英语非常规否定形式探究6200字

1、英语非常规否认形式探究6200字 摘要：英语句子中，除了在谓语局部进展否认之外，否认也常常出如今主语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语等成分中，并且表现形式多样，表现方法灵敏。有的使用否认副词、否认形容词构成否认，有的使用半否认词或通过带有否认意义词缀的词表示否认，也有的句子形式是肯定的，含义却是否认的，还有的句子中有两个局部表示否认，但含义却是肯定的。 毕业关键词：否认形式；词缀否认；双重否认；否认转移中图分类号：H059文献标志码：A文章编号：1673-291X202201-0287-03一般来说，英语句子的否认是通过否认谓语局部来实现的。句子中有系动词be、助动词have，shall，will和情

2、态动词can，may，must，should 构成否认时，直接在这些词系动词、助动词、和情态动词之后加否认词not / never / hardly等构成否认句。凡句子中没有系动词、助动词和情态动词而谓语由实义动词充当，构成否认时要在谓语动词前加助动词do / does / did + not或hardly，seldom等半否认词构成。然而，在语言理论中，也会出现一些非常规的否认情况。一、否认的形式一用no + n.，none (+of n./ pron.，nothing或nobody作主语、宾语，not +adj.作宾补等形式构成否认句例如：1No one in his class can

3、speak two foreign languages.2Nothing is hard in this world if you dare to scale the heights.3Time and tide wait for no man.4The judge declared him not guilty and set him free.二用含有否认意义词缀的词表示否认有时句子里不用否认词，而是采用带有否认意义词缀的词到达了否认效果，增加了语言表达的丰富性。常用的前缀有：an-无，非，不 anisometric 不等容的，counter-反，逆 counter-motion 反向运动

4、，de-减，反，去，解 depress 减压，dis-无，不，失 disappear消失， im-不，无，非 impolite 不礼貌的，in-不，无，非，incorrect 不正确的，il-无，非，不illegal不合法的，mis-错，误misunderstand误解，non-无，非，不 non-loaded 无负载的，un-无，非，不untrue 不真实的，under-缺乏，under-production消费缺乏；常用的后缀有：-free 无的dustfree 无尘的，-less 不的，无的limitless无限的。例如：1It is unwise to interfere betwee

5、n husband and wife.2What he said was extremely illogical.三没有否认词的否认有时一个句子中既没有否认词，又没有含否认意义词缀的词，而是通过以下句式表达了否认的意思。1.fail+prep.；fail + to do，意为“未做，没有做1He failed in this mathematics examination.2She said she would help us，but she failed to keep her promise.2.too + adj./adv.+ to do 意为“太而不在此构造中，不定式短语表否认，全句的

6、重心在于否认。例如：1His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.2Light travels much too faster to be measured in this way.这里须注意，在上述句型中的too后，如形容词是ready 甘心的，易于的，apt容易的，willing 乐意的，eager 热心的，anxious 渴望的，急迫的，inclined喜欢的等，这时，该形容词和后面的不定式组成一个不可分割的整体，具有肯定意义。例如：1He is too ready to talk.他太爱说话了。201d men are oft

7、en too apt to forget.老年人往往健忘。31 am too anxious to see you.我真想见你。3.某些v./adj./n.+from 构造具有否认含义1Painting is the most mon way to protect metals from corrosion.不被腐蚀2When the machine is working，do keep away from it.不要靠近3We must take measures to be safe from pursuit.不被跟踪4We hope that you will be able to ge

8、t freedom from annoyance.不再烦恼4.某些介词短语具有否认含义above 在之上，引申义“不屑于，“不耻于；against 反，反对，转义为“不利于，“违犯；below 在下，引申为“低于，“不配；beyond在之外，转义为“超出，“没料到；out of 在外，转义为“有，“过。例如：1The newly bought book is beyond my prehension.我读不懂2He has nothing to do with the matter，it is against reason to blame him.不合理3Mens self-control

9、is sometimes below womens.不及4The handicraft made in the small town is beyond all parison.无与伦比5In the first instance，increasing the temperature is out of the question.不可能5.句型“I dare you + to do意为“量你不敢I dare you to swim alone in this river. 二、否认的位置 一主语局部的否认主语局部的否认通常是在主语名词或代词前加上否认形容词no或直接用否认代词nobody，no

10、thing作主语，或用none of + n./pron.，neither of + n./pron.构造，有时也用not放在主语前来表示，构成了否认句。例如：1 No one dare say that to his face.2 None of the telephones is working here.3 Neither of them has ever had a university education.4 Not even his best friend knew she was going to do it.二宾语局部的否认该局部的否认一般是通过在宾语名词前加上否认形容词no构

11、成的。例如：1 He thought it over，but could e to no conclusion.2This hovercraft needs no airport because it does not require a long runway for the takeoff.三状语局部的否认状语中的否认有以下几种情况：1.without + n./pron./ v-ing;with + no + n./ pron.+ 1 Without your help，we would not have achieved so much.2 He worked all day with

12、out ever plaining.3 She left the country with no one to see her off.2.not + adv.+ 1He live not very far from the factory，so he often walks to work.2This bill must be paid not later than the middle of the month.3.not + 分词短语/ 不定式短语1Not knowing how to get there，I went to ask a policeman.2I came in quie

13、tly in order not to wake you up.4.其他介词短语中 What is worrying the world greatly now is a possible shortage of coal，oil，natural gas，or other sources of fuel in the not too distant future.四补足语中的否认1 George asked you not to wait for him any longer，for he has something else to do.2This proposal was generall

14、y considered not practical.三、否认的范围一全部否认句子中的否认有时是否认全部，而有时那么只否认一局部。当句中出现否认代词nobody，nothing，none，neither、否认形容词no、或者否认副词never，nowhere等时，一般为全部否认。例如：1She likes nobody and nobody likes her.2 No dogs are permitted here.3 The old lady went nowhere，just stay at home.二局部否认当all，both，every，everyone，everything，ev

15、erywhere，always，often，quite，entirely，wholly，altogether等词语与否认式谓语连用时，不是否认整体，而是否认其中的一局部另一局部不包括在内，这种情况为局部否认。 例如：1All that glitters is not gold.2I dont like both of the jackets.3Such a thing will not be found everywhere.4Forces do not always produce movement.5She does not often go to the readings-room.但须

16、注意：1有时句子中同时有all和not却不表示局部否认，这要视情况而定。例如：All passengers not going to New York must change trains at the next stop. 2有时句中有always，every而无否认词not，但出现了前缀具有否认意义的词，这时仍为全部否认，例如：All atoms are invisible to the naked eye.三双重否认双重否认通常采用否认词+带有否认前缀的词或否认意义的词的方式表示，这样做更加含蓄，而且可起到强调、突出重点的作用，但它表示的却是肯定意义。例如：1He was not ele

17、cted director of our factory，this is not because he was incapable，but because he didnt want to.2It is not impossible that he has told it to someone else.3There is no one who does not know the secret.四、否认的转移在含有宾语从句的复合句中，如主句谓语是think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect，say，guess，feel，fancy，reckon 等表示“想、相信、设想、猜测的动词，且主语为第一人称时，宾语从句中的否认通常转移到主句中，这更符合英美人的讲话习惯。例如：1I dont believe that we have met before.2My younger brother walked 10 miles today.I never guessed that he could walk that far.3I dont think that it is going to rain