第九讲情态动词和虚拟语气1准确把握情态动词表允许推

1、第九讲 情态动词和虚拟语气1准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法。2准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子结构中的使用。3wish，as if/though，if only，would rather从句，Its time从句等句型中的虚拟语气。4表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求的词语后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。5虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。2021年高考将重点考查情态动词表“推测和可能性、必要性、请求、允许、允诺，非真实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。 1(2021全国卷) If you_smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. must D.

2、may解析考查情态动词的用法。句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。答案 C2(2021上海)Some young people these days just_go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustnt B. wontC. mightnt D. shouldnt解析考查情态动词的用法。句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。mustnt禁止，不允许；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightnt可

3、能不；shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。答案 B3(2021福建)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you_， in case he comes late for the meeting .Awill BmustCmay Dcan解析考查情态动词的用法。句意为“需要我现在就通知他方案有变吗？恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须，得。根据后半句，选B。答案 B4(2021安徽)What do you think of store shopping in

4、 the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.A. will never replaceB. would never replace C. will never be replacedD. would never be replaced解析考查情态动词的用法。句意为“你对将来的商店购物怎么看？我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态

5、，选C。答案 C5(2021四川)The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _.Acan BmayCmust Dshould解析考查情态动词的用法。句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。答案 A1can 和could的用法(1)表示惊讶，常用在否认句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(2)cannot.to

6、o/enough表示“无论也不过分；“越越好。You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。2may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“许可，“可能性，“祝愿等意义。在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用might。May I play basketball this afternoon?“今天下午我可以打篮球吗？No，you may not.“不，不行。 “may as well动词原形意为“最好，满可以，倒不如。You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。We may as w

7、ell stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。(2)may作“可以讲时，其否认式常用“mustnt表示“禁止；must作“必须讲时，其否认式是“neednt，表示“不必。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt.3must(1)表示禁止(用于否认句)You must not speak ill of others.你一定不要说别人的坏话

8、。Smoking must not be allowed in the office.严禁在办公室吸烟。(2)表示“偏执，“固执Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出这么大声吗？If you must smoke，please go out.如果你偏要吸烟，那你就出去吧。4shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall we begin our class?我们可以开始上课吗？Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外边等着可以吗？(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、

9、警告、允诺或威胁。I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我许诺给他一件生日礼物。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假设你做那种事，我就不支持你。5will和would的用法作情态动词的will，would与作助动词的will，would的各种形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he has never smoke

10、d ever since.约翰容许他的医生不再吸烟了，自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是或“总要之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。(3)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯的含义。Last year our English teac

11、her would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们讲英语故事。1(2021北京)I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He_come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would not D. might not解析考查情态动词的用法。句意为“我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？别担忧。他可能来不了。他说他

12、的方案还没安排好。题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否认might not。选D。答案 D2(2021北京)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah，good morning. You_be Mrs. Peters.Amight BmustCwould Dcan解析此题考查情态动词。第一句说明和史密斯女士有约定，所以秘书判断一定是。must在此表示推测，意为“一定，符合语境。答案B3(2021浙江)“You_have a wr

13、ong number， she said，“Theres no one of that name here.Aneed BcanCmust Dwould解析考查情态动词。从“Theres no one of that name here可知“你一定弄错号码了。此处表示肯定的推测，故用must。答案C4(2021辽宁)The traffic is heavy these days.I_arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Acan BmustCneed Dmight解析can在肯定句中意为“能够，有时会，一般不用来表示推测；must 意为“

14、一定，必定；need意为“需要；might意为“可能，或许，表示推测。句意：这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保存个位置好吗？故答案选D。答案D表示对目前或将来情况的推测往往用“情态动词动词原形这种结构。1can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否认句中也可以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能，语气很强烈。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会

15、迟到呢？The story cant be true.这个故事不可能是真的。2may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能；用于否认句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不，表示一种不太确定的语气。may在疑问句中不能表示推测。Peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否认句中要用can)。He must be ill.He looks so pale.他准是病了，他的脸色苍白。Its the o

16、ffice！So you must know eating is not allowed here.“这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。Oh，sorry.“噢，对不起。4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该，即含有“按道理来说应当如此的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。5表示对现在正在发生的事情进行推测要用“情态动词be现在分词这种结构。

17、这种结构在高考题中出现的次数不太多，但也提醒考生注意。My mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now.现在我母亲一定正在花园里浇花。The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.此刻学生们有可能正在爬山。1(2021全国) They_have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.AwillBcanCmust Dshould解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。will

18、 have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的疑心，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。答案 D2(2021江苏)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I

19、 mean, someone_it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolen D. must have stolen解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。 will have done将来可以完成，must have done一 定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去

20、可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。答案 B 3(2021山东)I_have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt解析考查情态动词。句意：我本不应该看那部电影它会令我做噩梦。shouldnt have done sth.本不该做某事却做了。neednt have done sth.本不需要做某事却做了。couldnt have done sth.不可能做过某事。答案A4(2021天津)Mark_have hurried. After driving at top

21、 speed，he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt解析此题考查情态动词。从句子语境可知，Mark做了本没必要做的事，应用neednt have done，应选A项。其他几个选项都不能表达此意。答案A5(2021上海)Sorry，Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh，you_have done it as yesterday was the deadline.Amust BmustntCshould Dshouldnt解析考查情态

22、动词。句意：“对不起，史密斯教授，昨天我没有完成作业。“你本应该完成的，因为昨天是最后的期限。四个选项中B项不能与have done连用，故排除；must have done意为“肯定做了，表推测，说明说话人对所推测的事情把握较大；should have done 本应该做(实际上没做)；shouldnt have done本不应该做(实际上做了)。由语境可知C项正确。答案C表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测常用“情态动词have过去分词这种结构。1can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做或者“过去可能，疑问或否认形式表示对过去发生的行为表示疑心或不肯定，其中c

23、ant have done多用于语气强烈的否认，意为“不可能做过。Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere.“你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。 Well.He cant have gone farhis coats still here.“大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。The accident could have been avoided.这场事故本来是可以防止的。2may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have d

24、one可表示“本可能做而实际上未做。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。3must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必，语气十分肯定。He must have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.他一定是已经完成工作了，否那么他不会在海边玩得那么快乐了。4ought to/should

25、have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldnt have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚刚真不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。5neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you.“Catherine，我已替你清扫了房间。Thanks.Yo

26、u neednt have done it.I could manage it myself.“谢谢。你本来不必做，我自己可以做的。1(2021北京)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过

27、去时。选A。答案 A2(2021北京)Maybe if I_science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would studyC. had studied D. was studying解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。答案C3(2021天津)I_sooner but I didnt know that they were waiti

28、ng for me.A. had come B. was comingC. would come D. would have come解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语should / would / could / might have done表达，应选D。答案 D4(2021福建)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I_it, but I was busy preparing for a job intervi

29、ew.Aattended Bhad attended Cwould attend Dwould have attended解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。对过去的虚拟，用主语should / would / could / might have done表达，应选D。答案 D5(2021陕西)I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone

30、解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语should / would / could / might have done表达，应选A。答案 A虚拟语气考查的常常是习惯用法、特别的句型以及和情态动词的使用联系起来。有关虚拟语气要注意以下两大方面： 1在非真实条件句中谓语动词用虚拟语气非真实条件句有以下三类：(1)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去式主句：would/should/could/might动词原形。(2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式

31、如下：从句：过去完成时主句：would/should/could/might have过去分词。 (3)与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去式/should动词原形/were to动词原形。主句：would/should/could/might动词原形。【专家提醒】(1)假设条件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Had you taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不

32、会考试不及格了。(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Without electricity(If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today. 如果没有电

33、，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)，I couldnt have finished it.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否那么，我就和他们一起去那儿了。2虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用(1)用在suggest，order，dema

34、nd，ask，command，propose，request，insist等动词后面的宾语从句中。(2)用在wish后面的宾语从句中。(3)用在以as if/as though引起的从句中。(4)用在以in order that，so that引起的目的状语从句中。(5)用在以it is(high)time引起的从句中。(6)用在混合时间条件句中：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如：If I had learned French，I would be able to interpret for our French friends.如果我以前学过法语，现在我就能给法国朋友当翻译了。(7)

35、would rather句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿。如：Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。(8)无主句条件句。如：If only I had been more careful!我要是再仔细一点就好了！1“ Mike is often absent from class. “Tell him he_answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.A. shallB. willC. would D. can【易误分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【

36、名师指津】最正确答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你？Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子翻开吗？(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)You shall hear everything as soon as you come.

37、 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)请做以下试题(答案均选 shall)：(1)“ I promise that she_get a nice present on her birthday. “Will it be a great surprise to her？A. should B. mustC. would D. shall2. You_pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannot B. shouldntC. mustnt D. neednt【易误分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选

38、。【名师指津】最正确答案选A。cannot.too.是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太，无论怎样也不算过分，越越。如：You cant be too careful. 你越仔细越好。You cant praise the book too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：It is

39、 impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。3. “Is John coming by train？“He should, but he_not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. canC. need D. may【易误分析】可能误选B或C。【名师指津】最正确答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his

40、 car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. “It_ true because there was little snow there.A. may not be B. wont beC. couldnt be D. mustnt be【易误分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【名师指津】此题最正确答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪，那么“滑雪就应是“

41、不可能，所以选 couldnt be，即选C。5. You_be right, but I dont think you are.A. can B. couldC. must D. should【易误分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【名师指津】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最正确答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否认句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否认句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并

42、不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差异，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B。 注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)形容词，表示“有时会、“时常会等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。6. I forget where I read the article, or I_it to y

43、ou now. A. will show B. would showC. am going to show D. am showing 【易误分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【名师指津】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 orif I didnt forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了)。7. “It looks as if he were drunk. “So it does._.A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have dru

44、nk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【易误分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。【名师指津】最正确答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了不是事实，只是他的言行好似是醉了，所以此题的最正确答案是D。8. “Mary looks hot and dry “So _you if you had so high a fever.A. do B.

45、areC. will D. would【易误分析】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。【名师指津】此题最正确答案为D。分析如下：(1)“so助动词主语是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样时。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要

46、用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。9. “He will come tomorrow. “But Id rather he_the day after tomorrow.A. will come B. is comingC. came D. had come【易误分析】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都说明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。【名师指津】但此题的最正确答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示

47、现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：Id rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。10_ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up【易误分析】容易误选 D。【名师指津】正

48、确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这说明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down. If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停

49、止做广告，价钱会降下来。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。1. The two strangers talked as if they_friends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have been D. had been解析 从句子中时态talked可知as if引导的从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，另外for years也是判断此答

50、案的重要信息。答案D2_it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. ShouldC. Would D. Will解析 为虚拟语气的倒装句，相当于 If it should rain tomorrow 万一明天下雨。答案B3. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night_， too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freez

51、ing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly解析 此题考查的是虚拟语气的含蓄条件句，所谓含蓄条件句就是条件从句并非是用if引导的从句来表示的，而是通过上下文或介词短语来表示的。如：Under favorable conditions, we could have finished the work ahead of time. 要是在更有利的条件下，我们就会提前完成这项工作。He could have come, but he was busy then. If he had not been busy then, he coul

52、d have come.答案A4. If only he_quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. layC. had lain D. should lie解析 此题考查的是虚拟语气的错综时间条件句，从句和主句在时间上不一致，从句所表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟，而主句表示的是与现在事实相反的虚拟。答案C5. We could have gone there by bus.Yes, otherwise we_late.A. werent B. hadnt beenC. couldnt

53、be D. couldnt have been解析 We could have gone there by bus 意为“我们本来是能够坐汽车去那里，但实际上并没有坐汽车去那里，相当于 We didnt go there by bus。假设将这一真实情况变成一个与事实相反的假设，那么为If we had gone there by bus, we couldnt have been late。答案D6. The teacher demanded that the exam_before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finish

54、ed D. must be finished解析 在表示请求、命令、建议、要求的词后的从句中应使用(should)动词原形的虚拟语气形式。如：He suggested that we be there in time.答案C7. I wouldnt have succeeded_for his help then.A. hadnt it been B. were it notC. had it been not D. had it not been解析 此题考查对虚拟语气倒装的掌握。if it werent for.和if it hadnt been for.表示“多亏，要不是的情况下，也可用

55、but for短语来表示。这两个句型倒装时仅需记住一句话：not总在“之后。如：We wouldnt have finished the work had it not been for his help.要不是他的帮助，我们就不能完成这项工作。答案D8. If it _for the snow, we_the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb解析 根据y

56、esterday这一信息词，可判断是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。答案C9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_something she would regret later.A. had said B. saidC. might say D. might have said解析 此题考查虚拟语气的含蓄条件句，相当于 If Jane had not walked away from the discussion, she might have said something she would regre

57、t later.答案D10. Id rather he_here.A. come B. comesC. came D. will come解析 would rather (not)do .接省去to的不定式。would rather后接从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语常用过去式。答案C11. One things for sure, the fire_by some cigarette butts. A. might cause B. could have caused C. must have been caused D. should be caused解析 句意是：有一件事是肯定的：这场火灾一定是由一些香烟头引起的。由题干中的sure可知，此处要用把握性大的must have been caused。A项用于对现在或将来的情况进行推测，B项把握性不大，意为“可能了。should have caused不用于推测，意为“本应该做某事。答案C12. You _finish the r