文体与修辞考试复习

1、English Rhetoric and Stylistics (I)Instructed by Lian Jie Tel: 83962550Mobile:-mail: 1 Course IntroductionWhole Course：Rhetoric (14 h) + Stylistics (18 h)English rhetoric:第一讲第一讲 遣词遣词第二讲第二讲 句级修辞手段句级修辞手段 (I)第二讲第二讲 句级修辞手段句级修辞手段 (II)第二讲第二讲 句级修辞手段句级修辞手段 (III)第三讲第三讲 修辞格修辞格 (I)第三讲第三讲 修辞格修辞格 (I

2、I)第三讲第三讲 修辞格修辞格 (III) 单元测试单元测试2Recommended books:1.范家材范家材. 1992. 英语修辞赏析英语修辞赏析M. 上海上海:上海交通大上海交通大学出版社学出版社.2.黄任黄任. 1996. 英语修辞与写作英语修辞与写作M. 上海上海: 上海外语教上海外语教育出版社育出版社.3.吕熙吕熙. 2004. 实用英语修辞实用英语修辞M.北京北京:清华大学出版清华大学出版社社.4. 潘绍嶂潘绍嶂. 1998. 英语修辞与写作英语修辞与写作M. 上海上海:上海交通上海交通大学出版社大学出版社.5. 王德春王德春,陈晨陈晨. 现代修辞学现代修辞学M. 上海上海:

3、 上海外语教育上海外语教育出版社出版社.6.王希杰王希杰. 2005. 汉语修辞学汉语修辞学M. 北京北京:商务印书馆商务印书馆.3English Rhetoric Session 1 0. Introduction (1) Definition the art of speaking or writing effectively which focuses on the study of language techniques or devices for drawing the reader/listeners attention and impressing or convincing

4、him (2) Two aspects of rhetoric - Communicative/ Passive rhetoric - Aesthetic/ Active rhetoric 4 In the case of content, communicative rhetoric stresses the choice of words and sentence structures, clarity and fluency; in the c a s e o f f o r m , i t s t re s s e s b a l a n c e a n d rigorousness.

5、 Aesthetic rhetoric stresses appealing to emotion, imagination, association and the use of figures of speech so as to achieve artistic effect by making language more active, beautiful, powerful and convincing.5(3) Rhetoric and some other sciences - Semantics: rhetoric often goes hand in hand with di

6、ction, while diction cant depart from semantics. - Phonetics: rhetoric often deals with the choice of sounds, and this cant depart from phonetics. - Lexicology and grammar: rhetoric bases itself on vocabulary and grammar, through which we achieve rhetorical effect.6 - Semantics, phonetics, lexicolog

7、y and grammar deal with “CORRECTNESS”, while rhetoric “EFFECTIVENESS”. (4) Thought Questions - What is rhetoric and its function? - What is the relationship between rhetoric and grammar? - How do you understand correctness and effectiveness of communication?71. DICTION1.1 Definition the choice of wo

8、rds, and an indispensable first step in communication1.2 Three principles of diction (1) CORRECTION e.g. homonyms1) air, heir Man cannot live without air. He is an heir to property.82) cite, sight, site He cited quotations from Shakespeare.The sunrise is a beautiful sight.This is a suitable site for

9、 a cotton mill.3) words similar in pronunciation / spellingThe hot weather affected his health.The medicine effected nothing. He has a good conscience.They were conscious of being watched.9(2) APPROPRIATENESS - proper words in proper places (Swift) W h e t h e r t h e w o r d s u s e d a r e appropr

10、iate depends to a large extent onthe subject, audience and the purpose of the writer /speaker. 1) standard and non-standard English - Standard English: the English recognized and used by educated speakers of English 10- Non-standard English: the English not usually found in the speech of educated sp

11、eakers of English E.g. nowheres - nowhere irregardless - regardless aint - are/am/is not haint - have/has not I dont want nothing. - I dont want anything. 11 2) three layers of English vocabulary The core of English vocabulary is made up of three layers of words, with the learned at the top, the col

12、loquial at the bottom, and the common in the middle. e.g. formal common informal inform tell tell obtain obtain get however but but12 (3) EXACTNESS (or Accuracy) Exactness of diction depends much on connotation and denotation of words. A words denotation is what it literally means means, as defined

13、by the dictionary; its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by the word. e.g. country, nation, state, land resolute, stubborn modest, humble13 - synonyms three sets of English synonyms early English French origin Latin origin small/little petite diminutive ask question interrogate time age e

14、poch - derogatory terms and euphemisms derogatory: Japs (for Japanese) Huns (for German soldiers) honky/honkie (for White man)14 artful, crafty, knave, lust euphemism: die: pass away, cease ones breath, fall asleep be pregnant: be expecting, be in the family way lavatory: rest room, lounge, john, co

15、nvenience the poor people: the disadvantaged, the underprivileged, the low income group15 - general versus specific words General/abstract words refer to character- istics that many things have in common and indicate general names, qualities or modes of actions. Specific/concrete words indicate part

16、icular things, qualities and actions. E.g.16 general words specific words house cottage, hut, shed, mansion, villa, office building, skyscraper, person king, queen, prince, worker, farmer, policeman, lawyer, doctor, teacher flower chrysanthemum, lotus, rose, daffodil do work, study, read, write, sin

17、g, dance move walk, jog, run, wander, stroll, hop, skip, darg, stumble, creep, climb 17 Classroom exercise I. Compare the following sentences: a (1) He loves literature. (2) He loves novels, poems and the like. b (1) From the primary school through the high school, later in his college course, he wa

18、s always a diligent and painstaking student. (2) Through the whole course of his education, he was a diligent and painstaking student.18 c (1) He fought like an animal. (2) He fought like a tiger. II. Please give some concrete words for good in the following two phrases: (1) a good man; (2) good foo

19、d c.f. (1) a good man: kind, honest, just, generous, sympathetic, honourable，warm-hearted, hardworking, helpful, selfless 19 (2) good food: delicious, tasty, nourishing, wholesome, rich, fresh, substantial III. A case study The following is part of a dialogue taken from the American film Man, Woman

20、and Child written by Erich Segal. Please analyze the diction the writer uses for the dialogue. 20Background introduction: Robert was a doctor. He and his wife, Sheila, had a son. A few years before the dialogue, Robert met a woman doctor at a conference and had an affair with her. The woman gave bir

21、th to a child without telling it to Robert. Later, unfortunately, she was seriously ill and was going to die. She had no choice but to tell Robert about the child and hoped Robert would take the child back home and bring him up after her death. Robert decided to talk with his wife, hoping she would forgive him and agre