能源学术英语综合教程1教师手册Unit3 TB

1、Unit 3Energy and EthicsViewing and speakingViewing1Around a quarter of the worlds population.A development charity.They hope to develop simple technology to fight poverty and transform their lives for the better.Practical Action has developed a low-cost solar lantern.Using renewable energy through s

2、imple schemes.2turn onthe emergency servicestime availablevital informationinstalledsolar lanterncooking stovessmoke levelsa life of povertyearn a livingTranscriptAround a quarter of the worlds population have no access to electricity at all. Imagine living in the dark, unable to keep warm, or turn

3、on a light. Imagine being taken ill in the night, and not being able to see a doctor or receive the emergency services.Lack of access to modern energy also means time available in the classroom is restricted. Children have no light to study. Open fires produce hazardous thick smoke and kerosene lamp

4、s are both expensive and dangerous. Without electricity people are denied knowledge and education. Without even simple electrical devices there is no access to vital information such as radio programs about farming techniques, flood warnings or local news.Practical Action is a development charity wi

5、th a difference. The simplest ideas can have the most profound life -changing effect on poor people around the world. We hope to develop simple technology to fight poverty and transform their lives for the better.In Peru where millions of people do not have electricity, weve installed micro hydro sc

6、hemes (微型水电系统) bringing clean, renewable power to people. In developing countries many solar applications on the market are often not affordable or accessible. Practical Action has developed a low-cost solar lantern designed to make this source of energy more accessible to farmers like Havier.In Ken

7、ya, Practical Action field staff talked to the Masai to identify the social and health problems associated with kitchen smoke which kills more people than malaria. We worked with communities to build and install more efficient cooking stoves with smoke hoods. They not only improve peoples house by r

8、educing smoke levels by 80%, but they also reduce drudgery, save money, and increase peoples comfort.Our successful work helps to ensure people are no longer condemned to a life of poverty.Communities are becoming healthier and they are discovering new ways to earn a living and to improve the educat

9、ion of their children. Practical Action believes that the right idea, however small, can change lives. Using renewable energy through simple schemes can and already does give people a way out of poverty forever.Speaking21The challenges in shifting from non -renewable to renewable energy include not

10、only energytechnologies but also the change of social systems and lifestyles. The dominant patterns of life, both individual and institutional, which have existed for about 200 years in developed countries, will need to change.2Its all the time not easy to change a habit, both for individuals and fo

11、r society, especially when it has already lasted for hundreds of years. It must be a fundamental change that needs a huge investment of time, effort and money from both governments and individuals.For example, now we have about 800 million motor vehicles in the world and the vast majority of them ar

12、e burning oil. Changing all vehicles into new-energy ones is apparently a reallydifficult task which requires the support of technologies, policies, capitals, and of course, people.3Energy povertyEnergy poverty is lack of access to modern energy services. It refers to the situation of large numbers

13、of people in developing countries and some people in developed countries whose well-being is negatively affected by very low consumption of energy, use of dirty or polluting fuels, and excessive time spent collecting fuel to meet basic needs. It is inversely related to access to modern energy servic

14、es, although improving access is only one factor in efforts to reduce energy poverty.According to International Energy Agency, nearly 1.1 billion people still have no access to electricity. As a result of this situation, a new UN initiative has been launched to coincide with the designation of 2012

15、as the International Year for Sustainable Energy for All, which has a major focus on reducing energy poverty.Extensive readingIntegrated exercises11-5:2 7 3 9 16-10:4 2 10 8 62earning a livingdisparitypoor healthincremental improvementsthe heartstepping in withsolar energylow-power systemsinstallthe

16、 energy ladderfragile and conflict-ridden statesAspectsMini-gridsCentralized Power Systemsmakingsmall-scaleenergysourcesrequiring adequate technologieslarge scaleFeaturesmore practical;less technological requirementsindependenceresilienceCommunities not linked to the main grid;Sites that need reliab

17、le power, including:Most of the developed worldmilitary bases Applicationshospitalsfactoriesfragile and conflict-ridden stateseasytobecometargetsforLimitsless efficient to meet modern energydemandsviolence3long construction delays41电炉2水泵3明火4在黑暗中5生孩子6现代医疗设备7致命疾病8煤油灯9谋生10缝纫机11碾米机12灌溉庄稼13能源贫困14主要制约因素15

18、停电16人口增长17发电18年增长率19外交政策20导致局势不稳21大量的问题的核心劳动人口着手应对能源基础设施输电线路维修服务前期成本月付款维修协议低功率系统专门机构技术支持备用发电机军事基地有吸引力的选择工期延误集中式电力系统5earned a living as a part-time secretaryunveiled a slew of new initiativeshas caused power outages throughout the regionthe main constraint on food productioncome to grips with the une

19、mployment problem seriouslyseems to be an increasingly attractive option for the young in rural areasIntensive ReadingWarming upEthics are a set of moral principles that guide a persons behavior. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what is just, what is unjust, what is good, a

20、nd what is bad in terms of human behavior.The problem with ethical issues is that there generally is no single accepted answer. Examples: euthanasia, abortion, cloning, capital punishment, energy use.Text understanding1peak oilwell publicizedhuman ingenuityknow-howfossil fuels21)the need of an energ

21、y efficient ethic2)40%3)5%4)25%5)25%turned offflippedroughly 80%9)20%unnecessary emissionssocial justice3Appeal: We must make comprehensive, systemic efforts to combat global warming and prepare for the advent of oil peak.Conclusion 1: First, each of us should attempt to conserve energy, most notabl

22、y in transportation and home heating.Conclusion 2: Second, as a nation, we should take up the challenge to create alternative energy technologies and show the way to a sustainable energy future for the world.Language Building11-5:c i f g b 6-10:d j e a h21-5:A C A C C6-10:C C B B C3admonitioninterac

23、tionsconservationintentionalcomprehensivepublicizedinevitabilitydepletionconfrontationsvalidity4engageexceedethicalimplicationenvironmentalinefficient5oil embargoraise concernsenergy crisisethical issuesnational consensuspeak oiloil production capabilityoil reservesrecoverable petroleumalternative t

24、o petroleuma monumental challengecome to an endtotal annual energy usein accord withmoral basisan energy-inefficient carcommon goodaverage citizenethical implicationsindustrialized countriesunderdeveloped countriesadd tosocial justicehome heatingtake up the challengeoil scarcity6The Arab oil embargo

25、 of 1973, initiated to protest US support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War, was a watershed event in US energy history.The peak oil challenge, less well publicized, refers to a future where the current rate of oil production is no longer possible.Peak oil concerns are often dismissed by those who bel

26、ieve that human ingenuity and know-how will inevitably come to the rescue and provide alternatives to petroleum.I was one of three faculty members: a physicist, a physical geographer and an economist who initiated a public affairs colloquium on energy and society to engage students in considering it

27、 a major societal issue.We should take up the challenge to create alternative energy technologies and show the way to a sustainable energy future for the world.7It all boils down to one thing: human nature.This military action is taken in accord with United Nations resolutions.Accidents always arise

28、 from carelessness.We quickly accommodated ourselves to our new surroundings.Man cannot live without air.We cannot afford to wait any longer or well miss the plane.Academic writingMicro-skill: Conciseness1Students planning to graduate in June must make an appointment with the registrar.An old man hi

29、t by a motorcycle was lying in the street.There are two overarching themes, influencing the way the energy landscape is reflected.Women, having been suffering sex discrimination, are beginning to gain equality in society.The recently released report received cheers from the local residents.All job a

30、pplicants must register in our website.We should create an efficient and accurate system.There are three trends driving the new energy revolution.2This was both due to their years of teaching experience and their comfort level in the classroom.We should establish reading that both engages students a

31、nd provides them with opportunities to grapple with diverse and sophisticated texts.We can evaluate the writing of the student through either a verbal conversation or written response on the paper.These statements neither deny nor affirm what the patient is saying.The disadvantages of using a credit

32、 card are overspending and paying the high interest rate.3Better training of students will improve their reading efficiency. Or: With better training, students reading efficiency will improve.The adoption of this strategy may lead to cost reductions.The creation of a network may improve the accessib

33、ility to marketing information.Regardless of majors, these students read the same textbooks and complete the same assignments.Despite these limitations of the study, several observations have been made.As the worlds biggest energy producer and consumer, China is promoting the use of clean energy for greener growth.Macro-skill: Concluding sentence1NO.Paragraph 1: to summarize; Paragraph 2: to link it to the next paragraph.2Using moving water to generate electricity topic offers a number of advantag