2022届高三英语复习主谓一致专练讲义

1、主 谓 一 致 专 练谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of errors was surprising. 错误之多是惊人的。They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 二、意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是

2、取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采用单数形式。The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。(一)谓语动词为单数的情况 1由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。比较：The

3、 worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家来自北京。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。2every.and (every).，each.and (each)., no.and (no)., many a.and (many a).连接两个单数名词作主语。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 桌子和椅子都是木头做的。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海

4、。3one / every one / each / either / the numberof 复数名词作主语。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 4clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 洪水灾区急需

5、衣物。5以“s”结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。6表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡已经二十年了。7由any， some， no和one, thing, body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 8非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. 他很喜欢集邮。9单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。(二)谓语动词为复数的情况 1由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Bo

6、th bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都已卖完了。2people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。3goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。 4由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 奥运会每四年举办一次。5a number of / quantities of / a group

7、of 名词作主语。(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government等集体名词作主语。强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数。His family is a great one. / His family are music lovers. 他有个大家庭。/ 他的家人都喜欢音乐。2means (方法), works (工厂), pains (辛苦), series (系列), species (物种)等词，根据主语表达

8、的概念而定。Not every means is useful. / Not all means are useful. 并非每种方法都有效。/并非所有的方法都有效。3all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present. / All the food tastes good. 所有人都在场。/这些东西尝起来都很好。4“half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty /分数/ 百分数 of 名词”作主语， 谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。H

9、alf of the students have finished their composition. / Half of the apple is bad. 一半学生完成了作文。/这苹果一半都坏了。三、就近原则 谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。1由or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. 我和他都受邀请了。Neither the children nor the

10、 teacher knows anything about it. 学生和老师都对此一无所知。但注意“with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than 名词”置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 学生们和一位老师在教室呢。2在由there或here引起的句子及倒装句

11、中。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔和两本书。There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书，一些纸和一支钢笔。基础训练1. Neither he nor I _ for the plan.A. were B. is C are D. am2. My family as well as I _ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D. am3. My father, together with some of hi

12、s old friends, _ there alreadyA. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been4.There are two roads and either _ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads5. Nine plus three _ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes6. Twenty miles _ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B.

13、 is C. are D. were7. Very few _ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows8. When and where this took place _ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. are9. I know that all _ getting on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was10. The rest of the novel _ very interesting. A

14、. seem B. is C. are D. were11. Our family _ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school.A. was B. were C. is D. are13. More than one answer _ to the question.A. had given B. were given C. has been g

15、iven D. have been given14. The students in our school each _ an English dictionary.A. are having B. had C. has D. have15. The pair of shoes _ worn out. A. had been B. have been C. were D. was探究题1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B.

16、 are C. was D. were 2. One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn4. Listening t

17、o loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has . have5. Such poets as Shakespeare_ widely read, of whose works, however, some_ difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are6. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _

18、rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 7. The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 8. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow

19、.A. are B. is C. have D. be9.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to10.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as 11.Peter

20、s jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost his. -_ A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as 12.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited.A. were B. have been C. has beenD. was13.A survey of the opinions of experts

21、 _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are14.We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been15.As a result of the serious flood, two

22、-thirds of the buildings in the area_A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair17.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided18. It is reported that

23、 the floods have left about_people homeless.A. two thousandB. two-thousandsC. two thousandsD. two thousands of19.She went to the bookstore and bought_.A. dozen booksB. dozens booksC. dozen of booksD. dozens of books20.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_used regularly. Now

24、 we have 60 working all day long.A .isB. are C. was D. were21. Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. areB. is C. being D. to be22. A poet and artist_ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is B. areC. was D. were23. The fa

25、ther as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going24. There _ a knife and fork on the table.A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be25. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting tha

26、t is due tomorrow.Aare Bis Chave Dbe26.Several department stores, including the one we usually go to, _ sidewalk sales this week.Lets go and have a look.Ais having Bare havingChas Dhave had28.)Butter and bread _ their daily food, but the bread and the butter _ up now.Ais; is eatenBare; have been eat

27、enCare; are eatenDis; have been eaten29. An average of 200 letters a week _ received by the newspapers offer. Such _ the case with us at present.Aare; is Bhas been; has been Chave been; is Dis; are30.)Britain _ many other industrialized countries, _ major changes over the last 100 years. Atogether w

28、ith; have experienced Bas well as; have experiencedCin common with; has experiencedDinstead of; has experienced31. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that _ for their sons bad behavior at school. Aare to blame Bis to be blamed Care to be blamed Dis to blame32.Wed like a double room, please.Im sorry, but all but two single rooms with sea view _.Ahave been reserved Bhas been reservedCwere reserved Dhas reserved33.)So far