艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创课件

1、Im Nobody！Who are you?Emily Dickinson1830-1886 Emily Dickinson is a famous 19th century American poetess . Her idiosyncratic(不同寻常的), unprecedented expressive way of poetic image established her a high position as the first American modern poet.迪金森是19世纪美国著名女诗人，她极具个性特征，超前的诗歌意象表现手法确立了她作为美国第一个现代派诗人的崇高地位

2、。Brief comment：Introduction: Born in 1830 in Amherst(阿默斯特),Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson led a privilegedlife with a financially comfortable and well-respected family in a deeply Calvinist(加尔文主义的) New England community .The Dickinsons family hosted many important visitors , including the famed essa

3、yist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emily Dickinson had numerous correspondents and attended both Amherst Academy and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (圣约克女子学院). For most of her life , the poet spent much of her time secluded(隐居的)within her familys home, writing pomes and helping to run the household. 人

4、生的56年极少离开阿默斯特镇，自23岁便几乎完全闭门谢客，终身未嫁，可能是受到一次不开心的爱情影响，但主要因为自身的性格及想与外界隔离的渴望。然而迪金森有极丰富的内心世界，每天料理家务，爱好园艺，并通过书信与多位朋友保持联系。Relationship:Family memberA prominent lawyer and politician( Representative to Congress)Same as their fathers careerBecame ill when Emily was 25Focus of attention and shows interest in Em

5、ily s poemsClose friend，though they share different nature“父亲的真实人生常常与 我发生冲突。Grave and sternThe Homestead Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).Repainted HomesteadIntimate friend since childhoodA young lawyer who improved her literary

6、and cultural tastesInfluenced her ideas on religion “A friend, who taught me Immortality(永生). A married minister Intellectual challenge Contact with the outside world (Affection for him)Discuss her workIntelligent ,sympathetic criticClose friend, nearly 100 lettersEdit and publish the first volumes

7、of her poemsRelationship:MentorsDickinsons RoomIntroduction: As a woman poet , Dickinsonhas been portrayed as singular奇异的 and enigmatic and even eccentric , a young woman in white , in the Upper rooms of her home . Her poems speak most noticeably of “the Heaven of God , “the starkest Madness or the

8、“infinite rather than the worldly events. At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman. 迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规那么的韵律和韵脚，超乎

9、寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人。Her Diary: 烤面包，这件事是无中生有的过程，就像诗人写出一首诗一样，但它们之间又略有不同，因为如果我的想象力太过复杂，面团可能会糊掉。 如果我在心中发现珍贵的意象，我就会将它们用手捏出来。 许多人都将生命托付给神，我却将我的生命托付给诗。 我们的灵魂是否有更大的视野呢？我们是突发大火的一局部吗？或者我们不过是这场火焰中，无助的目击者罢了。 我的诗讨论的是生命的本质。可是一个人不可能平安地面对一首诗，像面对准备好的晚餐，等着你的朋友到来一样。灵魂唱的歌是无法预期的。突然的火焰是神圣的危险，开始与结束都是欢乐。 我必须努力完

10、成我的诗，要不然我会一点一点慢慢消失。 我从未停止好奇，为什么我是我，而不是一只伯劳鸟？我们会活着就足够令人惊讶的了。 1867-1868Her Diary: 我在房里的花园找到平静。我的花是大自然的使者，伴随着我的笔头，一直到我的心，它们动的更快了。 这屋子是这么安静，以至于我的想法比平时更大声。我翻开自己的心，让它逃到纸页上。 但自然喜欢背叛。冬天从未准备轻易地撤退，而陷阱又重新回来了。三月不可信任。星期五那天雪又回来了。 没有一个舞台能让我饰演自己的戏，但思想本身就是自己的舞台，也定义着自己的存在。 但是我有我的世界可以说话，所以我用信件来表达自己的爱。我从不打算寄出去，就让纸页吸收我的

11、痛就好。 我不会有肉体的子嗣，但我有神圣的抚慰。上帝给了我一种不同的繁衍方式。我的小孩来自于我的心灵，我永远的子嗣，我灵魂的狂喜。我欢送这快乐的阵痛，让诗与创造者别离。 1867-1868Do you think that a woman who just stayed at home , hardly ever saw anyone, and only published 7 poems during her lifetime could be a great poet and composed first-class poetry? Well, as a recluse poetess (

12、隐逸诗人), Emily Dickinson proved that the answer is yes. 1800 poemsThemesShe thought that poetry should be powerful and touching. The inspiration of the poet came from his inner world or intensity of his emotions and the past literary traditions and the noble heroes. Like Emerson, she thought that only

13、 the real poet could understand the world. Truth, virtue and beauty are all the one thing. The most dignified beauty was embodied by the active, affirmative dignity. Poetry should express ideas through concrete具体的，有形的 images. It was the poets duty to express abstract ideas through vivid and fresh im

14、agery. She was against the restriction of the traditional doctrines信条 and argued for the depiction of ones inner world.On PoetryThemesDickinson often brought dazzling originality to her topics.LifeLoveNatureDeath and MourningTime and EternityReligion and FaithIsolation and DepressionPoetry and Langu

15、ageThemesOn NatureDickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance. 狄金森的自然诗既表达着宁静，又是深邃观察的产物。狄金森诗中的自然意象是诗人创作灵感的源泉，同时诗人也借自己的诗表达了对大自然的热爱，对知识的追求和对打破世俗的渴望。

16、她的全部诗歌的创作几乎都可以看作是她对“自然之迷的推敲和猜测。清教主义和超验主义是狄金森思想的两块基石，也是十九世纪的两大思想主流。自然和人是上帝的创造物，自然的灵性是上帝所在的反映，超验主义继承了清教的这一观点，却又对其加以改造，强调人要靠自己的直觉去与上帝交流，并认识世界，这样就强调了个体的重要性。On DeathShe wrote about nearly 600 poems on death. It reveals ultimate truth or reality . Death is personified in many guises in her poems, ranging

17、from a suitor to a tyrant. 在她的笔下，死亡是一个多面体，有时是一位彬彬有礼的绅士，有时是一位残酷的暴君，有时是一次天堂中的旅行，有时是心灵与尘土的对话。狄金森笔下的死亡代表着痛苦，代表着欢乐，死亡是彻底的人魂俱灭，死亡也意味着永生，死亡并不是可怕的。狄金森诗歌的死亡意象表达了作者的生死观，向人们提供了人死后的种种可能，激发了人们去探索“死亡和“永恒这一庄严的主题。Her attitude toward immortality was contradictory. It is clear always that for Dickinson life and consc

18、iousness are inseparable. To be transmuted into grass or transcendentally made one with the ocean or the over-soul are as irrelevant and meaningless to this individualist as the idea would have been to her puritan ancestors. 独特的宗教悖论观迪金森探求灵魂在世间的永久栖息地，但由于感情的受挫，对清教徒教义的质疑，她拒绝钵依基督教，因为她不想为了一个莫须有的天堂，同上帝做交易

19、，所以她的诗歌将现实的居所当作她一个的天堂和乐园。但是这似乎给她的内心带来极大的折磨，坚持自我成了她个人的战斗。圣经的故事、天堂和上帝的字眼频频出现在她的诗中，展现了她尽力的抵抗宗教的影响和她挣扎痛苦的心境。生活中她拒绝并从未进入教堂，反对形式主义的宗教教义。On DeathHer poems run the gamut整个范围 from renunciation抛弃，脱离关系 to professions of 表白love to sexual passion. Eg: Wild nights!Wild nights! Were I with thee 当我和你在一起 Wild nights

20、 should be 这暴风雨夜就是我们 Our luxury! 最大的奢侈！ On loveThe inner worldindividual consciousness Eg. I felt a funeral in my brain, And mourners, to and fro, Kept treading, treading, till it seemed That sense was breaking through. Hope is the thing with feather that perches(栖息) in the soul.Emily Dickinson希望是栖息

21、于灵魂中的一种会飞翔的东西。Best grief is tongueless .最深的悲伤是沉默。There is no frigate like a book, to take us lands. 没有一条船能像一本书，使我们远离家园。 Beautiful wordsIm Nobody!Im Nobody! Who are you? Are you-Nobody-too? Then theres a pair of us! Dont tell! theyd banish us -you know! 我是无名之辈，你是谁？ 你,也是,无名之辈？ 这就有了我们一对！可是别声张！ 你知道，他们会大

22、肆张扬！ Poems Apprehension Im Nobody!How dreary-to be-Somebody! How public-like a Frog- To tell your name-the livelong June To an admiring Bog! 做个，显要人物，好不无聊！ 像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼 在整个六月，把个人的姓名 聒噪何等招摇！江枫译 This poem is Dickinsons most famous and most defense of the kind of spiritual privacy she favored, implying t

23、hat to be a Nobody is a luxury incomprehensible to a dreary somebodyfor they are too busy keeping their names in circulation从事社交活动中. The poems first stanza tells how the speaker meets a fellow “nobody a friend. Together, the two nobodies can enjoy each others company and their shared anonymity. In t

24、he second stanza, the tone of the poem changes. The speaker sounds confident. Perhaps it is her discovery that there are other people like her other nobodies- that makes her feels strongly that being a somebody isnt such a great idea. But to be somebody is not as fancy as it seems to be. I Died For Beauty But Was Sc