[最新中考英语]被动语态精讲课件000

1、被动语态The Passive Voice 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态-主语是动作的执行者。B. 被动语态-主语是动作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.(一)被动语态基本用法:1.当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。2.当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。3.被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 何时使用被动语态？ 1、动作执行者不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时

2、。例如： Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。 3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，19894、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如： Tina是被Paul叫来的。 Tina is asked to come by Paul5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and

3、 It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据信，据悉 It is believed that 主语+be +Vpp(二)被动语态的基本结构:有人称时态的变化1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are + Vpp2. The lost boy _ at the street corner la

4、st night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were + Vpp3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will + be + Vpp主语+be going to + be + Vpp4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. hav

5、e been built现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/ has+ been + Vpp5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + Vpp各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时 态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/does2一般过去时did3一般将来时will/shall+动词原形4现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词5现在完成时have/has+过去分词6含情态动词can/may/must +动词原形am/is/ar

6、e+过去分词was/were+过去分词will/shall +be+过去分词be going to+be +过去分词am/is/are +being+过去分词have/has +been+过去分词can/may/must +be+过去分词(三)主动语态变被动语态: They make the bikes in the factory. 主 谓 宾 The bikesin the factory.are madethemby主变被步骤:1.找宾语: -变成主语（用主格）He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数. be4

7、. 判断动词的时态 : 确定be动词的时态.2. 找谓语：-变成be+Vpp washed5. 找原句的主语 :-变成by +宾格（放在动词的后面） (by them) yesterday.iswas was6. 其余部分按原位照搬就好了。He plays basketball every week. Basketball is played by him every week.The light was invented by Thomas Edison .Thomas Edison invented the light. Jim rode the motorbike to work yes

8、terday.The motorbike was ridden to work yesterday.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _

9、 _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. Last year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers

10、_ _ _ to help them. was built can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finishedHave a try(笔头练习)1. The emperor invented tea by accident.2. Many Chinese can speak Engl

11、ish.3. They dont wash their clothes every day.4 Did Mary finish the work?.Tea was invented by the emperor by accident.English can be spoken by many Chinese.Their clothes arent washed by them every day.Was the work finished by Mary?(四)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice（使役动词感官动词，）等

12、词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 主动省to 2.A )含有双宾语的动词award, bu

13、y, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell在变为被动语态时既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to 或for (到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关)。比较： She was given some money Some money was given to her. .He gave her some money. 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语2. He will give us a big surprise. We _a big surprise( by him).

14、 A big surprise_ us (by him).1. He bought her a watch. She _a watch (by him).A watch _her (by him). was boughtwas bought forwill be givenwill be given toB ). 含有复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的主动句变被动，只需把宾语变成被动句的主语，宾补部分不变。We asked him to speak at the meeting .He was asked to speak at the meeting.He asked me to go to his

15、birthday party. I_ _to go to his birthday party. was asked.I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. .I see him running on the road every morning. He _running on the road by me every morning.is seen表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义3.作

16、“需要”讲的need want, require的被动形式：need doing = need to be done 需要被Your jacket needs to be washed/washing.4.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every day A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel,

17、sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候(物做主语，且动词在此为不及物动词)The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 5. 不用被动语态的动词：6. be worth doing 表示被动，值得This book is worth

18、 _(read)reading (动词表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed挑战中

19、考中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市)A arent; take away B taken awayC isnt; taken away D be taken away3.He _ _ (tell) to return

20、 his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）was told5. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）8. They grow vegetables

21、on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）TThey sent upwere planted are grown完成学案单选练习题P3一、选择题 ( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build ( )2.An accident _ on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happ

22、ened ( )3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow ( )4.So far,the moon _ by man already. A.is visitedB.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is givenB.has been givenC.will be given D.gives (

23、)6.How many trees _ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted BDACCC( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done ( )8.Neither of them _ in China. A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made ( )9.Look!

24、A nice picture _ for our teacher. A.is drawingB.is being drawn C.has been drawnD.draws ( )10.Your shoes _. You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn ( )11.The doctor _ for yet. A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent ( )12.-When _ this kind of computers_?

25、-Last year. A.did; use B.was; usedC.is; usedD.are; used Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _? Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuilti

26、sntbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5. If your homework _(do) well, you may go to play.6. Mr. Green was seen _(grow) trees.7. The blackboard was _ (look) carefully by the students.8. The ship model _ be _ (make) in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmade9. Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the

27、factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired10In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept dont keep mustnt keep is not kept11. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to him A. brought it B. took it C. had it sent D. carried it 12Alice had a dress _

28、last week Amade B. make C. to be made D. to makeOral practice-主动句改被动句 .A car knocked him down yesterday.Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree He was knocked down by a car yesterday The medical team is made up of by two A fallen tree

29、was being cut up, when I got there.4). Well put on the play next Sunday5). Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6). They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railwa

30、y had been completed by the end of last year 7). We should protect the earth8). You need to paint the wall The earth should be protected The wall needs to be paintedQuiz 11. The steel _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sou

31、nded D. sounds3.Work _ at 7 pm. today A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended4.The pen _ smoothly A. was wrote B. writes C. has writing D. is written5.This coat _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washedCorrecting mistake2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys

32、 hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good6)Your coat needs being washedbeginssoundsto be washed / washing 1.教室每天都会被

33、打扫。(一般现在时态) The classroom everyday.2. 你的作业明天一定要带来.Your homework here tomorrow.3.这个风筝是我哥哥昨天做的。 The kite by my brother yesterday.must be broughtwas madeis cleaned4.新的教学楼将在明年6月修建。The new teaching building _ next June.5.我的电脑现在正在被修理。My computer _ at the moment.6. 工作已经被完成了一半了。Half of the work (finish) alr

34、eady .will be builtis been repairinghas been finished(2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)： Father made me a doll. A doll was made for me. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. (3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse

35、, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语： He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him. She was badly paid. 她挣的钱很少。 The trip was well organized. 旅行组织得很好。 The basket can be easily carried by him.在通常情况下，修饰被动语态的副词一定要放在助动词be与过去分词之间。如： 将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的。Fill in the blanks:Paper ( invent)_ in A.D.105 by Cai Lun in China. It is an important part of our everyday lives, but few people ever think about how i