. reading fiction encourages people to be more persistentD. reading fiction helps people understand others betterDeep reading of books, compared with reading on the web.A. requires a conventional paper book B. gives readers many links to o

52、ther materialsC. enables readers to stay absorbed in the storyD. allows readers to choose their future readingIn doing deep reading, the brain.A. handles emotional situations and moral conflicts seldom occurring in real life B. handles the story in the book in a similar way as it does real-life scen

53、es C. creates mental representations of moral conflicts by drawing on real-life stories D. creates sensory and emotional details in the story in very different waysIt can be learned from the passage that the author.A. supports use of digital devices in classroom B. prefers reading onscreen to readin

54、g paper booksC. takes a positive approach to education reformsD. holds a negative attitude toward reading onscreen参考答案：21) B 22) D 23) C 24) B 25) DIn case anyone needed another reason to love chocolate, a new study suggests that a natural compound found in cocoa, tea and some vegetables can reverse

55、 age-related memory loss.The study - published in Nature Neuroscience in 2014 and partly financed by a chocolate company - found that flavanols reverse mild memory loss in older adults. Using brain scans and memory tests, the latest study built on previous work showing that flavanols extracted from

56、cocoa beans had improved neuronal connections in mices dentate gyrus, a part of the brain involved in memory formation.But hold that chocolate bar. The researchers also warn that the compound found in cocoa exists only in minuscule amounts in the average chocolate bar compared with the amount used i

57、n the study, so gorging on chocolate in the name of health and improving ones memory could backfire （适得其反）.ult would make a lot of people happy, but it would also make them unhealthy,n said Scott A. Small, a professor of neurology and director of the Alzheimers Disease Research Center at Columbia Un

58、iversity Medical Center.Small said that even more important, the new study offers the first direct evidence that memory deteriorates with age because of changes in the dentate gyrus （齿状圆）, a region of the hippocampus （海马）.Previous studies had shown a link between changes in this region of the brain

59、and normal, age-related memory loss, but the Columbia University study asserts a causal link.The study involved 37 healthy subjects who ranged in age from 50 to 69. Researchers said that if a person had the memory of a typical 60-year-old at the beginning of the study, on average that persons memory would function more like a 30- or 40-year-old5s after three months of being given a high-fl